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Vinodh R, Kalanur SS, Natarajan SK, Pollet BG. Recent Advancements of Polymeric Membranes in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (AEMWE): A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092144. [PMID: 37177289 PMCID: PMC10181302 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Water electrolysis coupled with renewable energy is one of the principal methods for producing green hydrogen (or renewable hydrogen). Among the different electrolysis technologies, the evolving anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) shows the utmost promise for the manufacture of green hydrogen in an inexpensive way. In the present review, we highlight the most current and noteworthy achievements of AEMWE, which include the advancements in increasing the polymer anionic conductivity, understanding the mechanism of degradation of AEM, and the design of the electrocatalyst. The important issues affecting the AEMWE behaviour are highlighted, and future constraints and openings are also discussed. Furthermore, this review provides strategies for producing dynamic and robust AEMWE electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajangam Vinodh
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Shankara Sharanappa Kalanur
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Sadesh Kumar Natarajan
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
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2
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Hong S, Kim H, Jang HW, Kim SY, Ahn SH. An electrochemically fabricated cobalt iron oxyhydroxide bifunctional electrode for an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6324-6330. [PMID: 37082962 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00307h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
For an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), exploring bifunctional electrodes with low cost and high efficiency is a crucial task for future renewable energy systems. Herein, we report a simple method to fabricate cobalt iron oxyhydroxide (CozFe1-zOxHy) bifunctional electrodes for AEMWEs. The bifunctional electrodes were prepared via one-pot electrodeposition on Ti paper (TP). By adjusting the electrodeposition conditions, the morphology and composition of CozFe1-zOxHy/TP could be controlled. The Co65Fe35OxHy/TP electrode demonstrated the highest activity for overall water electrolysis owing to the maximized synergy effect between Co and Fe. The bifunctional activities of Co65Fe35OxHy/TP were well retained at -50 and 50 mA cm-2 for 12 h. Co65Fe35OxHy/TP, which shows the highest bifunctional activity, was employed in an AEMWE single cell as the anode and cathode. The AEMWE single cell employing Co65Fe35OxHy/TP showed a current density of 0.605 A cm-2 at a cell voltage of 2.0 Vcell. The calculated energy efficiency of the single cell is 55.7% at 2.0 A cm-2, which is comparable with those of the state-of-the-art AEMWE single cells with bifunctional electrodes. Furthermore, the cell voltage of the single cell with Co65Fe35OxHy/TP showed negligible degradation for 50 h at 0.6 A cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjin Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunki Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Chand K, Paladino O. Recent developments of membranes and electrocatalysts for the hydrogen production by Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysers: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Tinh VDC, Thuc VD, Jeon Y, Gu GY, Kim D. Highly durable poly(arylene piperidinium) composite membranes modified with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for fuel cell and water electrolysis application. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li D, Chu X, Liu L. 绿氢领域电解水制氢聚合物膜材料研究进展及发展建议. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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New crosslinked membranes based on cardo-poly(etherketone) and poly(ethylene imine) for the vanadium redox flow battery. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kou X, Huang Y, Yang Y. Effect of the length and aromaticity of N3-substituent on adsorption performance of imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquids) towards Pd (II). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126623. [PMID: 34271447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) have been deemed as attractive candidates in the field of precious metal adsorption. However, their further performance optimization is hampered by a lack of an inner understanding of the structure-adsorption performance relationship. In this research, electron and charge distributions of the imidazolium cations are tailored by changing the N3-substitute, and their adsorption performances for PdCl42- were optimized accordingly. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism is studied by synthesizing corresponding ionic liquid (IL) monomers and their Pd-adducts. Interestingly, longer N3 alkyl chains lead to more hydrogen bonds with PdCl42-, which is beneficial for adsorption. Whereas, it is unfavorable for attracting anions due to a decrease in electrostatic potential (ESP) around cations caused by longer alkyl chains and aromatic substituents at N3 position. It is worth noting that the ESP around the cations plays a more important role in the adsorption process, which determines the adsorption performance of the imidazolium-based PILs. Thus, the performance optimization of imidazolium-based PILs should mainly focus on increasing the ESP of imidazolium cations in the future. This research highlights the potential of the cationic structure-adsorption performance relationship of PILs, which opens a new avenue to develop adsorbents for the metallurgical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Liu R, Wang J, Che X, Wang T, Aili D, Li Q, Yang J. Facile synthesis and properties of poly(ether ketone cardo)s bearing heterocycle groups for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hamada T, Zhao Y, Yoshimura K, Radulescu A, Ohwada K, Maekawa Y. Hydrophobic Effect on Alkaline Stability of Graft Chains in Ammonium‐type Anion Exchange Membranes Prepared by Radiation‐Induced Graft Polymerization. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hamada
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) 1233 Watanuki Takasaki Gunma 370-1292 Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) 1233 Watanuki Takasaki Gunma 370-1292 Japan
| | - Kimio Yoshimura
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) 1233 Watanuki Takasaki Gunma 370-1292 Japan
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Lichtenbergstraße 1 D-85747 Garching Germany
