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Perveen S, Hussain SG, Ahmed MJ, Khawar R, Siraj TB, Saleem M. A Viable and sustainable flat- membrane plate-and-frame module for spent acid regeneration and metal ion recovery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18344. [PMID: 37520977 PMCID: PMC10382638 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides techno-economical insights for acid regeneration and metal recovery from spent acidic wastewater by a diffusion dialysis plate-and-frame module using Quaternized Polyepichlorohydrin - Polyacrylonitrile (QPECH-PAN) membranes. Quaternized Polyepichlorohydrin (QPECH) membranes were synthesized using 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and blended with polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Said membranes were analyzed in terms of their mechanical, physicochemical, and electrochemical characteristics, providing significant results comparable to the commercial membranes (IEC: 1.76 mmol/g, SD: 60.91%, Permselectivity: 79.5 ± 0.31%, and transport no. t(-): 0.5). Mechanical characterization reveals that the QPECH-PAN membranes possess comparable mechanical strengths (tensile strength: 329.56 MPa). Further, sheet resistivity (6.11 Ω cm2) and conductivity (0.16 S/cm2) reveal the relative conductive nature of these membranes. Percent acid recovery and metal ion recovery ratios were found to be 72% and 48% respectively, and separation factors were 126.8 and 84.57 respectively. The QPECH-PAN membrane's techno-economic feasibility was also analyzed within the context of a textile industry processing up to 5500 kg/d of acidic wastewater. It indicates a potential cost saving of US $0.53 million on H2SO4 and NaOH, as well as an OPEX saving of 40.91% against a semi-continuous acid neutralizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering & Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghazanfar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering & Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muzamil Jalil Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering & Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ruba Khawar
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering & Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Taha Bin Siraj
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering & Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering & Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
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Shen H, Gong Y, Chen W, Wei X, Li P, Cheng C. Anion Exchange Membrane Based on BPPO/PECH with Net Structure for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108596. [PMID: 37239945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the performance of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) used in acid recovery from industrial wastewater, this study adopted a new strategy in which brominated poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyleneoxide) (BPPO) and polyepichlorohydrin (PECH) were used as the polymer backbone of the prepared membrane. The new anion exchange membrane with a net structure was formed by quaternizing BPPO/PECH with N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMHD). The application performance and physicochemical property of the membrane were adjusted by changing the content of PECH. The experimental study found that the prepared anion exchange membrane had good mechanical performance, thermostability, acid resistance and an appropriate water absorption and expansion ratio. The acid dialysis coefficient (UH+) of anion exchange membranes with different contents of PECH and BPPO was 0.0173-0.0262 m/h at 25 °C. The separation factors (S) of the anion exchange membranes were 24.6 to 27.0 at 25 °C. Compared with the commercial BPPO membrane (DF-120B), the prepared membrane had higher values of UH+ and S in this paper. In conclusion, this work indicated that the prepared BPPO/PECH anion exchange membrane had the potential for acid recovery using the DD method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Shen
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yifei Gong
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xianbiao Wei
- Department of Mathematics & Physics, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Congliang Cheng
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
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Rathod NH, Upadhyay P, Pal S, Kulshrestha V. Highly Cross-Linked butene grafted poly (Vinyl Alcohol)–co-Vinyl pyridine based anion exchange membrane for improved acid recovery and desalination efficiency. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Liu M, Wang J, Liu J, Feng Z, Liao S, Li X, Cao M. Tuning side group structures of series-connected di-cations to achieve improved electrodialysis acid recovery performances. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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5
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Ren Y, Zhang A, Li L, Ma L, Jin Q, Yuan M, He G, Zhang F. Hydrogen bonding promoted electrodialysis performance of a novel blend anion exchange membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Ruan H, Yu L, Yao Y, Li J, Yan J, Liao J, Shen J. Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Anion Exchange Membranes with Improved Antifouling Potentials and Reduced Swelling Ratios for Electrodialysis Application. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ruan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuyang Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianlang Yan
- Shaoxing Zhongchang Chemical Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Junbin Liao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiangnan Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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7
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Influence of hydrophobic components tuning of poly (aryl ether sulfone)s ionomers based anion exchange membranes on diffusion dialysis for acid recovery. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Du H, Xie L, Liu J, Xu S. Concentration of mixed acid by electrodialysis for the intensification of absorption process in acrylic acid production. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Pan J, Wei B, Xie H, Feng J, Liao S, Li X, Yu Y. Hexyl-modified series-connected bipyridine and DABCO di-cations functionalized anion exchange membranes for electrodialysis desalination. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Honarparvar S, Zhang X, Chen T, Alborzi A, Afroz K, Reible D. Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:246. [PMID: 33805438 PMCID: PMC8066301 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Climate change, population growth, and increased industrial activities are exacerbating freshwater scarcity and leading to increased interest in desalination of saline water. Brackish water is an attractive alternative to freshwater due to its low salinity and widespread availability in many water-scarce areas. However, partial or total desalination of brackish water is essential to reach the water quality requirements for a variety of applications. Selection of appropriate technology requires knowledge and understanding of the operational principles, capabilities, and limitations of the available desalination processes. Proper combination of feedwater technology improves the energy efficiency of desalination. In this article, we focus on pressure-driven and electro-driven membrane desalination processes. We review the principles, as well as challenges and recent improvements for reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED), and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). RO is the dominant membrane process for large-scale desalination of brackish water with higher salinity, while ED and MCDI are energy-efficient for lower salinity ranges. Selective removal of multivalent components makes NF an excellent option for water softening. Brackish water desalination with membrane processes faces a series of challenges. Membrane fouling and scaling are the common issues associated with these processes, resulting in a reduction in their water recovery and energy efficiency. To overcome such adverse effects, many efforts have been dedicated toward development of pre-treatment steps, surface modification of membranes, use of anti-scalant, and modification of operational conditions. However, the effectiveness of these approaches depends on the fouling propensity of the feed water. In addition to the fouling and scaling, each process may face other challenges depending on their state of development and maturity. This review provides recent advances in the material, architecture, and operation of these processes that can assist in the selection and design of technologies for particular applications. The active research directions to improve the performance of these processes are also identified. The review shows that technologies that are tunable and particularly efficient for partial desalination such as ED and MCDI are increasingly competitive with traditional RO processes. Development of cost-effective ion exchange membranes with high chemical and mechanical stability can further improve the economy of desalination with electro-membrane processes and advance their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Honarparvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.H.); (X.Z.); (T.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.H.); (X.Z.); (T.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Tianyu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.H.); (X.Z.); (T.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Ashkan Alborzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Khurshida Afroz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.H.); (X.Z.); (T.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.H.); (X.Z.); (T.C.); (K.A.)
