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Sun H, Qin J, Yu W, Zhao H, Wang H. Impacts of micron-sized aeration bubble on sludge properties and hydraulic dynamics in relation to membrane fouling alleviation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142582. [PMID: 38871192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This investigation elucidates the influence of micron-scale aeration bubbles on the improvement of anti-fouling characteristics within submerged membrane bioreactors (sMBRs). A systematic examination of sludge properties, hydraulic dynamics, and fouling tendencies revealed that the application of microbubble aeration, specifically at dimensions of 100 μm, 80 μm, and 30 μm, significantly reduced sludge electrostatic repulsion and augmented particle size distribution, as opposed to the utilization of coarse bubble aeration of 1 mm. Notably, the employment of 100 μm bubbles achieved a significant reduction in the proportion of smaller particles (<10 μm) and sludge viscosity, thereby facilitating a more homogenous and vigorous turbulence at the membrane interface. These optimized conditions were instrumental in the substantial reduction of membrane fouling, which was corroborated by the diminished rate of fouling, reduced resistance accumulation, and lesser foulant deposition. The investigation identified sludge particle size, turbulent kinetic energy, and shear stress as the predominant factors influencing the development of membrane fouling. The findings underscore the pronounced advantages of employing 100 μm-sized bubbles in aeration strategies, providing enhanced understanding for the optimization of aeration parameters to improve sMBR efficiency and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Sun
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jiawen Qin
- College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Huazhang Zhao
- College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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2
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Siddique A, Nawaz H, Razzaque S, Tabasum A, Gong H, Razzaq H, Umar M. PVDF-Based Piezo-Catalytic Membranes-A Net-Zero Emission Approach towards Textile Wastewater Purification. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:699. [PMID: 38475382 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the various water purification techniques, advancements in membrane technology, with better fabrication and analysis, are receiving the most research attention. The piezo-catalytic degradation of water pollutants is an emerging area of research in water purification technology. This review article focuses on piezoelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) polymer-based membranes and their nanocomposites for textile wastewater remediation. At the beginning of this article, the classification of piezoelectric materials is discussed. Among the various membrane-forming polymers, PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer discussed in detail due to its exceptional piezoelectric properties. Polyvinylidene difluoride can show excellent piezoelectric properties in the beta phase. Therefore, various methods of β-phase enhancement within the PVDF polymer and various factors that have a critical impact on its piezo-catalytic activity are briefly explained. This review article also highlights the major aspects of piezoelectric membranes in the context of dye degradation and a net-zero approach. The β-phase of the PVDF piezoelectric material generates an electron-hole pair through external vibrations. The possibility of piezo-catalytic dye degradation via mechanical vibrations and the subsequent capture of the resulting CO2 and H2 gases open up the possibility of achieving the net-zero goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah 47040, Pakistan
| | - Hifza Nawaz
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shumaila Razzaque
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anila Tabasum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah 47040, Pakistan
| | - Hugh Gong
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Humaira Razzaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah 47040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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3
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Aini HN, Maggay I, Chang Y, Venault A. A Green Stable Antifouling PEGylated PVDF Membrane Prepared by Vapor-Induced Phase Separation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1277. [PMID: 36557184 PMCID: PMC9784106 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While green solvents are being implemented in the fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, most are not compatible with the vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) process for which relatively low dissolution temperatures are required. Additionally, preparing antifouling green membranes in one step by blending the polymer with an antifouling material before inducing phase separation remains extremely challenging due to the solubility issues. Here, the green solvent triethyl phosphate (TEP) was used to solubilize both PVDF and a copolymer (synthesized from styrene monomer and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate). VIPS was then used, yielding symmetric bi-continuous microfiltration membranes. For a 2 wt% copolymer content in the casting solution, the corresponding membrane P2 showed a homogeneous and dense surface distribution of the copolymer, resulting in a high hydration capacity (>900 mg/cm3) and effective resistance to biofouling during the adsorption tests using bovine serum albumin, Escherichia coli or whole blood, with a measured fouling reduction of 80%, 89% and 90%, respectively. Cyclic filtration tests using bacteria highlighted the competitive antifouling properties of the membranes with a flux recovery ratio after two water/bacterial solution cycles higher than 70%, a reversible flux decline ratio of about 62% and an irreversible flux decline ratio of 28%. Finally, these green antifouling membranes were shown to be stable despite several weeks of immersion in water.
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Eskhan A, Johnson D. Microscale characterization of abiotic surfaces and prediction of their biofouling/anti-biofouling potential using the AFM colloidal probe technique. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 310:102796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Chen L, Wang J, Wang J, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Zhang H. Piezoelectric Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes with Self-Powered and Electrified Antifouling Performance in Pressure-Driven Ultrafiltration Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16271-16280. [PMID: 36239692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive membranes have the potential to address membrane fouling via electrokinetic phenomena. However, additional energy consumption and complex material design represent chief barriers to achieving sustainable and economically viable antifouling performance. Herein, we present a novel strategy for fabricating a piezoelectric antifouling polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Pi-UFM) by integrating the ion-dipole interactions (NaCl coagulation bath) and mild poling (in situ electric field) into a one-step phase separation process. This Pi-UFM with an intact porous structure could be self-powered in a typical ultrafiltration (UF) process via the responsivity to pressure stimuli, where the dominant β-PVDF phase and the out-of-plane aligned dipoles were demonstrated to be critical to obtain piezoelectricity. By challenging with different feed solutions, the Pi-UFM achieved enhanced antifouling capacity for organic foulants even with high ionic strength, suggesting that electrostatic repulsion and hydration repulsion were behind the antifouling mechanism. Furthermore, the TMP-dependent output performance of the Pi-UFM in both air and water confirmed its ability for converting ambient mechanical energy to in situ surface potential (ζ), demonstrating that this antifouling performance was a result of the membrane electromechanical transducer actions. Therefore, this study provides useful insight and strategy to enable piezoelectric materials for membrane filtration applications with energy efficiency and extend functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haoquan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Divya S, Oh TH. Polymer Nanocomposite Membrane for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091732. [PMID: 35566901 PMCID: PMC9100919 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With regard to global concerns, such as water scarcity and aquatic pollution from industries and domestic activities, membrane-based filtration for wastewater treatment has shown promising results in terms of water purification. Filtration by polymeric membranes is highly efficient in separating contaminants; however, such membranes have limited applications. Nanocomposite membranes, which are formed by adding nanofillers to polymeric membrane matrices, can enhance the filtration process. Considerable attention has been given to nanofillers, which include carbon-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. In this review, we first examined the current status of membrane technologies for water filtration, polymeric nanocomposite membranes, and their applications. Additionally, we highlight the challenges faced in water treatment in developing countries.
