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Divakar S, Naik NS, Balakrishna RG, Padaki M. Liquid- liquid (Cyclohexanone: Cyclohexanol) separation using augmented tight nanofiltration membrane: A sustainable approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141820. [PMID: 38561158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is an incipient technology in the field of organic liquid-liquid separation. The incomplete separations and complexity involved in these, forces many organic liquids to be released as effluents and the adverse effects of these on environment is enormous and irreparable. The work prominences on the complete separation of industrially significant cyclohexanone: cyclohexanol (keto-alcohol oil) and heptane: toluene mixtures. The separations of these above-mentioned organic liquid mixtures were carried out using the fabricated Lewis acid modified graphitic carbon nitride (Cu2O@g-C3N4) incorporated polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) composite membranes. These fabricated membranes showed a separation factor of 18.16 and flux of 1.62 Lm-2h-1 for cyclohexanone: cyclohexanol mixture and separation of heptane and toluene mixture (with heptane flux of 1.52 Lm-2h-1) showed a separation factor of 9.9. The selectivity and productivity are based on the polarity and size of the organic liquids. The role of Cu2O@g-C3N4 is influencing the pore size distribution, increased divergence from solubility parameters, polarity, solvent uptake and porosity of the composite membranes. The developed composite membranes are thus envisioned to be apt for a wide range of liquid-liquid separations due to its implicit nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Divakar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, 562112
| | - Nagaraj S Naik
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, 562112
| | - R Geetha Balakrishna
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, 562112.
| | - Mahesh Padaki
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, 562112.
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2
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Jabbarvand Behrouz S, Khataee A, Vatanpour V, Orooji Y. Surface Bioengineering of Mo 2Ga 2C MAX Phase to Develop Blended Loose Nanofiltration Membranes for Textile Wastewater Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10508-10521. [PMID: 38365188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The potential of blended loose nanofiltration membranes (LNMs) to fractionate dyes and inorganic salts in textile wastewater has become a focus of attention in recent years. In this research work, we fabricated LNMs based on polysulfone (PSf) membranes blended with l-histidine amino acid-functionalized Mo2Ga2C MAX phase (His-MAX). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), contact angle, ζ-potential, porosity, and pore size analyses were employed to characterize the LNMs. Blending 0.75 wt % of His-MAX additive with the PSf tailored the LNM's features by making it more water-friendly, increasing its porosity, enlarging its pores, and making its surface smoother. The pure water flux of 127.6 L/m2 h was achieved by LNM containing 0.75 wt % His-MAX, which was 2.5 times greater than the bare one. The mentioned LNM displayed a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 68.27 and 98.57, 98.31, and 99.7% rejections for Direct red 23, Acid brown 75, and Reactive blue 21 solutions (100 mg/L), respectively. The 0.75 wt % His-MAX LNM could reject 99.1% of dye and 11.5% of salt while maintaining an FRR of 91.19% after four cycles of filtering a binary mixture solution containing Reactive blue 21 and Na2SO4. These findings highlight the potential of the fabricated LNM for desalinating dye solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Jabbarvand Behrouz
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vahid Vatanpour
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran
- Environmental Engineering Department & National Research Center on Membrane Technologies (MEM-TEK), Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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3
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Gao Q, Bouwen D, Yuan S, Gui X, Xing Y, Zheng J, Ling H, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Depuydt S, Li J, Volodine A, Jin P, Van der Bruggen B. Robust loose nanofiltration membrane with fast solute transfer for dye/salt separation. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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4
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Joshi US, Anuradha, Jewrajka SK. Tight ultrafiltration and loose nanofiltration membranes by concentration polarization-driven fast layer-by-layer self-assembly for fractionation of dye/salt. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Dutta S, Gupta RS, Pathan S, Bose S. Interpenetrating polymer networks for desalination and water remediation: a comprehensive review of research trends and prospects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6087-6107. [PMID: 36814875 PMCID: PMC9939980 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07843k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) architectures have gained a lot of interest in recent decades, mainly due to their wide range of applications including water treatment and environmental remediation. IPNs are composed of two or more crosslinked polymeric matrices that are physically entangled but not chemically connected. In polymer science, the interpenetrating network structure with its high polymer chain entanglement is commonly used to generate materials with many functional properties, such as mechanical robustness and adaptable structure. In order to remove a targeted pollutant from contaminated water, it is feasible to modify the network architectures to increase the selectivity by choosing the monomer appropriately. This review aims to give a critical overview of the recent design concepts of IPNs and their applications in desalination and water treatment and their future prospects. This article also discusses the inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles into traditional polymeric membrane networks and its advantages. In the first part, the current scenario for desalination, water pollution and conventional