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Jiang X, Niu Y, Du S, He G. Membrane crystallization: Engineering the crystallization via microscale interfacial technology. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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2
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Wan Osman WNA, Mat Nawi NI, Samsuri S, Bilad MR, Wibisono Y, Hernández Yáñez E, Md Saad J. A Review on Recent Progress in Membrane Distillation Crystallization. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Aisyah Wan Osman
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Normi Izati Mat Nawi
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Shafirah Samsuri
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam Faculty of Integrated Technologies BE1410 Gadong Brunei
| | - Yusuf Wibisono
- Brawijaya University Department of Bioprocess Engineering 65141 Malang Indonesia
| | - Eduard Hernández Yáñez
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona TECH, Department of Agrifood Engineering and Biotechnology 08860 Castelldefels Spain
| | - Juniza Md Saad
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Science and Technology 97008 Bintulu Malaysia
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3
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Experimental mass transfer comparison between vacuum and direct contact membrane distillation for the concentration of carbonate solutions. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Baena-Moreno FM, Reina TR, Rodríguez-Galán M, Navarrete B, Vilches LF. Synergizing carbon capture and utilization in a biogas upgrading plant based on calcium chloride: Scaling-up and profitability analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143645. [PMID: 33250242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein we analyze the profitability of a novel regenerative process to synergize biogas upgrading and carbon dioxide utilization. Our proposal is a promising alternative which allows to obtain calcium carbonate as added value product while going beyond traditional biogas upgrading methods with high thermal energy consumption. Recently we have demonstrated the experimental viability of this route. In this work, both the scale-up and the profitability of the process are presented. Furthermore, we analyze three representative scenarios to undertake a techno-economic study of the proposed circular economy process. The scale-up results demonstrate the technical viability of our proposal. The precipitation efficiency and the product quality are still remarkable with the increase of the reactor size. The techno-economic analysis reveals that the implementation of this circular economy strategy is unprofitable without subsidies. Nonetheless, the results are somehow encouraging as the subsides needed to reach profitability are lower than in other biogas upgrading and carbon dioxide utilization proposals. Indeed, for the best-case scenario, a feed-in tariff incentive of 4.3 €/MWh makes the approach profitable. A sensitivity study through tornado analysis is also presented, revealing the importance of reducing bipolar membrane electrodialysis energy consumption. Overall our study envisages the big challenge that the EU faces during the forthcoming years. The evolution towards bio-based and circular economies requires the availability of economic resources and progress on engineering technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Baena-Moreno
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Technical School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/ Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, Sevilla 41092, Spain; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom.
| | - T R Reina
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Sevilla Centro mixto US-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Mónica Rodríguez-Galán
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Technical School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/ Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Benito Navarrete
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Technical School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/ Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Luis F Vilches
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Technical School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/ Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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5
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Wei J, She Q, Liu X. Insights into the Influence of Membrane Permeability and Structure on Osmotically-Driven Membrane Processes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11020153. [PMID: 33671725 PMCID: PMC7926744 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The success of osmotically-driven membrane (OM) technology relies critically on high-performance membranes. Yet trade-off of membrane properties, often further complicated by the strongly non-linear dependence of OM performance on them, imposes important constraint on membrane performance. This work systematically characterized four typical commercial osmotic membranes in terms of intrinsic separation parameters, structure and surface properties. The osmotic separation performance and membrane scaling behavior of these membranes were evaluated to elucidate the interrelationship of these properties. Experimental results revealed that membranes with smaller structural parameter (S) and higher water/solute selectivity underwent lower internal concentration polarization (ICP) and exhibited higher forward osmosis (FO) efficiency (i.e., higher ratio of experimental water flux over theoretical water flux). Under the condition with low ICP, membrane water permeability (A) had dominant effect on water flux. In this case, the investigated thin film composite membrane (TFC, A = 2.56 L/(m2 h bar), S = 1.14 mm) achieved a water flux up to 82% higher than that of the asymmetric cellulose triacetate membrane (CTA-W(P), A = 1.06 L/(m2 h bar), S = 0.73 mm). In contrast, water flux became less dependent on the A value but was affected more by membrane structure under the condition with severe ICP, and the membrane exhibited lower FO efficiency. The ratio of water flux (Jv TFC/Jv CTA-W(P)) decreased to 0.55 when 0.5 M NaCl feed solution and 2 M NaCl draw solution were used. A framework was proposed to evaluate the governing factors under different conditions and to provide insights into the membrane optimization for targeted OM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China;
