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Liang S, Fu K, Li X, Wang Z. Unveiling the spatiotemporal dynamics of membrane fouling: A focused review on dynamic fouling characterization techniques and future perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103179. [PMID: 38754212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Membrane technology has emerged as a crucial method for obtaining clean water from unconventional sources in the face of water scarcity. It finds wide applications in wastewater treatment, advanced treatment, and desalination of seawater and brackish water. However, membrane fouling poses a huge challenge that limits the development of membrane-based water treatment technologies. Characterizing the dynamics of membrane fouling is crucial for understanding its development, mechanisms, and effective mitigation. Instrumental techniques that enable in situ or real-time characterization of the dynamics of membrane fouling provide insights into the temporal and spatial evolution of fouling, which play a crucial role in understanding the fouling mechanism and the formulation of membrane control strategies. This review consolidates existing knowledge about the principal advanced instrumental analysis technologies employed to characterize the dynamics of membrane fouling, in terms of membrane structure, morphology, and intermolecular forces. Working principles, applications, and limitations of each technique are discussed, enabling researchers to select appropriate methods for their specific studies. Furthermore, prospects for the future development of dynamic characterization techniques for membrane fouling are discussed, underscoring the need for continued research and innovation in this field to overcome the challenges posed by membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kunkun Fu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Park S, Hong SM, Park J, You S, Lee Y, Kim E, Cho KH. Evaluating an on-line cleaning agent for mitigating organic fouling in a reverse osmosis membrane. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130033. [PMID: 33676278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cleaning-in-place (CIP) is a representative fouling management process from which the filtration performances of fouled membranes can be recovered. However, CIP can cause significant inefficiency in water production because frequent system restabilization is necessary for cleaning processes. This study applied a newly developed on-line cleaning agent (OCA, a feed water additive for fouling mitigation), to reduce the number of CIP by enhancing water productivity. Reverse osmosis filtration was performed to evaluate the effect of on-line cleaning on the mitigation of organic fouling originating from humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin. OCA increased the permeate flux in proportion to OCA concentration. In particular, OCA effectively reduced the fouling layer thickness by 22% when fouling was influenced by HA-Ca2+ complexation, increasing water production by 5%. It also had a minor influence on bovine serum albumin fouling, producing a 1.4% increase in permeate flux. Furthermore, the pore blockage-cake filtration model was used to evaluate OCA cleaning performance through the reduction in fouling layer resistance and the growth parameter. The results demonstrated the advantages of OCA utilization for mitigating cake layer development. These findings imply that OCA can be an effective cleaning additive, especially in seawater and groundwater treatment processes with a high proportion of HA and calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Park
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Min Hong
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunam You
- Corporate R&D Institute, Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, 16858, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggeun Lee
- Corporate R&D Institute, Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, 16858, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunggil Kim
- Primetech International Co., Ltd, Chungmin-ro 52, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05839, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Li H, Pang W, Zhou B, Li T, Zhang J, Dong B. Pilot Study on the Combination of Different Pre-Treatments with Nanofiltration for Efficiently Restraining Membrane Fouling While Providing High-Quality Drinking Water. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060380. [PMID: 34073651 PMCID: PMC8224806 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) is a promising post-treatment technology for providing high-quality drinking water. However, membrane fouling remains a challenge to long-term NF in providing high-quality drinking water. Herein, we found that coupling pre-treatments (sand filtration (SF) and ozone-biological activated carbon (O3-BAC)) and NF is a potent tactic against membrane fouling while achieving high-quality drinking water. The pilot results showed that using SF+O3-BAC pre-treated water as the feed water resulted in a lower but a slowly rising transmembrane pressure (TMP) in NF post-treatment, whereas an opposite observation was found when using SF pre-treated water as the feed water. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy determined that the O3-BAC process changed the characteristic of dissolved organic matter (DOM), probably by removing the DOM of lower apparent molecular weight (LMW) and decreasing the biodegradability of water. Moreover, amino acids and tyrosine-like substances which were significantly related to medium and small molecule organics were found as the key foulants to membrane fouling. In addition, the accumulation of powdered activated carbon in O3-BAC pre-treated water on the membrane surface could be the key reason protecting the NF membrane from fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of the Environment and Municipal Administration, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Huiping Li
- School of the Environment and Municipal Administration, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weihai Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (W.P.); (T.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Baiqin Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (W.P.); (T.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of the Environment and Municipal Administration, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bingzhi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (W.P.); (T.L.); (B.D.)
