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Li W, Chen R, Zhang S, Li M, Lu J, Qiang Z. Application of high-dose UV irradiation as nanofiltration pretreatment for drinking water production: Organic fouling mitigation and micropollutant removal. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 266:122348. [PMID: 39217642 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) is being increasingly applied to produce high-quality drinking water; however, its cost-effective operation remains challenging due to the perennial membrane fouling. On account of the low tolerance of common NF membranes to chemical oxidants, this study proposed high-dose UV irradiation as a pretreatment strategy for organic fouling mitigation. Results showed that the permeate flux decline of the membrane with UV-treated feedwater (with a dose of 750 mJ cm-2) was less drastic than that with raw feedwater, but slightly faster as compared to that with UV/Cl2 pretreatment. The final normalized fluxes were 0.69, 0.79, and 0.82, respectively, after 10 h of operation with raw, UV- and UV/Cl2-treated feedwaters. With the characterization of feedwaters and membranes, the fouling was found to be initiated by the adsorption of hydrophilic biopolymers onto the membrane, followed by the deposition of hydrophobic humic substances. Reduction of the "glue" biopolymers was crucial to membrane fouling mitigation. The applicability of UV pretreatment in practice was testified with a pilot-scale UV-NF system where permeate flux of the NF module decreased by 37% after six-week continuous operation. Moreover, UV pretreatment could remove most of the identified pesticides in the feedwater with a removal efficiency over 80% for metolachlor and imidacloprid, but had no or even a negative effect on perfluorinated compounds. This work discloses the efficacy and mechanism of high-dose UV irradiation for NF membrane fouling control, which facilitates future research and application of NF technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rongwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Suona Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Mengkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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2
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Li Y, Dong Y, Chen S, Wu Y, Wang J, Nie Y. Fouling behavior of nanofiltration membrane during the refining treatment of morphlines-dominant reverse osmosis concentrate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 364:121443. [PMID: 38878575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) has been proven to be with great potential for the separation of morpholines with molecular weight less than 200 Da in refining reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), but its application is significantly restricted by the membrane fouling, which can reduce the rejection and service time. To enable the long-term operation stability of nanofiltration, this work focuses on the fouling behavior of each substance in the hydrosaline organic solution on nanofiltration membrane, aiming to give insight into the fouling mechanism. To this end, in this work, the effects of salts (i.e NaCl and Na2SO4), organic substances (including N-(2-hydroxypropyl)morpholine(NMH) and 4-morpholineacetate(MHA)) and representative divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) on the performance and physicochemical properties of DK membrane were systematically investigated. The results show that both salts and organics can induce DK membrane swelling, leading to an increase of the mean effective pore size. After the filtration of Na2SO4-NaCl-H2O, the mean pore size increased by 0.002 nm, resulting in the decrease of the removal ratio of NMH and MHA for 3.82% and 13.10%, respectively. With static adsorption of NMH and MHA, the mean pore size of DK membrane increased by 0.005 and 0.003 nm. The swelling slowed the entrance of more organic molecules into membrane pores. Among them, MHA led to the terrible irreversible pore blocking. As the concentration of Ca2+ increased, gypsum scaling was formed on the membrane surface. During this process, NMH and MHA played different roles, i.e. NMH accelerated the CaSO4 crystallization while MHA inhibited. As a conclusion, the fouling behavior of substances in the high saline organic wastewater on DK membrane were systematically revealed with the fouling mechanisms proposed, which could provide an insightful guidance for membrane fouling control and cleaning in the treatment of high salinity and organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process/State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process/State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shangqing Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
| | - Yingqiu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process/State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process/State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yi Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process/State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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3
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Lu Q, Yang H, Chen Z, Yao L. Surface modification of nanofiltration membrane using polyoxometalates for improved separation and antifouling performance. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:904-914. [PMID: 38423608 PMCID: wst_2024_048 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, polyoxometalates (POMs) as a core-modifying material was used to fabricate the nanofiltration (NF) membrane on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane substrate via a novel interfacial polymerization (IP) method. The formation mechanism of the POMs-modified composite membrane was proposed. The separation and antifouling properties were further investigated. After cross-linking with POMs through the new IP reaction, the modified composite membrane showed improved hydrophilicity, water flux, and salt rejection. In the humic acid fouling experiment, the POMs-modified membrane exhibited the best antifouling performance, with a flux recovery rate of up to 91.3%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was further used to investigate the antifouling performance of the membranes. Nyquist and Bode plots of the POMs-modified membranes showed no significant change before and after fouling compared to the PVDF membrane substrate, indicating reduced fouling attachment on the modified membrane, which was consistent with the fouling index and flux variation observed during the fouling experiment. Our findings provide a simple and valuable route for fabricating POMs-functionalized NF membranes with desirable separation and antifouling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China E-mail:
