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New Insights into the Mechanical Behavior of Thin-Film Composite Polymeric Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214657. [PMID: 36365649 PMCID: PMC9654508 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited predictions of thin-film composite (TFC) membranes’ behavior and functional life exist due to the lack of accurate data on their mechanical behavior under different operational conditions. A comprehensive investigation of the mechanical behavior of TFC membranes addressing deformation and failure, temperature and strain rate sensitivity, and anisotropy is presented. Tensile tests were conducted on commercial membranes as well as on individual membrane layers prepared in our laboratories. The results reveal the overall mechanical strength of the membrane is provided by the polyester layer (bottom layer), while the rupture stress for the middle and top layers is at least 10 times smaller than that of the polyester layer. High anisotropic behavior was observed and is attributed to the nonwoven structure of the polyester layer. Rupture stress in the transverse (90°) direction was one-third of the rupture stress in the casting direction. Limited temperature and strain rate dependence was observed in the temperature range that exists during operation. Scanning electron microscopy images of the fractured surfaces were also analyzed and correlated with the mechanical behavior. The presented results provide new insights into the mechanical behavior of thin-film composite membranes and can be used to inform novel membrane designs and fabrication techniques.
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2
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Martinez J, Fan S, Rabade S, Blevins AK, Fung K, Killgore JP, Perez SB, Youngbear K, Carbrello C, Foley S, Ding X, Long R, Castro R, Ding Y. Capillary infiltration kinetics in highly asymmetric porous membranes and the resulting debonding behaviors. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Macrovoid resolved simulations of transport through HPRO relevant membrane geometries. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Fan S, Blevins A, Martinez J, Ding Y. Effects of Co-diluent on the pore structure, patterning fidelity, and properties of membranes fabricated by lithographically templated thermally induced phase separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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McIntee OM, Welch BC, Greenberg AR, George SM, Bright VM. Elastic modulus of polyamide thin films formed by molecular layer deposition. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Application of dextran to manipulate formation mechanism, morphology, and performance of ultrafiltration membranes. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Martinez J, Aghajani M, Lu Y, Blevins AK, Fan S, Wang M, Killgore JP, Perez SB, Patel J, Carbrello C, Foley S, Sylvia R, Long R, Castro R, Ding Y. Capillary bonding of membranes by viscous polymers: Infiltration kinetics and mechanical integrity of the bonded polymer/membrane structures. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Kleffner C, Braun G, Antonyuk S. High‐Pressure Reverse Osmosis for Industrial Water Recycling: Permeate‐Sided Pressure Drop as Performance‐Limiting Factor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerd Braun
- TH Köln Betzdorfer Straße 2 50679 Cologne Germany
| | - Sergiy Antonyuk
- TU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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9
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Droplet breakup mechanisms in premix membrane emulsification and related microfluidic channels. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 290:102393. [PMID: 33770649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Premix membrane emulsification (PME) is a pressure driven process of droplet breakup, caused by their motion through membrane pores. The process is widely used for high-throughput production of sized-controlled emulsion droplets and microparticles using low energy inputs. The resultant droplet size depends on numerous process, membrane, and formulation factors such as flow velocity in pores, number of extrusions, initial droplet size, internal membrane geometry, wettability of pore walls, and physical properties of emulsion. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different mechanisms of droplet deformation and breakup in membranes with versatile pore morphologies including sintered glass and ceramic filters, SPG and polymeric membranes with sponge-like structures, micro-engineered metallic membranes with ordered straight-through pore arrays, and dynamic membranes composed of unconsolidated particles. Fundamental aspects of droplet motion and breakup in idealized pore networks have also been covered including droplet disruption in T-junctions, channel constrictions, and obstructed channels. The breakup mechanisms due to shear interactions with pore walls and localized shear (direct breaking) or due to interfacial tension effects and Rayleigh-Plateau instability (indirect breaking) are systematically discussed based on recent experimental and numerical studies. Non-dimensional droplet size correlations based on capillary, Weber, and Ohnesorge numbers are also presented.
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Vatanpour V, Mousavi Khadem SS, Dehqan A, Al-Naqshabandi MA, Ganjali MR, Sadegh Hassani S, Rashid MR, Saeb MR, Dizge N. Efficient removal of dyes and proteins by nitrogen-doped porous graphene blended polyethersulfone nanocomposite membranes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127892. [PMID: 32822943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped porous graphene oxide (N-PGO) was synthesized, characterized, and applied as a hydrophilic nanomaterial in fabrication of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for Reactive Red 195 dye and bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein separation. The N-PGO nanosheets not merely showed a good adhesion towards polymers, but simultaneously promoted hydrogen bonding action. Therefore, high-efficiency permeation passageway in the separation layer of membranes was attained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses approved nitrogen doping, which increased hydrophilicity and hydrogen bonding ability of PGO in water filtration. The pure water permeation of nanocomposite membranes could reach as high as 190 L m-2 h-1 at 3 bar. A dye rejection efficiency higher than 92% and BSA rejection higher than 95% were accordingly obtained. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images approved formation of a rough surface that was decreased by addition of low amounts of the PGO. SEM images provided from the surface also confirmed enlarged pore size and increased porosity. Antifouling properties were investigated by BSA filtration, and results showed that the flux recovery ratio of the N-PGO membrane was improved. Overall, the N-PGO hybrid membranes exhibited potential for application in separation of typical proteins and dyes with good antifouling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Vatanpour
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 15719-14911, Iran.