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Ouyang W, Chen T, Shi Y, Tong L, Chen Y, Wang W, Yang J, Xue J. Physico-chemical processes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1350-1377. [PMID: 31529571 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The review scans research articles published in 2018 on physico-chemical processes for water and wastewater treatment. The paper includes eight sections, that is, membrane technology, granular filtration, flotation, adsorption, coagulation/flocculation, capacitive deionization, ion exchange, and oxidation. The membrane technology section further divides into six parts, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis/forward osmosis, and membrane distillation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Totally 266 articles on water and wastewater treatment have been scanned; The review is sectioned into 8 major parts; Membrane technology has drawn the widest attention from the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Ouyang
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tianhao Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yihao Shi
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liangyu Tong
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yangyu Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinkai Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Park S, Baek SS, Pyo J, Pachepsky Y, Park J, Cho KH. Deep neural networks for modeling fouling growth and flux decline during NF/RO membrane filtration. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Li C, Cheng S. Functional group surface modifications for enhancing the formation and performance of exoelectrogenic biofilms on the anode of a bioelectrochemical system. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:1015-1030. [PMID: 31496297 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1662367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Various new energy technologies have been developed to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The bioelectrochemical system (BES), an integrated microbial-electrochemical energy conversion process, is projected to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy technology. However, low power density is still one of the main limiting factors restricting the practical application of BESs. To enhance power output, functional group modification on anode surfaces has been primarily developed to improve the bioelectrochemical performances of BESs in terms of startup, power density, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and coulombic efficiency (CE). This modification could change the anode surface characteristics: roughness, hydrophobicity, biocompatibility, chemical bonding and electrochemically active surface area. This will facilitate bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation and extracellular electron transfer (EET). Additionally, some antibacterial functional groups are applied on air cathodes in order to suppress aerobic biofilms and enhance cathodic oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). Various modification strategies such as: soaking, heat treatment and plasma modification have been reported to introduce functional groups typically as O-, N- and S-containing groups. In this review, the effects of anode functional groups on electroactive bacteria through the whole biofilm formation process are summarized. In addition, the application of those modification technologies to improve bioelectricity generation, resource recovery, bioelectrochemical analysis and the production of value-added chemicals and biofuels is also discussed. Accordingly, this review aims to help scientists select the most appropriate functional groups and up-to-date methods to improve biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shaoan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Park S, Nam T, You J, Kim ES, Choi I, Park J, Cho KH. Evaluating membrane fouling potentials of dissolved organic matter in brackish water. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:65-73. [PMID: 30419468 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isolating dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a preliminary step that improves the accuracy of its characterization. In this study, DOM in brackish water was clearly separated and evaluated by multiple characterization analyses. The sample was divided into three fractions by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (preparative HPLC) according to molecular size. The homogeneity of each fraction was estimated by analytical size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM). Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of each fraction. Py-GC/MS revealed that Fraction 1 consisted of evenly distributed organic matter in order polysaccharides, proteins, polyhydroxy aromatics, lignins, and lipids. However, Fraction 2 was primarily composed of dominant lipids and low portion of proteins, and Fraction 3 was composed predominantly of lignins and lipids. The LC-OCD results showed that Fractions 1 and 2 had similar organic carbon (OC) compositions: a humic substance (ca. 37%), building blocks (ca. 10%), and neutrals (ca. 37%), whereas Fraction 3 contained a high proportion of neutrals (62%). In the fouling experiments, the distinct DOM characteristics in each fraction resulted in different declining flux behaviors, ranked as: Fraction 2 > Fraction 1 > Fraction 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Park
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Nam
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeop You
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sik Kim
- Department of Environmental System Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhwan Choi
- Water Analysis and Research Center, K-water, 34350 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Park
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Park J, Lee S, You J, Park S, Ahn Y, Jung W, Cho KH. Evaluation of fouling in nanofiltration for desalination using a resistance-in-series model and optical coherence tomography. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:349-355. [PMID: 29906726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Resistance-in-series models have been applied to investigate fouling behavior. However, it is difficult to model the influence of morphology on fouling behavior because resistance is indirectly calculated from the water flux and transmembrane pressure. In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was applied to evaluate the resistance of the fouling layer based on fouling morphology. Sodium alginate, humic acid, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with high salts concentrations (conductivity: 23 mS/cm) were used as model foulants. At the same total fouling resistance, BSA showed the highest cake layer thickness (BSA (114.5 μm) > humic acid (53.5 μm) > sodium alginate (20.0 μm)). However, a different order was found for the cake layer resistance (BSA > sodium alginate > humic acid). This indicates that fouling thickness is not correlated with cake layer resistance. According to the Carman-Kozeny equation, fouling layer porosity decreased in the following order: humic acid (0.30) > BSA (0.21) > sodium alginate (0.20). In addition, we provided a specific value that was calculated using the ratio between the fouling thickness and cake layer resistance. The results show that alginic acid induced a stronger cake layer resistance, despite its thin fouling layer, whereas BSA showed a relatively low potential for inducing cake layer resistance. The results obtained in this study could be used for estimating and predicting fouling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkwan Park
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyun Lee
- Department of Environmental Machinery, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeop You
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Park
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Ahn
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonggyu Jung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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