| | - Haodong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemical and Advanced Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemical and Advanced Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
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He L, Sang Y, Yu W, Lu T, Wang F, Ma F, Gu Q, Jiao W. Sustainable remediation of dibenzofuran-contaminated soil by low-temperature thermal desorption: Robust decontamination and carbon neutralization. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134810. [PMID: 35508260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermal desorption (TD) is generally considered to be an effective but unsustainable technology. Decontamination performance, charring behaviors and physicochemical properties during TD of dibenzofuran-contaminated soil (DCS) are explored. After treatment at 300 °C for 20 min, the dibenzofuran concentration decreases from 3969.37 mg/kg to 17.29 mg/kg, lower than Chinese risk screening value. More than 99% of dibenzofuran in soil are removed at low temperature of 300 °C, meanwhile the organic carbon is partially retained in soil. Removal mechanism of DCS at 300 °C is proposed, including desorption, cracking, and charring. Char material of low H:C ratio is produced by the generation, polymerization and dehydrogenation of aromatic intermediates, and then increases carbon stocks and reduces the carbon footprint of contaminated soil. Meanwhile, due to the char generated, pH, cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of DCS heated at 300 °C are higher than those of raw DCS, promoting ecological restoration and enhancing carbon sink in soil ecosystems. The aforesaid saving energy, reducing carbon footprint and enhancing carbon sink are exactly the main innovative technologies for achieving carbon neutrality. Hence, it may be a contribution to climate change mitigation, in addition to a robust and sustainable remediation of organic contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao He
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yimin Sang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China.
| | - Wang Yu
- BCEG Environmental Consulting Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
| | - Feiyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
| | - Fujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qingbao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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5
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Abada B, Safarik J, Ishida KP, Chellam S. Surface characterization of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes from a full-scale advanced water reuse facility: Combined role of bioorganic materials and silicon on chemically irreversible fouling. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Shang W, Yang S, Liu W, Wong PW, Wang R, Li X, Sheng G, Lau W, An AK, Sun F. Understanding the influence of hydraulic conditions on colloidal fouling development by using the micro-patterned nanofiltration membrane: Experiments and numerical simulation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Muhammad T, Li L, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Liu Z, He X, Bazai NA, Li Y. Multiple fouling dynamics, interactions and synergistic effects in brackish surface water distribution systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132268. [PMID: 34555585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved salts, colloidal particles, and active microorganisms in brackish surface water distribution systems (BSWD) cause multiple fouling, poses potential threat to the environmental pollution, and raising technical and economic issues as well. So far, the co-occurrence and interactions of multiple fouling remains largely unknown. Multiple fouling behaviors were assessed in agriculture BSWD under different nitrogen (N) fertilizers. X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement analysis, 16S rRNA, and microbial network analysis were conducted to determine the fouling characteristics. Statistical analysis was applied to reveal the relative contributions and interaction of multiple fouling. Our results demonstrated, multiple fouling of precipitates, particulates and biofoulings were co-occurred. Fouling growth was largely attributed to the strong interactions of different fouling. The binary interactions of precipitates - particulates contributed 51.1%, and ternary interactions of precipitates - particulates - biofouling contributed 25.4% to explain the decline of system performance, while the contribution of each single type fouling was minimal. Thereby indicating the significant role of calcium silica, biomineralization and bio-silicates in fouling. The lower acid N fertilizer broken the interaction of multiple fouling by increasing the precipitate crystal parameters and repulsive forces amongst particulates, as well as destroyed microbial interactions in biofouling. Overall, this study open frontier for multiple fouling in-depth profiling and antifouling guidance for effective utilization of BSWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Muhammad
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Lei Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Yang Xiao
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Xin He
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Nazir Ahmed Bazai
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu, China.