desalination technologies along with their challenges is discussed. Subsequently, the main strategies for the synthesis of semi-IPNs and full-IPNs, and their relevant properties in water remediation are presented based on the nature of the networks and mechanism, with an emphasis on the IPN membrane. This review article has thoroughly investigated and critically assessed published works that describe the latest study on developing IPN membranes, hydrogels and composite materials in water purification and desalination. The goal of this critical analysis is to elicit fresh perspectives regarding the application and advantages of IPNs in desalination and water treatment. This article will also provide a glimpse into future areas of research to address the challenges relating to advanced water treatment as well as its emerging sustainable approaches. The study has put forward a convincing justification and establishes the relevance of IPNs being one of the most intriguing and important areas for achieving a sustainable generation of advanced materials that could benefit mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Dutta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - Ria Sen Gupta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - Shabnam Pathan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India
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6
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Li Y, Liu Z, Li S, Nian P, Xu N, Luo H, Wei Y. Highly permeable and stable hyperbranched polyethyleneimine crosslinked AgNP@Ti3C2Tx MXene membranes for nanofiltration. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Rando G, Sfameni S, Plutino MR. Development of Functional Hybrid Polymers and Gel Materials for Sustainable Membrane-Based Water Treatment Technology: How to Combine Greener and Cleaner Approaches. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010009. [PMID: 36661777 PMCID: PMC9857570 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Water quality and disposability are among the main challenges that governments and societies will outside during the next years due to their close relationship to population growth and urbanization and their direct influence on the environment and socio-economic development. Potable water suitable for human consumption is a key resource that, unfortunately, is strongly limited by anthropogenic pollution and climate change. In this regard, new groups of compounds, referred to as emerging contaminants, represent a risk to human health and living species; they have already been identified in water bodies as a result of increased industrialization. Pesticides, cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, organic dyes, and other man-made chemicals indispensable for modern society are among the emerging pollutants of difficult remediation by traditional methods of wastewater treatment. However, the majority of the currently used waste management and remediation techniques require significant amounts of energy and chemicals, which can themselves be sources of secondary pollution. Therefore, this review reported newly advanced, efficient, and sustainable techniques and approaches for water purification. In particular, new advancements in sustainable membrane-based filtration technologies are discussed, together with their modification through a rational safe-by-design to modulate their hydrophilicity, porosity, surface characteristics, and adsorption performances. Thus, their preparation by the use of biopolymer-based gels is described, as well as their blending with functional cross-linkers or nanofillers or by advanced and innovative approaches, such as electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rando
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Sfameni
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0906765713
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Li X, Lin L, Liu Z, Yang J, Ma W, Yang X, Li X, Wang C, Xin Q, Zhao K. A “micro-explosion” strategy for preparing membranes with high porosity, permeability, and dye/salt separation efficiency. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Facile and Novel Fabrication of High-Performance Loose Nanofiltration Membranes for Textile Wastewater Recovery. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Wang M, Li M, Ren Z, Fei Z, Hou Y, Niu QJ. Novel macrocyclic polyamines regulated nanofiltration membranes: Towards efficient micropollutants removal and molecular separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Bao C, Li D, Chen J, Xu X, Wen S, Guan Z, Zhang Q, Ding Y, Xin Y, Zou Y. Antifouling and chlorine-resistant cyclodextrin loose nanofiltration membrane for high-efficiency fractionation of dyes and salts. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Lewis J, Alshami A, Talukder M, Owoade A, Baker K, Onaizi S. Agglomeration tendency and activated carbon concentration effects on
activated carbon‐polysulfone
mixed matrix membrane performance: A design of experiment formulation study. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lewis
- University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
- Los Alamos National Lab Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - Ali Alshami
- University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | | | | | - Kelsey Baker
- University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Sagheer Onaizi
- Chemical Engineering‐ King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran KSA
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Sun W, Zhang N, Li Q, Luo X, Baqiah H, Cui W, Li Z, Deng H. Lignin-based nanofiltration membrane with high permeability, acid-alkali and chlorine resistances toward the removal of multivalent salts and dyes. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Sun
- Chemical Engineering College, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
| | - Hussein Baqiah
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
| | - Wanling Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
| | - Huining Deng
- Chemical Engineering College, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
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14