| | - Kenji Ohwada
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) 1-1-1 Kouto Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Yasunari Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) 1233 Watanuki Takasaki Gunma 370-1292 Japan
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Gohil JM, Dutta K. Structures and properties of polymers in ion exchange membranes for hydrogen generation by water electrolysis. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaydevsinh M. Gohil
- Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (APDDRL) School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Kingshuk Dutta
- Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (APDDRL) School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Bengaluru Karnataka India
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11
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Zhu H, Sun Z, Cao H, Wang B, Zhao J, Pan J, Xu G, Jin Z, Yan F. Highly Conductive and Dimensionally Stable Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Poly(dimethoxybenzene- co-methyl 4-formylbenzoate) Ionomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huixing Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ji Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiyu Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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12
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Hu X, Huang Y, Liu L, Ju Q, Zhou X, Qiao X, Zheng Z, Li N. Piperidinium functionalized aryl ether-free polyaromatics as anion exchange membrane for water electrolysers: Performance and durability. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Solid electrolyte membranes prepared from poly(arylene ether sulfone)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) with various functional end groups for lithium-ion battery. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Wan L, Xu Z, Wang P, Lin Y, Wang B. H2SO4-doped polybenzimidazole membranes for hydrogen production with acid-alkaline amphoteric water electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Advanced Zirfon-type porous separator for a high-rate alkaline electrolyser operating in a dynamic mode. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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16
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High conductivity and alkali-resistant stability of imidazole side chain crosslinked anion exchange membrane. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Lee JW, Lee C, Lee JH, Kim SK, Cho HS, Kim M, Cho WC, Joo JH, Kim CH. Cerium Oxide-Polysulfone Composite Separator for an Advanced Alkaline Electrolyzer. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122821. [PMID: 33261186 PMCID: PMC7759930 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermittent and volatile nature of renewable energy sources threatens the stable operation of power grids, necessitating dynamically operated energy storage. Power-to-gas technology is a promising method for managing electricity variations on a large gigawatt (GW) scale. The electrolyzer is a key component that can convert excess electricity into hydrogen with high flexibility. Recently, organic/inorganic composite separators have been widely used as diaphragm membranes; however, they are prone to increase ohmic resistance and gas crossover, which inhibit electrolyzer efficiency. Here, we show that the ceria nanoparticle and polysulfone composite separator exhibits a low area resistance of 0.16 Ω cm2 and a hydrogen permeability of 1.2 × 10–12 mol cm–1 s–1 bar–1 in 30 wt% potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte, which outperformed the commercial separator, the Zirfon PERL separator. The cell using a 100 nm ceria nanoparticle/polysulfone separator and advanced catalysts has a remarkable capability of 1.84 V at 800 mA cm−2 at 30 wt% and 80 °C. The decrease in the average pore size of 77 nm and high wettability (contact angle 75°) contributed to the reduced ohmic resistance and low gas crossover. These results demonstrate that the use of ceria nanoparticle-based separators can achieve high performance compared to commercial zirconia-based separators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Lee
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Department of Urban, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - ChangSoo Lee
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Jae Hun Lee
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Sang-Kyung Kim
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Advanced Energy and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Cho
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - MinJoong Kim
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Won Chul Cho
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: (W.C.C.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Jong Hoon Joo
- Department of Urban, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
- Department of Advanced Material Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.C.C.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Chang-Hee Kim
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Advanced Energy and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Optimization of the Catalytic Layer for Alkaline Fuel Cells Based on Fumatech Membranes and Ionomer. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells with alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) have gained increasing attention because of the faster reaction kinetics associated with the alkaline environment compared to acidic media. While the development of anion exchange polymer membranes is increasing, the catalytic layer structure and composition of electrodes is of paramount importance to maximize fuel cell performance. In this work, we examine the preparation procedures for electrodes by catalyst-coated substrate to be used with a well-known commercial AAEM, Fumasep® FAA-3, and a commercial ionomer of the same nature (Fumion), both from Fumatech GmbH. The anion exchange procedure, the ionomer concentration in the catalytic layer and also the effect of membrane thickness, are investigated as they are very relevant parameters conditioning the cell behavior. The best power density was achieved upon ion exchange of the ionomer by submerging the electrodes in KCl (isopropyl alcohol/water solution) for at least one hour, two exchange steps, followed by treatment in KOH for 30 min. The optimum ionomer (Fumion) concentration was found to be close to 50 wt%, with a relatively narrow interval of functioning ionomer percentages. These results provide a practical guide for electrode preparation in AAEM-based fuel cell research.