| | - Seyed Soroush Mousavi Khadem
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Dehqan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 15719-14911, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731 Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Sadegh Hassani
- Catalysis Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Blvd. Azadi Sport Complex, P.O. Box 14665-137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rashid
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Blvd. Azadi Sport Complex, P.O. Box 14665-137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, 33343, Turkey
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11
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Jung JT, Wang HH, Kim JF, Jeon SM, Park SH, Lee WH, Moon SJ, Drioli E, Lee YM. Microfiber aligned hollow fiber membranes from immiscible polymer solutions by phase inversion. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Patterning flat-sheet Poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane using templated thermally induced phase separation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Superhydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride membrane with hierarchical surface structures fabricated via nanoimprint and nanoparticle grafting. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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15
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Aghajani M, Greenberg AR, Ding Y. Thin film composite membranes: Does the porous support truly have negligible resistance? J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Real-time detection of early-stage calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate scaling using Raman spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Pressure-retarded membrane distillation for low-grade heat recovery: The critical roles of pressure-induced membrane deformation. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Supekar OD, Brown JJ, Greenberg AR, Gopinath JT, Bright VM. Real-Time Detection of Reverse-Osmosis Membrane Scaling via Raman Spectroscopy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omkar D. Supekar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joseph J. Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Alan R. Greenberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Juliet T. Gopinath
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Victor M. Bright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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19
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CO2 separation performance of different diameter polytetrafluoroethylene hollow fiber membranes using gas-liquid membrane contacting system. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Aghajani M, Wang M, Cox LM, Killgore JP, Greenberg AR, Ding Y. Influence of support-layer deformation on the intrinsic resistance of thin film composite membranes. J Memb Sci 2018; 567:10.1016/j.memsci.2018.09.031. [PMID: 30983687 PMCID: PMC6459622 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the overall permeation resistance of thin film composite (TFC) membranes is dictated by the crosslinked, ultrathin polyamide barrier layer, while the porous support merely serves as the mechanical support. Although this assumption might be the case under low transmembrane pressure, it becomes questionable under high transmembrane pressure. A highly porous support normally yields under a pressure of a few MPa, which can result in a significant level of compressive strain that may significantly increase the resistance to permeation. However, quantifying the influence of porous support deformation on the overall resistance of the TFC membrane is challenging. In particular, it is difficult to determine the deformation/strain of the membrane during active separation. In this study, we use nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to achieve precise compressive deformation in commercial TFC membranes. By adjusting the NIL conditions, membranes were compressed to strain levels up to 60%. SEM and AFM measurements showed that the compression had minimal impact on the barrier-layer surface morphology and total surface area with most of the deformation occurring in the support layer. DI water permeation measurements revealed that the water flux reduction decreases with an increase of strain level. Most significantly, the intrinsic membrane resistance showed negligible changes at strain levels lower than 30%-40%, but increased exponentially at higher strain levels, reaching 250%-500% of pristine (unstrained) membrane values. Using a resistance-in-series model, the strain dependency of the TFC membrane resistance can be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Aghajani
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0427, USA
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA
| | - Lewis M. Cox
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Jason P. Killgore
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Alan R. Greenberg
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0427, USA
| | - Yifu Ding
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0427, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA
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21
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Abolhassani M, Griggs CS, Gurtowski LA, Mattei-Sosa JA, Nevins M, Medina VF, Morgan TA, Greenlee LF. Scalable Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Membranes: The Effect of GO Size on Properties and Cross-Flow Filtration Performance. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8751-8759. [PMID: 31457405 PMCID: PMC6645527 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS)-graphene oxide (GO) composite films were fabricated, characterized, and evaluated as pressure-driven water filtration membranes. GO particles were incorporated into a chitosan polymer solution to form a suspension that was cast as a membrane via evaporative phase inversion allowing for scale-up for cross-flow testing conditions. Morphology and composition results for nano and granular GO in the CS matrix indicate that the particle size of GO impacts the internal membrane morphology as well as the structural order and the chemical composition. Performance of the membranes was evaluated with cationic and anionic organic probe molecules and revealed charge-dependent mechanisms of dye removal. The CSGO membranes had rejections of at least 95% for cationic methylene blue with mass balances obtained from measurements of the feed, concentrate, and permeate. This result suggests the dominant mechanism of removal is physical rejection for both GO particle sizes. For anionic methyl orange, the results indicate sorption as the dominant mechanism of removal, and performance is dependent on both GO particle size and time, with micrometer-scale GO removing 68-99% and nanometer-scale GO showing modest removal of 29-64%. The pure water flux for CSGO composite membranes ranged from 2-4.5 L/m2 h at a transmembrane pressure of 344 kPa (3.44 bar), with pure water permeance ranging from 5.8 × 10-3 to 0.01 L/m2 h kPa (0.58-1.3 L/m2 h bar). Based on the 41 μm membrane thickness obtained from microscopy, the hydraulic permeability ranged from 0.24-0.54 L μm/m2 h kPa (24.4-54.1 L μm/m2 h bar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Abolhassani
- Ralph
E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, 3202 Bell Engineering
Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Chris S. Griggs
- U.S.
Army Engineer Research Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Luke A. Gurtowski
- U.S.
Army Engineer Research Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Jose A. Mattei-Sosa
- U.S.
Army Engineer Research Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Michelle Nevins
- U.S.
Army Engineer Research Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
- State
University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Victor F. Medina
- U.S.
Army Engineer Research Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Timothy A. Morgan
- Institute
for Nanoscience and Engineering, University
of Arkansas, 731 W Dickson
Street, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Lauren F. Greenlee
- Ralph
E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, 3202 Bell Engineering
Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: 4987-575-5976. Fax: 479-575-7926
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22
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Hutfles J, Chapman W, Pellegrino J. Roll‐to‐roll nanoimprint lithography of ultrafiltration membrane. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hutfles
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado‐BoulderBoulder Colorado80309
| | - Wesley Chapman
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado‐BoulderBoulder Colorado80309
| | - John Pellegrino
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado‐BoulderBoulder Colorado80309
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