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, China.
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8
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Xue Q, Zhang K. The Preparation of High-Performance and Stable MXene Nanofiltration Membranes with MXene Embedded in the Organic Phase. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:2. [PMID: 35054527 PMCID: PMC8778054 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials embedded in nanofiltration membranes have become a promising modification technology to improve separation performance. As a novel representation of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, MXene has nice features with a strong negative charge and excellent hydrophilicity. Our previous research showed that MXene nanosheets were added in the aqueous phase, which enhanced the permeselectivity of the membrane and achieved persistent desalination performance. Embedding the nanomaterials into the polyamide layer through the organic phase can locate the nanomaterials on the upper surface of the polyamide layer, and also prevent the water layer around the hydrophilic nanomaterials from hindering the interfacial polymerization reaction. We supposed that if MXene nanosheets were added in the organic phase, MXene nanosheets would have more negative contact sites on the membrane surface and the crosslinking degree would increase. In this study, MXene were dispersed in the organic phase with the help of ultrasound, then MXene nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes were achieved. The prepared MXene membranes obtained enhanced negative charge and lower effective pore size. In the 28-day persistent desalination test, the Na2SO4 rejection of MXene membrane could reach 98.6%, which showed higher rejection compared with MXene embedded in aqueous phase. The results of a long-time water immersion test showed that MXene membrane could still maintain a high salt rejection after being soaked in water for up to 105 days, which indicated MXene on the membrane surface was stable. Besides MXene membrane showed high rejection for high-concentration brine and good mono/divalent salt separation performance in mono/divalent mixed salt solutions. As a part of the study of MXene in nanofiltration membranes, we hoped this research could provide a theoretical guidance for future research in screening different addition methods and different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;
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9
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Wang J, Liang H, Tang X, Gan Z, Li G. Chemicals-free approach control interface characteristics of nanofiltration membrane: Feasibility and mechanism insight into CEM electrolysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117761. [PMID: 34678698 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combined fouling effect prevalent in the nanofiltration (NF) process severely limits its use. In this study, cation exchange membrane (CEM) electrolysis was performed to alleviate NF membrane fouling by controlling interface characteristics. The results revealed that CEM electrolysis (hydraulic retention time with 0.24 or 0.36 h) effectively improved NF membrane permeability by 201%-211% and achieved a stability of > 8 LMH/bar. The divalent cations were removed through CEM electrolysis, with a decrease in Ca2+ and Mg2+ by approximately 68.8% and 30.9%, respectively, which was related to scaling potential reduction. This softening function reduced the possibility of bridging of organics with divalent cations, which contributed to the lower molecular weight of organic matter (mainly humic substances) distributed in 1.4-23 kDa. The improved organic indicators of the NF membrane permeate quality implied that the membrane interface characteristics improved. The foulant layer on the NF membrane dominated humic substances, and biopolymers exhibited hydrophobic, smooth, and porous characteristics. The self-aggregation of foulants on the NF membrane surface stimulated the interface characteristics with high water permeability. Energy consumption confirmed the feasibility of CEM electrolysis on NF application. Thus, CEM electrolysis as a chemical-free approach that can be combined with NF and can provide guidance for NF membrane fouling in urban water treatment and water reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhendong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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10
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Tian J, Zhao X, Gao S, Wang X, Zhang R. Progress in Research and Application of Nanofiltration (NF) Technology for Brackish Water Treatment. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:662. [PMID: 34564479 PMCID: PMC8468185 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Brackish water is a potential fresh water resource with lower salt content than seawater. Desalination of brackish water is an important option to alleviate the prevalent water crisis around the world. As a membrane technology ranging between UF and RO, NF can achieve the partial desalination via size exclusion and charge exclusion. So, it has been widely concerned and applied in treatment of brackish water during the past several decades. Hereon, an overview of the progress in research on and application of NF technology for brackish water treatment is provided. On the basis of expounding the features of brackish water, the factors affecting NF efficiency, including the feed water characteristics, operating conditions and NF membrane properties, are analyzed. For the ubiquitous membrane fouling problem, three preventive fouling control strategies including feed water pretreatment, optimization of operating conditions and selection of anti-fouling membranes are summarized. In addition, membrane cleaning methods for restoring the fouled membrane are discussed. Furthermore, the combined utilization of NF with other membrane technologies is reviewed. Finally, future research prospects are proposed to deal with the current existing problems. Lessons gained from this review are expected to promote the sustainable development of brackish water treatment with NF technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Tian
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (J.T.); (X.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Xingrui Zhao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (J.T.); (X.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Shanshan Gao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (J.T.); (X.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Architectural Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China;
| | - Ruijun Zhang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (J.T.); (X.Z.); (S.G.)