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore;
| | - Qianhong She
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore;
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Xin Liu
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore;
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6
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Insights into membrane crystallization: A sustainable tool for value added product recovery from effluent streams. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Sheng L, Li J, He G, Xiao W, Yan X, Li X, Ruan X, Jiang X. Visual study and simulation of interfacial liquid layer mass transfer in membrane-assisted antisolvent crystallization. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Sengur-Tasdemir R, Pekgenc E, Urper-Bayram GM, Ergon-Can T, Tutuncu HE, Zeytuncu B, Gul-Karaguler N, Ates-Genceli E, Koyuncu I. Determination of the effect of proteoliposome concentration on Aquaporin Z incorporated nanofiltration membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:2229-2239. [PMID: 30574839 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1561756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of AqpZ immobilized flat sheet membranes. The effects of interfacial polymerization conditions as well as proteoliposome concentration were evaluated. Commercial AqpZ were used as positive control for cloned AqpZ. Specific permeate flux of membranes at higher proteoliposome concentrations increased up to 25 times higher than thin film composite membranes; however; MgSO4 rejection is lowered almost to 1.5%. FTIR and SEM confirm immobilization of proteoliposomes. Thermal analysis showed that increasing proteoliposome concentration has no positive effect on the incorporation of proteoliposomes into polyamide structures. On the contrary, at lower proteoliposome concentrations, incorporation of proteoliposomes was found better. When combined membrane performances were compared in terms of specific permeate flux; MgSO4 and humic rejection and flux recovery after humic acid filtration, the performance of cloned AqpZ incorporated membranes (having 0.1 mg/mL proteoliposome concentration and polyamide formed with 2 min piperazine reaction time) improved 1.7 times regarding TFC membranes. According to the results, increasing proteoliposome concentration did not improve nanofiltration membrane performance. On the contrary, lower proteoliposome concentrations were found to be more effective in increasing membrane performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan Sengur-Tasdemir
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enise Pekgenc
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Melike Urper-Bayram
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Ergon-Can
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Esra Tutuncu
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bihter Zeytuncu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Gul-Karaguler
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Ates-Genceli
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Kárászová M, Zach B, Petrusová Z, Červenka V, Bobák M, Šyc M, Izák P. Post-combustion carbon capture by membrane separation, Review. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Jamed MJ, Alhathal Alanezi A, Alsalhy QF. Effects of embedding functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and alumina on the direct contact poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) membrane distillation performance. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1542302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muslim J. Jamed
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Adnan Alhathal Alanezi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Technological Studies, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET), Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Qusay F. Alsalhy
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
- AlMustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
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11
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Biomimetic Membranes as a Technology Platform: Challenges and Opportunities. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:membranes8030044. [PMID: 30018213 PMCID: PMC6161077 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic membranes are attracting increased attention due to the huge potential of using biological functional components and processes as an inspirational basis for technology development. Indeed, this has led to several new membrane designs and applications. However, there are still a number of issues which need attention. Here, I will discuss three examples of biomimetic membrane developments within the areas of water treatment, energy conversion, and biomedicine with a focus on challenges and applicability. While the water treatment area has witnessed some progress in developing biomimetic membranes of which some are now commercially available, other areas are still far from being translated into technology. For energy conversion, there has been much focus on using bacteriorhodopsin proteins, but energy densities have so far not reached sufficient levels to be competitive with state-of-the-art photovoltaic cells. For biomedical (e.g., drug delivery) applications the research focus has been on the mechanism of action, and much less on the delivery 'per se'. Thus, in order for these areas to move forward, we need to address some hard questions: is bacteriorhodopsin really the optimal light harvester to be used in energy conversion? And how do we ensure that biomedical nano-carriers covered with biomimetic membrane material ever reach their target cells/tissue in sufficient quantities? In addition to these area-specific questions the general issue of production cost and scalability must also be treated in order to ensure efficient translation of biomimetic membrane concepts into reality.