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A realistic approach for determining the pore size distribution of nanofiltration membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Shefer I, Lopez K, Straub AP, Epsztein R. Applying Transition-State Theory to Explore Transport and Selectivity in Salt-Rejecting Membranes: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7467-7483. [PMID: 35549171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies using reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have been widely implemented in water purification and desalination processes. Separation between species at the molecular level is achievable in RO and NF membranes due to a complex and poorly understood combination of transport mechanisms that have attracted the attention of researchers within and beyond the membrane community for many years. Minimizing existing knowledge gaps in transport through these membranes can improve the sustainability of current water-treatment processes and expand the use of RO and NF membranes to other applications that require high selectivity between species. Since its establishment in 1949, and with growing popularity in recent years, Eyring's transition-state theory (TST) for transmembrane permeation has been applied in numerous studies to mechanistically explore molecular transport in membranes including RO and NF. In this review, we critically assess TST applied to transmembrane permeation in salt-rejecting membranes, focusing on mechanistic insights into transport under confinement that can be gained from this framework and the key limitations associated with the method. We first demonstrate and discuss the limited ability of the commonly used solution-diffusion model to mechanistically explain transport and selectivity trends observed in RO and NF membranes. Next, we review important milestones in the development of TST, introduce its underlying principles and equations, and establish the connection to transmembrane permeation with a focus on molecular-level enthalpic and entropic barriers that govern water and solute transport under confinement. We then critically review the application of TST to explore transport in RO and NF membranes, analyzing trends in measured enthalpic and entropic barriers and synthesizing new data to highlight important phenomena associated with the temperature-dependent measurement of the activation parameters. We also discuss major limitations of the experimental application of TST and propose specific solutions to minimize the uncertainties surrounding the current approach. We conclude with identifying future research needs to enhance the implementation and maximize the benefit of TST application to transmembrane permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Shefer
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Kian Lopez
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Anthony P Straub
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Razi Epsztein
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Xabela S, Moutloali RM. 2‐(
N‐3‐Sulfopropyl‐N
,N‐dimethyl ammonium)ethyl methacrylate modified graphene oxide embedded into cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membranes for improved performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinethemba Xabela
- Faculty of Science Chemical Sciences Department University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre–UJ Water Research Node University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Richard Motlhaletsi Moutloali
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre–UJ Water Research Node University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Johannesburg South Africa
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17
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Zhang X. Selective separation membranes for fractionating organics and salts for industrial wastewater treatment: Design strategies and process assessment. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Multipurpose tight ultrafiltration membrane through controlled layer-by-layer assembly for low pressure molecular separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Zhang X, Du X, Ke Y, Zhang YG, Xu ZK. Loose nanofiltration membranes with assembled antifouling surfaces of organophosphonic acid/Fe(III) for managing textile dyeing effluents. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Li G, Qi Y, Lin H, Lu N, Chen J, Wang J, Han Q, Liu F. Ni-metal-organic-framework (Ni-MOF) membranes from multiply stacked nanosheets (MSNs) for efficient molecular sieve separation in aqueous and organic solvent. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Gu K, Pang S, Zhou Y, Gao C. Sodium Chloroacetate Modified Polyethyleneimine/Trimesic Acid Nanofiltration Membrane to Improve Antifouling Performance. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:705. [PMID: 34564521 PMCID: PMC8466547 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) is a separation technology with broad application prospects. Membrane fouling is an important bottleneck-restricting technology development. In the past, we prepared a positively charged polyethyleneimine/trimesic acid (PEI/TMA) NF membrane with excellent performance. Inevitably, it also faces poor resistance to protein contamination. Improving the antifouling ability of the PEI/TMA membrane can be achieved by considering the hydrophilicity and chargeability of the membrane surface. In this work, sodium chloroacetate (ClCH2COONa) is used as a modifier and is grafted onto the membrane surface. Additionally, 0.5% ClCH2COONa and 10 h modification time are the best conditions. Compared with the original membrane (M0, 17.2 L m-2 h-1), the initial flux of the modified membrane (M0-e, 30 L m-2 h-1) was effectively increased. After filtering the bovine albumin (BSA) solution, the original membrane flux dropped by 47% and the modified membrane dropped by 6.2%. The modification greatly improved the antipollution performance of the PEI/TMA membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Zhou
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (K.G.); (S.P.); (C.G.)
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22
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Ma K, Wang N, Wang C, An QF. Freezing assisted in situ growth of nano-confined ZIF-8 composite membrane for dye removal from water. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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