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11
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12
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Song Y, Li X, Li C, Li J, Dong Z, Zhang M, Qi P, Bai X, Jiang K. Exploring and comparing the roles of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in small-sized natural organics-induced charged nanofiltration membrane fouling. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Kum S, Lawler DF, Katz LE. Separation characteristics of cations and natural organic matter in electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Gönder ZB, Balcıoğlu G, Vergili I, Kaya Y. An integrated electrocoagulation-nanofiltration process for carwash wastewater reuse. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126713. [PMID: 32304861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, advanced treatment of carwash wastewater with an integrated electrocoagulation-nanofiltration (EC-NF) process to reuse the treated wastewater as rinsing water was investigated. The wastewater was pretreated by EC process under various operating parameters such as temperature (25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C), stirring speed (150 rpm, 250 rpm, 350 rpm), and electrode connection mode (MP-P, MP-S, BP-S) using Fe electrode. The best results were achieved at 25 °C, 250 rpm and MP-P connection mode for EC, considering both pollutant removals and energy consumptions. EC sludge was characterized scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive index (ESEM-EDX) analysis. The pretreated carwash wastewater using EC process was further treated by NF process using NF 270 and Desal 5DL membranes. Desal 5 DL membrane provided the highest treatment performance for chloride (92%), conductivity (80%) and total hardness (90%) parameters for EC-NF process. Resistance in series model was used for a deeper discussion of the reasons for flux decline. In addition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and contact angle measurements were conducted for membrane fouling characterization. The foulants mainly accumulated on the membrane surface forming a cake layer and lower extent of membrane fouling was occurred for both membranes. As a result, this study showed that the water quality for reuse in carwashing process could be achieved with an integrated EC-NF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Beril Gönder
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Avcilar Campus, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gökhan Balcıoğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Avcilar Campus, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilda Vergili
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Avcilar Campus, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kaya
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Avcilar Campus, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Spatial variation of fouling behavior in high recovery nanofiltration for industrial reverse osmosis brine treatment towards zero liquid discharge. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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The role shifting of organic, inorganic and biological foulants along different positions of a two-stage nanofiltration process. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Shang W, Sun F, Jia W, Guo J, Yin S, Wong PW, An AK. High-performance nanofiltration membrane structured with enhanced stripe nano-morphology. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Lin W, Li M, Wang Y, Wang X, Xue K, Xiao K, Huang X. Quantifying the dynamic evolution of organic, inorganic and biological synergistic fouling during nanofiltration using statistical approaches. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105201. [PMID: 31675566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic process of membrane fouling was characterized during relatively long-term (30 d) continuous nanofiltration (NF) of a real wastewater secondary effluent, with the roles of organic, inorganic and biological foulants quantified via statistical analyses. The analyses were based on time-series data of physical properties (morphology, roughness, hydrophilicity and charge), chemical compositions (X-ray and infrared responses) and biomass (adenosine triphosphate, ATP) on the membrane surface during fouling evolution. The individual and interactive contributions of organic factor (typical functional groups), inorganic factor (Ca as a representative) and biological factor (ATP amount) to fouling were quantified via multiple linear regression coupled with variance partitioning analysis. About 78% of the variance of filtration resistance can be explained by these factors, among which 16% was contributed by individual effect of organics (via e.g. physical adsorption), 21% by organic-inorganic binary effect (in the form of e.g. Ca-complex), 13% by organic-biological binary effect (organics as the nutrient/product of microorganisms), and 24% by organic-inorganic-biological ternary interaction. Organic matter was universally involved in these effects. The interrelations among fouling factors, foulant layer properties and filtration time were comprehensively explored via redundancy analysis, which clearly delineated the