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Ahmed M, Kumar R, Al-Wazzan Y, Garudachari B, Thomas JP. Assessment of Performance of Inorganic Draw Solutions Tested in Forward Osmosis Process for Desalinating Arabian Gulf Seawater. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Xue W, Sint KKK, Ratanatamskul C, Praserthdam P, Yamamoto K. Binding TiO2 nanoparticles to forward osmosis membranes via MEMO–PMMA–Br monomer chains for enhanced filtration and antifouling performance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19024-19033. [PMID: 35539656 PMCID: PMC9080677 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03613f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has attracted increasing interest in various applications for water and wastewater treatment and reuse. However, drawbacks caused by its lower-than-expected flux performance and fouling issues remain bottlenecks that limit the wider applications of FO technology. In this research, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were grafted onto two commercially available FO membranes, a cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane and an aquaporin (AqP) membrane, through a specially designed 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate–polymethyl methacrylate–bromide (MEMO–PMMA–Br) monomer chain, to improve the filtration performance with regard to pure water flux and organic fouling resistance. The success of the surface coating method was verified using FT-IR, SEM-EDX, and AFM. Approximately 30% titanium coverage was obtained for both FO membranes. A reduction of the contact angle on the modified CTA membrane surface indicated enhanced water permeability and antifouling performance. An adverse effect on the surface hydrophilicity of the modified AqP membrane may be attributed to the obstruction of aquaporins from the feed solution due to the coverage of MEMO–PMMA–Br monomers and TiO2 nanoparticles. The pure water flux of both membranes was significantly improved, with average flux increases of 73.4% and 13.6% identified for the modified CTA and AqP membranes, respectively. In addition, the antifouling performance of the AqP membrane was greatly enhanced after surface modification, attributed to the integrated effects of foulant photodegradation (catalyzed by TiO2 nanoparticles at the interface) and the prevention of functional water channels being blocked by organic foulants due to TiO2 coverage. Commercial forward osmosis membranes were modified by TiO2 nanoparticles. A designed MEMO–PMMA–Br monomer chain to reduce the damage on polymer membrane by TiO2. Water permeability and fouling resistance were significantly improved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Xue
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Kaung Ko Ko Sint
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Chavalit Ratanatamskul
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Piyasan Praserthdam
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change
- School of Environment, Resources, and Development
- Asian Institute of Technology
- Thailand
- Environmental Science Center
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14
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Szałata K, Gumi T. BioArtificial polymers. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNowadays, the polymer science has impact in practically all life areas. Countless benefits coming from the usage of materials with high mechanical and chemical resistance, variety of functionalities and potentiality of modification drive to the development of new application fields. Novel approaches of combining these synthetic substances with biomolecules lead to obtain multifunctional hybrid conjugates which merge the bioactivity of natural component with outstanding properties of artificial polymer. Over the decades, an immense progress in bioartificial composites domain allowed to reach a high level of knowledge in terms of natural-like systems engineering, leading to diverse strategies of biomolecule immobilization. Together with different available options, including covalent and noncovalent attachment, come various challenges, related mainly with maintaining the biological activity of fixed molecules. Even though the amount of applications that achieve commercial status is still not substantial, and is expanding continuously in the disciplines like “smart materials,” biosensors, delivery systems, nanoreactors and many others. A huge number of remarkable developments reported in the literature present a potential of bioartificial conjugates as a fabrics with highly controllable structure and multiple functionalities, serving as a powerful nanotechnological tool. This novel approach brings closer biologists, chemists and engineers, who sharing their effort and complementing the knowledge can revolutionize the field of bioartificial polymer science.
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15
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Wen C, Li A, Walther JH, Yang Y. Effect of swirling device on flow behavior in a supersonic separator for natural gas dehydration. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Park J, Noh M, Chey MK, Mok Y, Seo JH, Lee Y. Control of osmotic pressure through CO2-capture and release facilitated by the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition of acylated branched polyethylenimine. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00371k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A solution of acylated polyethylenimine absorbs CO2 at low temperatures and draws water from high-salt saline due to the high osmotic pressure, while it liberates CO2 after phase separation by mild heating and releases water into low-salt saline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Noh
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Keun Chey
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongbong Mok
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Republic of Korea
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Perry M, Madsen SU, Jørgensen T, Braekevelt S, Lauritzen K, Hélix-Nielsen C. Challenges in Commercializing Biomimetic Membranes. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:685-701. [PMID: 26556379 PMCID: PMC4704006 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of selective water channel proteins-aquaporins-has prompted growing interest in using these proteins, as the building blocks for designing new types of membranes. However, as with any other new and potentially disruptive technology, barriers for successful market entry exist. One category includes customer-related barriers, which can be influenced to some extent. Another category includes market-technical-related barriers, which can be very difficult to overcome by an organization/company aiming at successfully introducing their innovation on the market-in particular if both the organization and the technology are at early stages. Often, one faces barriers from both these categories at the same time, which makes it necessary to gain insight of the particular market when introducing a new innovative product. In this review we present the basic concepts and discuss some of these barriers and challenges associated with introducing biomimetic aquaporin membranes. These include technical issues in membrane production and product testing. Then we discuss possible business models for introducing new technologies in general, followed by a presentation of beach-head market segments relevant for biomimetic aquaporin membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Perry
- Aquaporin Asia, 1 Clean Tech Loop, CleanTech One #03-05, Singapore 63714, Singapore.
| | | | - Tine Jørgensen
- Aquaporin A/S, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, Copenhagen N DK2200, Denmark.
| | | | - Karsten Lauritzen
- DSS, A Tetra Pak Company, Bergsøesvej 17, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark.
| | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- Aquaporin A/S, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, Copenhagen N DK2200, Denmark.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, Maribor 2000, Slovenia.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, Lyngby 2800 Kgs., Denmark.
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