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Morphological Effect of Side Chain Length in Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245499. [PMID: 36559872 PMCID: PMC9782572 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recognition of the multiple advantages of sulfonated hydrocarbon-based polymers that possess high chemical and mechanical stability with significant low cost, we employed molecular dynamics simulation to explore the morphological effects of side chain length in sulfonated polystyrene grafted poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (SPAES) proton exchange membranes. The calculated diffusion coefficients of hydronium ions (H3O+) are in range of 0.61-1.15 × 10-7 cm2/s, smaller than that of water molecules, due to the electrical attraction between the oppositely charged sulfonate group and H3O+. The investigation into the radial distribution functions suggests that phase segregation in the SPAES membrane is more probable with longer side chains. As the hydration level of the membranes in this study is relatively low (λ = 3), longer side chains correspond to more water molecules in the amorphous cell, which provides better solvent effects for the distribution of sulfonated side chains. The coordination number of water molecules and hydronium ions around the sulfonate group increases from 1.67 to 2.40 and from 2.45 to 5.66, respectively, with the increase in the side chain length. A significant proportion of the hydronium ions appear to be in bridging configurations coordinated by multiple sulfonate groups. The microscopic conformation of the SPAES membrane is basically unaffected by temperature during the evaluated temperature range. Thus, it can be revealed that the side chain length plays a key role in the configuration of the polymer chain and would contribute to the formation of the microphase separation morphology, which profits proton transport in the hydrophilic domains.
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Liu L, Wang Y, Liu S, Li N, Hu Z, Chen S. Novel bifunctional fillers (ATP/P–CNOs) for sulfonated poly(aryl ether sulfone) matrix for improved power output and durability of H2/O2 fuel cell at low humidity. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Development of rigid side-chain poly(ether sulfone)s based anion exchange membrane with multiple annular quaternary ammonium ion groups for fuel cells. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ge X, Zhang F, Wu L, Yang Z, Xu T. Current Challenges and Perspectives of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ge
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Basso Peressut A, Di Virgilio M, Bombino A, Latorrata S, Muurinen E, Keiski RL, Dotelli G. Investigation of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide as the Base Material for Novel Proton Exchange Membranes. Molecules 2022; 27:1507. [PMID: 35268613 PMCID: PMC8912047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with the development of graphene oxide (GO)-based self-assembling membranes as possible innovative proton conductors to be used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Nowadays, the most adopted electrolyte is Chemours' Nafion; however, it reveals significant deficiencies such as strong dehydration at high temperature and low humidity, which drastically reduces its proton conductivity. The presence of oxygenated moieties in the GO framework makes it suitable for functionalization, which is required to enhance the promising, but insufficient, proton-carrying features of GO. In this study, sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) that should favor proton transport were introduced in the membrane structure via a reaction between GO and concentrated sulfuric acid. Six acid-to-GO molar ratios were adopted in the synthesis procedure, giving rise to final products with different sulfonation degrees. All the prepared samples were characterized by means of TGA, ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, temperature-dependent XRD, SEM and EDX, which pointed out morphological and microstructural changes resulting from the functionalization stage, confirming its effectiveness. Regarding functional features, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as measurements of ion exchange capacity (IEC) were carried out to describe the behavior of the various samples, with pristine GO and commercial Nafion® 212 used as reference. EIS tests were performed at five different temperatures (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C) under high (95%) and medium (42%) relative humidity conditions. Compared to both GO and Nafion® 212, the sulfonated specimens demonstrate an increase in the number of ion-carrying groups, as proved by both IEC and EIS tests, which reveal the enhanced proton conductivity of these novel membranes. Specifically, an acid-to-GO molar ratio of 10 produces a six-fold improvement of IEC (4.23 meq g-1) with respect to pure GO (0.76 meq g-1), while a maximum eight-fold improvement (5.72 meq g-1) is achieved in SGO-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Basso Peressut
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Matteo Di Virgilio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Antonella Bombino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Saverio Latorrata
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Esa Muurinen
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.M.); (R.L.K.)
| | - Riitta L. Keiski
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.M.); (R.L.K.)
| | - Giovanni Dotelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
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Liu Q, Li X, Zhang S, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhou S, Wang C, Wu K, Liu J, Mao Q, Jian X. Novel sulfonated N-heterocyclic poly(aryl ether ketone ketone)s with pendant phenyl groups for proton exchange membrane performing enhanced oxidative stability and excellent fuel cell properties. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Du S, Huang S, Xie N, Zhang T, Xu Y, Ning X, Chen P, Chen X, An Z. New block poly(ether sulfone) based anion exchange membranes with rigid side-chains and high-density quaternary ammonium groups for fuel cell application. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00588c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of novel poly(ether sulfone) based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with relatively good stability due to their rigid side-chains and heterocyclic quaternary ammonium groups. The AEMs show appropriate performance in AEM fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Ning Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Xingming Ning
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Pei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Xinbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Zhongwei An
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
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Soyekwo F, Liu C, Hu Y. Crosslinked copolystyrenes based membranes bearing alkylcarboxylated and alkylsulfonated side chains for organic solvent nanofiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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