fouling evolution into three major stages: Stage I (0-1 d) for initial fouling mainly due to rapid organic adsorption; Stage II (1-10 d) mainly for the gradual growth of Ca-organic combined fouling; and Stage III (10-30 d) for the eventual maturation of biofouling. These may provide foundations for a targeted fouling control based on foulant type or fouling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengchen Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunhong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Lin D, Yan Z, Tang X, Wang J, Liang H, Li G. Inorganic coagulant induced gypsum scaling in nanofiltration process: Effects of coagulant concentration, coagulant conditioning time and fouling strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:685-695. [PMID: 30921708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration is routinely applied as an advanced water treatment technology after conventional water treatment. However, the residual coagulant after coagulation process may affect the nanofiltration process and to our best of knowledge, few studies focused on this phenomenon. To address such issues, ferric and aluminum ions were adopted as the model coagulant, and the influences of coagulant concentrations, coagulant conditioning time and fouling strategies on gypsum scaling were systematically investigated. The results indicated that coagulant conditioned on the membrane surface could improve membrane flux, enhance scaling, and increase the conductivity of permeate. The contents of coagulant accumulated on the membrane surface gradually increased with its increasing concentration in feed solution and extending conditioning time, resulting in severer scaling and flux decline. Interestingly, the formation of heterogeneous scaling layer will contribute to membrane fouling alleviation and prevent the further flux decline regardless of the ongoing increase of coagulant concentrations in the feed water as well as on the membrane surface. As a result, a critical value of coagulant concentrations in the feed water was obtained in present conditions. Furthermore, it's found that successive fouling strategy could lead to less gypsum scaling but severer flux decline, compared to simultaneous fouling strategy. Both the scaling quantity and scaling morphologies conferred significant influence on the flux decline. It is suggested that the concentrations of coagulant should be strictly controlled prior to nanofiltration process, especially with practical relevance for the applications of it in treating the water rich in calcium ions and sulfate anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhongsen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Makehelwala M, Wei Y, Weragoda SK, Weerasooriya R, Zheng L. Characterization of dissolved organic carbon in shallow groundwater of chronic kidney disease affected regions in Sri Lanka. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:865-875. [PMID: 30743972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Number of Chronic Kidney Disease patients with no identifiable cause (Chronic Kidney Disease Unknown Aetiology, CKDu) are escalating in the North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka. This study examined distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in shallow groundwater of three CKDu risk zones (high risk, HR; low risk, LR and no risk, NR) and a control zone (CR) from wet to dry seasons. The interactions of DOC with calcium and magnesium ions and metabolites of selected pesticides were also examined. The lowest CODMnDOC values of 0.60 ± 0.19, 0.58 ± 0.17 were reported in the DOC of the HR water in the wet and dry seasons, respectively, and this DOC fraction encompasses organic compounds with the lowest labile C with the highest aromaticity. Four distinct fluorescence DOC fractions in the HR water were identified with fulvic acid component associated as dominant non-labile C fraction. The essential building blocks of non-labile C were concentrated into molecular weight (MW) fraction II (900-1800 Da). The DOC source in all groundwater was identified as autochthonous (fluorescence index > 1.8). In the HR water, pentachlorophenol (PCP) was also detected in appreciable quantities. The factor loadings based on principal component analysis (PCA) showed a positive correlation between DOC and sulfate, calcium, total iron, PCP in the HR groundwater. Accordingly, it can be inferred that divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) abundant in the HR groundwater interact with phenolate and carboxylate functional groups in DOC at alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhubhashini Makehelwala
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | | | - Rohan Weerasooriya
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hanthana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka
