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Ma X, Albertsma J, Gabriels D, Horst R, Polat S, Snoeks C, Kapteijn F, Eral HB, Vermaas DA, Mei B, de Beer S, van der Veen MA. Carbon monoxide separation: past, present and future. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3741-3777. [PMID: 37083229 PMCID: PMC10243283 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00147d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of carbon monoxide are produced by industrial processes such as biomass gasification and steel manufacturing. The CO present in vent streams is often burnt, this produces a large amount of CO2, e.g., oxidation of CO from metallurgic flue gasses is solely responsible for 2.7% of manmade CO2 emissions. The separation of N2 from CO due to their very similar physical properties is very challenging, meaning that numerous energy-intensive steps are required for CO separation, making the CO separation from many process streams uneconomical in spite of CO being a valuable building block in the production of major chemicals through C1 chemistry and the production of linear hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process. The development of suitable processes for the separation of carbon monoxide has both industrial and environmental significance. Especially since CO is a main product of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, an emerging sustainable technology to enable carbon neutrality. This technology also requires an energy-efficient separation process. Therefore, there is a great need to develop energy efficient CO separation processes adequate for these different process streams. As such the urgency of separating carbon monoxide is gaining greater recognition, with research in the field becoming more and more crucial. This review details the principles on which CO separation is based and provides an overview of currently commercialised CO separation processes and their limitations. Adsorption is identified as a technology with the potential for CO separation with high selectivity and energy efficiency. We review the research efforts, mainly seen in the last decades, in developing new materials for CO separation via ad/bsorption and membrane technology. We have geared our review to both traditional CO sources and emerging CO sources, including CO production from CO2 conversion. To that end, a variety of emerging processes as potential CO2-to-CO technologies are discussed and, specifically, the need for CO capture after electrochemical CO2 reduction is highlighted, which is still underexposed in the available literature. Altogether, we aim to highlight the knowledge gaps that could guide future research to improve CO separation performance for industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ma
- Chemical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Jelco Albertsma
- Chemical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Dieke Gabriels
- Chemical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Rens Horst
- Science and Technology Faculty, University Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sevgi Polat
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
- Chemical Engineering Department, Marmara University, 34854 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Casper Snoeks
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Kapteijn
- Chemical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Hüseyin Burak Eral
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - David A Vermaas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Bastian Mei
- Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Science and Technology Faculty, University Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Ann van der Veen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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James J, Lücking LE, van Dijk H, Boon J. Review of technologies for carbon monoxide recovery from nitrogen- containing industrial streams. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2023.1066091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important gas required for various industrial processes. Whether produced directly from syngas or as part of by-product gas streams, valorization of CO streams will play an important role in the decarbonization of industry. CO is often generated in mixtures with other gases such as H2, CO2, CH4, and N2 and therefore separation of CO from the other gases is required. In particular, separation of CO from N2 is difficult given their similar molecular properties. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the four processes for separation of CO from gas mixtures: cryogenic purification, absorption, adsorption and membrane separation. Particular emphasis is placed on technical processes for industrial applications and separation of N2 and CO. Cryogenic processes are not suitable for separation of CO from N2. Absorption developments focus on the use of ionic liquids to replace solvents, with promising progress being made in the field of CO solubility in ionic liquids. Advancements in adsorption processes have focused on the development of new materials however future work is required to develop materials that do not require vacuum regeneration. Membrane processes are most promising in the form of solid state and mixed matrix membranes. In general, there is limited development beyond lab scale for new advancements in CO separation from gas streams. This highlights an opportunity and need to investigate and develop beyond state-of-the-art processes for CO separation at industrial scale, especially for separation of CO from N2.
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Liu J, Pan Y, Xu J, Wang Z, Zhu H, Liu G, Zhong J, Jin W. Introducing amphipathic copolymer into intermediate layer to fabricate ultra-thin Pebax composite membrane for efficient CO2 capture. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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