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Mudugamuwa A, Roshan U, Hettiarachchi S, Cha H, Musharaf H, Kang X, Trinh QT, Xia HM, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Periodic Flows in Microfluidics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404685. [PMID: 39246195 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidics, the science and technology of manipulating fluids in microscale channels, offers numerous advantages, such as low energy consumption, compact device size, precise control, fast reaction, and enhanced portability. These benefits have led to applications in biomedical assays, disease diagnostics, drug discovery, neuroscience, and so on. Fluid flow within microfluidic channels is typically in the laminar flow region, which is characterized by low Reynolds numbers but brings the challenge of efficient mixing of fluids. Periodic flows are time-dependent fluid flows, featuring repetitive patterns that can significantly improve fluid mixing and extend the effective length of microchannels for submicron and nanoparticle manipulation. Besides, periodic flow is crucial in organ-on-a-chip (OoC) for accurately modeling physiological processes, advancing disease understanding, drug development, and personalized medicine. Various techniques for generating periodic flows have been reported, including syringe pumps, peristalsis, and actuation based on electric, magnetic, acoustic, mechanical, pneumatic, and fluidic forces, yet comprehensive reviews on this topic remain limited. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of periodic flows in microfluidics, from fundamental mechanisms to generation techniques and applications. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed to exploit the potential of periodic flows in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amith Mudugamuwa
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Uditha Roshan
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Samith Hettiarachchi
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Hafiz Musharaf
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Xiaoyue Kang
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Huan Ming Xia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
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Martí-Calatayud M, Heßler R, Schneider S, Bohner C, Yüce S, Wessling M, de Sena R, Athayde Júnior G. Transients of micropollutant removal from high-strength wastewaters in PAC-assisted MBR and MBR coupled with high-retention membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tang J, Jia H, Mu S, Gao F, Qin Q, Wang J. Characterizing synergistic effect of coagulant aid and membrane fouling during coagulation-ultrafiltration via in-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115477. [PMID: 31945650 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The polymer coagulant aid can effectively enhance the coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process for the purification of drinking water. However, when coagulant aid entered the filtration, it may also cause serious membrane fouling as polymer. In-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were applied to monitor the effects of coagulant aids on the membrane. The causes of fouling were assisted discussed through stage cleaning of the membrane. The equivalent circuit fitting was performed on the EIS data and the Raman spectral data were statistically analyzed after peak fitting. EIS and the cluster analysis of Raman spectroscopy provided an earlier feedback on membrane fouling layers compared to flux. The cause of membrane fouling was explained via variation of characteristic functional groups obtained by Raman spectroscopy. When the molecular weight of the coagulant aid was 160 times,80 times and 16 times larger than the MWCO of the UF membrane, the equivalent circuit obtained by fitting the EIS of the UF system satisfied Rs + c(QpRp), Rs(QcRc)(QpRp) and Rs(Qt(Rc(QpRp))) respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed that the corresponding factors causing irreversible fouling of membrane were humic acid(HA), HA and coagulant aids, coagulant aids. Combined with the mean roughness (Ra) of membrane, the coagulant aid performed differently in the cleaning of contaminated membrane and also affected the cleaning of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Situ Mu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Qingwen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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Martí-Calatayud MC, Schneider S, Yüce S, Wessling M. Interplay between physical cleaning, membrane pore size and fluid rheology during the evolution of fouling in membrane bioreactors. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:393-402. [PMID: 30336342 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fouling is one of the most pressing limitations during operation of membrane bioreactors, as it increases operating costs and is the cause of short membrane lifespans. Conducting effective physical cleanings is thus essential for keeping membrane operation above viable performance limits. The nature of organic foulants present in the sludge and the membrane properties are among the most influential factors determining fouling development and thus, efficiency of fouling mitigation approaches. The role of other factors like sludge viscosity on fouling is still unclear, given that contradictory effects have been reported in the literature. In the present study we use a new research approach by which the complex interplay between fouling type, levels of permeate flux, membrane material and feed properties is analyzed, and the influence of these factors on critical flux and membrane permeability is evaluated. A variety of systems including activated sludge and model solutions with distinct rheological behavior has been investigated for two membranes differing in pore size distribution. We present a novel method for assessing the efficiency of fouling removal by backwash and compare it with the efficiency achieved by means of relaxation. Results obtained have proven that backwash delays development of critical fouling as compared with relaxation and reduces fouling irreversibility regardless of fluid rheology. It was shown that backwash is especially effective for membranes for which internal fouling is the main cause of loss in permeability. Nonetheless, we found out that for membranes with tight pores, both relaxation and backwash are equally effective. The critical flux decreases significantly for high-viscosity fluids, such as activated sludge. This effect is mainly caused by an intensified concentration polarization at the feed side rather than by internal fouling events. However, membrane permeability has been proven to rely more on the permeate viscosity than on the feed viscosity: poor rejection of organic fractions showcasing high viscosity causes an acute decline in membrane permeability as a consequence of increased shear stress inside the membrane pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Martí-Calatayud
- Universitat Politècnica de València, IEC Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica i Nuclear, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain; RWTH Aachen University, Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - S Schneider
- RWTH Aachen University, Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Yüce
- RWTH Aachen University, Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Wessling
- RWTH Aachen University, Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany; DWI Interactive Materials Research, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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