| | - Libing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Chang H, Liu B, Yang B, Yang X, Guo C, He Q, Liang S, Chen S, Yang P. An integrated coagulation-ultrafiltration-nanofiltration process for internal reuse of shale gas flowback and produced water. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lu KG, Huang H. Dependence of initial silica scaling on the surface physicochemical properties of reverse osmosis membranes during bench-scale brackish water desalination. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:358-367. [PMID: 30550866 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silica scaling of reverse osmosis membranes in brackish water desalination is less understood than hardness scaling due to the complex silica behaviors at the membrane/water interface. In this study, -COOH, -SO3H, -NH2 and -OH functional groups were introduced onto polyamide membranes to create distinct surface physicochemical properties. The resulting membranes were further studied under similar scaling conditions to yield temporal flux loss data that were empirically interpreted by a logistic growth model. The scaled membranes were also characterized by complementary analytical techniques. It was found that permeate flux loss was strongly correlated to the initial silica layer formed by direct interaction between reactive silanol (Si-OH) and reciprocal groups on the membrane surface, rather than the entire scaling layer. Importantly, membrane surface properties dictated the initial silica layer formation through three possible mechanisms, i.e., electrostatic repulsion, competitive adsorption, and interfacial energy change. Of these, electrostatic repulsion was identified as the primary one. Therefore, by modifying the membrane surface properties, the three aforementioned mechanisms may be enhanced to favor the formation of a loose, disordered initial silica scaling layer. Accordingly, membrane flux loss may be mitigated. This finding provided important insights into the design heuristics of scaling-resistant reverse osmosis membrane for brackish water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ge Lu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haiou Huang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The John Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, MD, 21205, USA.
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Bai L, Liu Y, Bossa N, Ding A, Ren N, Li G, Liang H, Wiesner MR. Incorporation of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) into the Polyamide Layer of Thin-Film Composite (TFC) Nanofiltration Membranes for Enhanced Separation Performance and Antifouling Properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11178-11187. [PMID: 30175584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To achieve greater separation performance and antifouling properties in a thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membrane, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were incorporated into the polyamide layer of a TFC membrane for the first time. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful formation of the CNC-polyamide composite layer. Surface characterization results revealed differences in the morphologies of the CNC-TFC membranes compared with a control membrane (CNC-TFC-0). Streaming potential measurements and molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) characterizations showed that the CNC-TFC membranes exhibited a greater negative surface charge and a smaller MWCO as the CNC content increased. The CNC-TFC membranes showed enhanced hydrophilicity and increased permeability. With the incorporation of only 0.020 wt % CNCs, the permeability of the CNC-TFC membrane increased by 60.0% over that of the polyamide TFC without CNC. Rejection of Na2SO4 and MgSO4 by the CNC-TFC membranes was similar to that observed for the CNC-TFC-0 membrane, at values of approximately 98.7% and 98.8%, respectively, indicating that divalent salt rejection was not sacrificed. The monovalent ion rejection tended to increase as the CNC content increased. In addition, the CNC-TFC membranes exhibited enhanced antifouling properties due to their increased hydrophilicity and more negatively charged surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE) , Harbin Institute of Technology , 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District , Harbin , 150090 , P.R. China
| | - Yatao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE) , Harbin Institute of Technology , 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District , Harbin , 150090 , P.R. China
| | - Nathan Bossa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - An Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE) , Harbin Institute of Technology , 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District , Harbin , 150090 , P.R. China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE) , Harbin Institute of Technology , 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District , Harbin , 150090 , P.R. China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE) , Harbin Institute of Technology , 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District , Harbin , 150090 , P.R. China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE) , Harbin Institute of Technology , 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District , Harbin , 150090 , P.R. China
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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Experimental simulation of continuous nanofiltration processes by means of a single module in batch mode. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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