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Zhou Y, Wang B, Ling Z, Liu Q, Fu X, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Hu S, Zhao F, Li X, Bao X, Yang J. Advances in ionogels for proton-exchange membranes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171099. [PMID: 38387588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
To ensure the long-term performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) have stringent requirements at high temperatures and humidities, as they may lose proton carriers. This issue poses a serious challenge to maintaining their proton conductivity and mechanical performance throughout their service life. Ionogels are ionic liquids (ILs) hybridized with another component (such as organic, inorganic, or organic-inorganic hybrid skeleton). This design is used to maintain the desirable properties of ILs (negligible vapor pressure, thermal stability, and non-flammability), as well as a high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window with low outflow. Ionogels have opened new routes for designing solid-electrolyte membranes, especially PEMs. This paper reviews recent research progress of ionogels in proton-exchange membranes, focusing on their electrochemical properties and proton transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zhiwei Ling
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qingting Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xudong Fu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shengfei Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Wuhan Troowin Power System Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Wuhan Troowin Power System Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xujin Bao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3NW, UK.
| | - Jun Yang
- Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China.
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Liu Q, Liu H, Zhang W, Ma Q, Xu Q, Hooshyari K, Su H. Enhancing Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells with Ionic Liquids: A Review. Chemistry 2023:e202303525. [PMID: 38149791 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent a promising clean energy solution. However, their widespread adoption faces hurdles related to component optimization. This review explores the pivotal role of ionic liquids (ILs) in enhancing PEMFC performance, focusing on their role in polymer electrolyte membranes, catalyst modification, and other components. By addressing key obstacles, including proton conductivity, catalyst stability, and fuel crossover, ILs provide a pathway towards the widespread commercialization of PEMFCs. In the realm of PEMFC membranes, ILs have shown great potential in improving proton conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. Additionally, the utilization of ILs as catalyst modifiers has shown promise in enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of electrodes by serving as an effective stabilizer to promote the dispersion of metal nanoparticles, and reduce their agglomeration, thereby augmenting catalytic performance. Furthermore, ILs can be tailored to optimize the catalyst-support interaction, ultimately enhancing the overall fuel cell efficiency. Their unique properties, such as high oxygen solubility and low volatility, offer advantages in terms of reducing mass transport and water management issues. This review not only underscores the promising advancements achieved thus far but also outlines the challenges that must be addressed to unlock the full potential of ILs in PEMFC technology, offering a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working toward the realization of efficient and durable PEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Khadijeh Hooshyari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran
| | - Huaneng Su
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
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Mulk WU, Hassan Shah MU, Shah SN, Zhang QJ, Khan AL, Sheikh M, Younas M, Rezakazemi M. Enhancing CO 2 separation from N 2 mixtures using hydrophobic porous supports immobilized with tributyl-tetradecyl-phosphonium chloride [P 44414][Cl]. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116879. [PMID: 37579965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The main obstacles in adopting solvent-based CO2 capture technology from power plant flue gases at the industrial scale are the energy requirements for solvent regeneration and their toxicity. These challenges can be overcome using new green and more stable ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents for post-combustion CO2 capture. In the current study, tributyl-tetradecyl-phosphonium chloride [P44414][Cl] as an IL, was immobilized on hydrophobic porous supports of polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at 298 ± 3 K and pressures up to 2 bar. The surface morphology indicated homogenous immobilization of the IL on the membrane support. Supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) were tested for CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity. None of the SILMs exhibited IL leaching up to 2 bar. The PTFE-based SILM performed better than other supports with minimum loss in water contact angle (WCA) and achieved good antiwetting with a maximum CO2 permeability and selectivity over N2 of 2300 ± 139 Barrer and 31.60 ± 2.4, respectively. This work achieves CO2 permeability about two-fold more than other works having CO2/N2 selectivity range of 25-35 in similar SILMs. The diffusivity of CO2 and N2 in [P44414][Cl] was measured as 3.64 ± 0.18 and 2.01 ± 0.09 [10-8 cm2 s-1] and CO2 and N2 solubility values were 9.79 ± 0.47 and 0.19 ± 0.001 [10-2 cm3(STP) cm-3 cmHg-1], respectively. The high values of Young's modulus and tensile strength of the PTFE support-based SILM (234 ± 12 MPa and 6.07 ± 0.31 MPa, respectively) indicated the long-term application of SILM in flue gas separation. The results indicated phosphonium chloride-based ILs could be better solvent candidates for CO2 removal from large volumes of flue gases than amine-based ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqad Ul Mulk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, 47080, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical, and Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasir Shah
- Research & Development Centre, Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), P.O. Box 564, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qi-Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola D'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besós, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Younas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical, and Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
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Ebrahimi M, Fatyeyeva K, Kujawski W. Different Approaches for the Preparation of Composite Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications-Recent Advancements. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:593. [PMID: 37367797 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of ionic liquid-based membranes as polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications increases significantly due to the major features of ionic liquids (i.e., high thermal stability and ion conductivity, non-volatility, and non-flammability). In general, there are three major methods to introduce ionic liquids into the polymer membrane, such as incorporating ionic liquid into a polymer solution, impregnating the polymer with ionic liquid, and cross-linking. The incorporation of ionic liquids into a polymer solution is the most common method, owing to easy operation of process and quick membrane formation. However, the prepared composite membranes suffer from a reduction in mechanical stability and ionic liquid leakage. While mechanical stability may be enhanced by the membrane's impregnation with ionic liquid, ionic liquid leaching is still the main drawback of this method. The presence of covalent bonds between ionic liquids and polymer chains during the cross-linking reaction can decrease the ionic liquid release. Cross-linked membranes reveal more stable proton conductivity, although a decrease in ionic mobility can be noticed. In the present work, the main approaches for ionic liquid introduction into the polymer film are presented in detail, and the recently obtained results (2019-2023) are discussed in correlation with the composite membrane structure. In addition, some promising new methods (i.e., layer-by-layer self-assembly, vacuum-assisted flocculation, spin coating, and freeze drying) are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahimi
- Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), INSA Rouen Normandie, University Rouen Normandie, UMR 6270 CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Kateryna Fatyeyeva
- Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), INSA Rouen Normandie, University Rouen Normandie, UMR 6270 CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Wojciech Kujawski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Ma J, Ma X, Zhang H, Chen F, Guan X, Niu J, Hu X. In-situ generation of poly(ionic liquid) flexible quasi-solid electrolyte supported by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane / polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun membrane for lithium metal battery. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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