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Park HJ, Lee SY, Lee TK, Kim HJ, Lee YM. N3-butyl imidazolium-based anion exchange membranes blended with Poly(vinyl alcohol) for alkaline water electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Tuning the effects of N1 substituents on the 2-methylimidazolium functionalized polynorbornene alkaline anion exchange membranes. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Manohar M, Kim D. Enhancement of alkaline conductivity and chemical stability of quaternized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) alkaline electrolyte membrane by mild temperature benzyl bromination. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36704-36712. [PMID: 35517919 PMCID: PMC9057035 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06852g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of quaternized polyphenylene oxide (QPPO) based alkaline electrolyte membranes with different degrees of quaternization were synthesized via a benzyl bromination method at mild temperature (75 °C). Quite a high hydroxide conductivity under the reduced water uptake and swelling was exhibited by this method. When the degree of bromination measured from 1H NMR analysis was 30%, the corresponding hydroxide ion conductivity was 0.021 S cm−1. The chemical stability of the QPPO membranes was excellent, showing only 3% weight loss in 3 M NaOH solution during 1 month. The fuel cell performance test under H2/O2 exhibited the power density of 77 mW cm−2 and the current density of 190 mA cm−2 at 70 °C. Such excellent properties of QPPO membranes resulted from the achievement of the quaternization at the benzyl position, specifically. A series of quaternized polyphenylene oxide (QPPO) based alkaline electrolyte membranes with different degrees of quaternization were synthesized via a benzyl bromination method at mild temperature (75 °C).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Murli Manohar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Kyunggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjoon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Kyunggi 16419 Republic of Korea
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22
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Pan J, Sun Z, Zhu H, Cao H, Wang B, Zhao J, Yan F. Synthesis and characterization of main-chain type polyimidazolium-based alkaline anion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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3D Network Structural Poly (Aryl Ether Ketone)-Polybenzimidazole Polymer for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4563860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Poor mechanical property is a critical problem for phosphoric acid-doped high-temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs). In order to address this concern, in this work, a 3D network structural poly (aryl ether ketone)-polybenzimidazole (PAEK-cr-PBI) polymer electrolyte membrane was successfully synthesized through crosslinking reaction between poly (aryl ether ketone) with the pendant carboxyl group (PAEK-COOH) and amino-terminated polybenzimidazole (PBI-4NH2). PAEK-COOH with a poly (aryl ether ketone) backbone endows superior thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability, while PBI-4NH2 serves as both a proton conductor and a crosslinker with basic imidazole groups to absorb phosphoric acid. Moreover, the composite membrane of PAEK-cr-PBI blended with linear PBI (PAEK-cr-PBI@PBI) was also prepared. Both membranes with a proper phosphoric acid (PA) uptake exhibit an excellent proton conductivity of around 50 mS cm-1 at 170°C, which is comparable to that of the well-documented PA-doped PBI membrane. Furthermore, the PA-doped PAEK-cr-PBI membrane shows superior mechanical properties of 17 MPa compared with common PA-doped PBI. Based upon these encouraging results, the as-synthesized PAEK-cr-PBI gives a highly practical promise for its application in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs).
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Anion Exchange Membranes Prepared from Quaternized Polyepichlorohydrin Cross-Linked with 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole Grafted Poly(arylene ether ketone) for Enhancement of Toughness and Conductivity. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10070138. [PMID: 32629946 PMCID: PMC7408090 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10070138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel anion exchange membrane was synthesized via crosslinking of the quaternized polyepichlorohydrin (QPECH) by 1-(3-aminopropyl) imidazole grafted poly(arylene ether ketone) (PAEK-API). While the QPECH provided an excellent ion conductive property, the rigid rod-structured PAEK-API played a reinforcing role, along with providing the high conductivity associated with the pendant API group. The chemical structure of QPECH/PAEK-API membranes was identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonace spectroscopy. A variety of membrane properties, such as anion conductivity, water uptake, length swelling percentage, and thermal, mechanical and chemical stability, were investigated. The QPECH/PAEK-API1 membrane showed quite high hydroxide ion conductivity, from 0.022 S cm−1 (30 °C) to 0.033 S cm−1 (80 °C), and excellent mechanical strength, associated with the low water uptake of less than 40%, even at 80 °C. Such high conductivity at relatively low water uptake is attributed to the concentrated cationic groups, in a cross-linked structure, facilitating feasible ion transport. Further, the QPECH/PAEK-API membranes showed thermal stability up to 250 °C, and chemical stability for 30 days in a 4 NaOH solution, without significant loss of ion exchange capacity.
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