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Wang Q, Zhu L, Ismail N, Zhou Q, He T, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Cui Z, Tavajohi N. Annealing of grain-like poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) membranes with a single-crystalline electroactive phase and high anti-fouling activity. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Maggay IVB, Aini HN, Lagman MMG, Tang SH, Aquino RR, Chang Y, Venault A. A Biofouling Resistant Zwitterionic Polysulfone Membrane Prepared by a Dual-Bath Procedure. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:69. [PMID: 35054595 PMCID: PMC8780878 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a zwitterionic material to modify polysulfone (PSf) membranes formed by a dual bath procedure, in view of reducing their fouling propensity. The zwitterionic copolymer, derived from a random polymer of styrene and 4-vinylpyrridine and referred to as zP(S-r-4VP), was incorporated to the PSf solution without any supplementary pore-forming additive to study the effect of the sole copolymer on membrane-structuring, chemical, and arising properties. XPS and mapping FT-IR provided evidence of the modification. Macrovoids appeared and then disappeared as the copolymer content increased in the range 1-4 wt%. The copolymer has hydrophilic units and its addition increases the casting solution viscosity. Both effects play an opposite role on transfers, and so on the growth of macrovoids. Biofouling tests demonstrated the efficiency of the copolymer to mitigate biofouling with a reduction in bacterial and blood cell attachment by more than 85%. Filtration tests revealed that the permeability increased by a twofold factor, the flux recovery ratio was augmented from 40% to 63% after water/BSA cycles, and irreversible fouling was reduced by 1/3. Although improvements are needed, these zwitterionic PSf membranes could be used in biomedical applications where resistance to biofouling by cells is a requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irish Valerie B. Maggay
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (I.V.B.M.); (H.N.A.); (S.-H.T.)
| | - Hana Nur Aini
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (I.V.B.M.); (H.N.A.); (S.-H.T.)
| | - Mary Madelaine G. Lagman
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Science, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines; (M.M.G.L.); (R.R.A.)
| | - Shuo-Hsi Tang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (I.V.B.M.); (H.N.A.); (S.-H.T.)
| | - Ruth R. Aquino
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Science, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines; (M.M.G.L.); (R.R.A.)
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (I.V.B.M.); (H.N.A.); (S.-H.T.)
| | - Antoine Venault
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (I.V.B.M.); (H.N.A.); (S.-H.T.)
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Effect of pore-forming/hydrophilic additive anchorage on the mesoporous structure and sieving performance of a blended ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Xing W, Ma Z, Wang C, Lu J, Gao J, Yu C, Lin X, Li C, Wu Y. Metal-organic framework based molecularly imprinted nanofiber membranes with enhanced selective recognition and separation performance: A multiple strengthening system. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Ding J, Liang H, Zhu X, Xu D, Luo X, Wang Z, Bai L. Surface modification of nanofiltration membranes with zwitterions to enhance antifouling properties during brackish water treatment: A new concept of a “buffer layer”. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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Shi Y, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Ding G, Zhao B, Wang L, Zhang H. Biological membrane fouling control with the integrated and separated processes of MIEX and UF. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Anti-fouling piezoelectric PVDF membrane: Effect of morphology on dielectric and piezoelectric properties. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Chen L, Zhang Y, Li R, Zhang H, Zhang M, Zhang H. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy applied for in situ membrane fouling characterization: The microscopic events of hydrophilic membrane in resisting DEX fouling. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116240. [PMID: 32798888 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling restricts the wide applications of membrane technology and therefore, it is essential to develop novel analytical techniques to characterize membrane fouling and to further understand the mechanism behind it. In this work, we demonstrate a capability of high-resolution large-scale 3D visualization and quantification of the foulants on/in membranes during fouling process based on light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a noninvasive reproducible optical approach. The adsorption processes of dextran (DEX) on/in two polyvinylidene fluoride membranes with similar pore structure but distinct surface hydrophilicity were clearly observed. For a hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, the diffusion and adsorption of the DEX in membrane matrix were much slower compared to that for a hydrophobic membrane. A concentrated foulant layer was observed in the superficial potion of the hydrophilic membrane matrix while the foulants were observed quickly penetrating across the overall hydrophobic PVDF membrane during a short adsorption process. Both the inner concentrated fouling layer (in membrane superficial portion) and the foulant penetration (in membrane asymmetric structure) presented correlations with membrane fouling irreversibility, which could elucidate the microscopic events of hydrophilic membrane in resisting fouling. In addition, the imaging results could be correlated with the XDLVO analysis, suggesting how the membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant interfacial interactions resulted in a time-dependent membrane fouling process. This work provides a fast, highly-sensitive and noninvasive imaging platform for in situ characterization of membrane fouling evolution and should be useful for a wide range of membrane-based process explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Renjian Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Haoquan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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