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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11
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Long side-chain type partially cross-linked poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) anion exchange membranes for desalination via electrodialysis. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Xu Y, Yu S, Peng G, Sotto A, Ruan H, Shen J, Gao C. Novel crosslinked brominated polyphenylene oxide composite nanofiltration membranes with organic solvent permeability and swelling property. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Yu S, Zhu J, Liao J, Ruan H, Sotto A, Shen J. Homogeneous trimethylamine-quaternized polysulfone-based anion exchange membranes with crosslinked structure for electrodialysis desalination. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Temperature resistant cross-linked brominated poly phenylene oxide-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite anion exchange membrane for desalination. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Li Z, Li C, Long C, Sang J, Tian L, Wang F, Wang Z, Zhu H. Elastic and durable multi‐cation‐crosslinked anion exchange membrane based on poly(styrene‐
b
‐(ethylene‐
co
‐butylene)‐
b
‐styrene). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Conghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Chuan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jing Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Lin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Fanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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16
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Liao J, Chen Q, Pan N, Yu X, Gao X, Shen J, Gao C. Amphoteric blend ion-exchange membranes for separating monovalent and bivalent anions in electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Yang K, Xu J, Shui T, Zhang Z, Wang H, Liu Q, Chen W, Shen H, Zhang H, Wang Z, Ni H. Cross-linked poly (aryl ether ketone) anion exchange membrane with high ion conductivity by two different functional imidazole side chain. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Wei B, Feng J, Chen C, Zhong S, Liao S, Yu Y, Li X. Highly permselective tadpole-type ionic anion exchange membranes for electrodialysis desalination. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Wang L, Liu Y, Wang J. Crosslinked anion exchange membrane with improved membrane stability and conductivity for alkaline fuel cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans‐Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ying Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans‐Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jianyou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans‐Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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McGrath MJ, Patterson N, Manubay BC, Hardy SH, Malecha JJ, Shi Z, Yue X, Xing X, Funke HH, Gin DL, Liu P, Noble RD. 110th Anniversary: The Dehydration and Loss of Ionic Conductivity in Anion Exchange Membranes Due to FeCl 4– Ion Exchange and the Role of Membrane Microstructure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McGrath
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nicholas Patterson
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California—San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Bryce C. Manubay
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Samantha H. Hardy
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - John J. Malecha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Zhangxing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiujun Yue
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California—San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Xing Xing
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California—San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Hans H. Funke
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Douglas L. Gin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California—San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Richard D. Noble
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Hao L, Wang C, Chen Q, Yu X, Liao J, Shen J, Gao C. A facile approach to fabricate composite anion exchange membranes with enhanced ionic conductivity and dimensional stability for electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Pal S, Mondal R, Guha S, Chatterjee U, Jewrajka SK. Homogeneous phase crosslinked poly(acrylonitrile-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) conetwork cation exchange membranes showing high electrochemical properties and electrodialysis performance. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Amphoteric ion-exchange membranes with superior mono-/bi-valent anion separation performance for electrodialysis applications. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhu J, Liao J, Jin W, Luo B, Shen P, Sotto A, Shen J, Gao C. Effect of functionality of cross-linker on sulphonated polysulfone cation exchange membranes for electrodialysis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Hao L, Liao J, Liu Y, Ruan H, Sotto A, der Bruggen BV, Shen J. Highly conductive anion exchange membranes with low water uptake and performance evaluation in electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Liao J, Zhu J, Yang S, Pan N, Yu X, Wang C, Li J, Shen J. Long-side-chain type imidazolium-functionalized fluoro-methyl poly(arylene ether ketone) anion exchange membranes with superior electrodialysis performance. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Liu Y, Yang S, Chen Y, Liao J, Pan J, Sotto A, Shen J. Preparation of water-based anion-exchange membrane from PVA for anti-fouling in the electrodialysis process. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Jiang Y, Liao J, Yang S, Li J, Xu Y, Ruan H, Sotto A, Van der Bruggen B, Shen J. Stable cycloaliphatic quaternary ammonium-tethered anion exchange membranes for electrodialysis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Pan J, Ding J, Zheng Y, Gao C, Van der Bruggen B, Shen J. One-pot approach to prepare internally cross-linked monovalent selective anion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Hu EN, Lin CX, Liu FH, Wang XQ, Zhang QG, Zhu AM, Liu QL. Poly(arylene ether nitrile) anion exchange membranes with dense flexible ionic side chain for fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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