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Pang C, Wang S, He C, Zheng M, Wang W. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor coupled with polyaluminum chloride for high-strength phenolic wastewater treatment: Robust performance and potential mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118777. [PMID: 38527723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of phenolic wastewater by anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) has revealed increasing attractiveness, but the application of AnMBRs for treating high-strength phenolic wastewater faces challenges related to elevated phenol stress and membrane fouling. In this study, the coupling of AnMBR and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was developed for efficient treatment of high-strength phenolic wastewater. The system achieved robust removal efficiencies of phenol (99%) and quinoline (98%) at a gradual increase of phenol concentration from 1000 to 5000 mg/L and a constant quinoline concentration of 100 mg/L. The dosing of PAC could effectively control the membrane fouling rate with the transmembrane pressure (TMP) increasing rate as low as 0.17 kPa/d. The robust performances were mainly attributed to the favorable retention of functional microbes through membrane interception, while pulse cross flow buffered against phenol stress and facilitated cake layer removal. Meanwhile, the enriched core functional microbes, such as Syntrophorhabdus, Syntrophus, Mesotoga and Methanolinea, played a crucial role in further reduction of phenol stress. Notably, the significant presence of biomacromolecule degrader, such as Levilinea, contributed to membrane fouling mitigation through extracellular polymer degradation. Moreover, the enlargement of particle size distribution (PSD) by PAC was expected to mitigate membrane fouling. This study provided a promising avenue for sustainable treatment of high-strength phenolic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, China; Southwest Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Chunhua He
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mengqi Zheng
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, China.
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Kusumocahyo SP, Redulla RC, Fulbert K, Iskandar AA. Removal of glycerol from biodiesel using multi-stage microfiltration membrane system: industrial scale process simulation. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodiesel purification is one of the most important downstream processes in biodiesel industries. The removal of glycerol from crude biodiesel is commonly conducted by an extraction method using water, however this method results in a vast amount of wastewater and needs a lot of energy. In this study, microfiltration membrane was used to remove glycerol from biodiesel, and a process simulation was carried out for an industrial scale biodiesel purification plant using a microfiltration membrane system. The microfiltration experiment using a simulated feed solution of biodiesel containing glycerol and water showed that the membrane process produced purified biodiesel that met the international standards. The result of the process simulation of a multi-stage membrane system showed that the membrane area could be minimized by optimizing the concentration factor of every stage with the aid of a computer program that was written in Phyton programming language with Visual Studio Code. The overall productivity of a single stage membrane system was the same with that of the multi-stage system, however the single stage system required a larger membrane area. To produce 750 m3 day−1 of purified biodiesel, a multi-stage membrane system consisting of 10 membrane modules required a total membrane area of 1515 m2 that was 57% smaller compared to the single stage system consisting of one membrane module. This membrane area reduction was equivalent to a reduction of the total capital cost of 30%. Based on the analysis of the total capital cost, it was found that the optimum number of stages was 4 since it showed a minimum value of the total capital cost with a membrane area of 1620 m2 that was equivalent to the reduction of the total capital cost of 34%. The result of this simulation showed that the multi-stage microfiltration membrane has great potential to replace the conventional method in biodiesel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Kusumocahyo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Swiss German University , Tangerang 15143 , Indonesia
| | - Rachel C. Redulla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Swiss German University , Tangerang 15143 , Indonesia
| | - Kevin Fulbert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Swiss German University , Tangerang 15143 , Indonesia
| | - Aulia A. Iskandar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Swiss German University , Tangerang 15143 , Indonesia
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Safaee H, Bracewell A, Safarik J, Plumlee MH, Rajagopalan G. Online colloidal particle monitoring for controlled coagulation pretreatment to lower microfiltration membrane fouling at a potable water reuse facility. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118300. [PMID: 35397369 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fouling of microfiltration (MF)) membranes during water/wastewater treatment is predominantly caused by colloidal particles (size <1 µm) in the feed water. Until recently no online technology was available to directly measure the occurrence of colloidal particles in these waters. This study evaluated the viability of a novel online light scattering technology (Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis) to continuously monitor colloidal particles in the membrane feed water (a secondary-treated wastewater) for targeted removal by injecting coagulant at a dosage proportional to the measured concentration of colloidal particles. A diurnal variation was observed in the colloidal particle concentration in the feed water with the lowest concentration occurring at approximately 6 am and the highest concentration occurring after mid-day. The peak colloidal particle concentrations were 4 to 6 times higher than the lowest concentrations measured on the same day. Bench-scale studies were performed to develop a relationship between colloidal particle concentration and the optimum coagulant dosage required for their removal. Subsequently, a pilot-scale study was performed using two MF pilot units operated in parallel, one receiving targeted coagulant dosing and the other with no coagulant dosing, to demonstrate the effectiveness of targeted coagulant dosing in preventing membrane fouling. The pilot unit that received targeted coagulant dose experienced only 4 to 20% of the transmembrane pressure increase of the increase experienced by the pilot unit that received no coagulant. Evaluation of fouling resistance indicated that targeted coagulation improved flux by predominantly lowering the irreversible fouling. The filtrate water quality measured by colloidal particle concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and turbidity were very similar for the two pilot units. This suggests that although the efficiency of particle and organic materials removal does not change with coagulant addition, the particles filtered by the membrane in the control unit contributed to membrane irreversible fouling, while in the coagulant-treated unit, the coagulated colloidal particles were removed away from the membrane into the backwash stream during the frequent backwash/air scour procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Safaee
- Kennedy Jenks Consultants, 3200 El Camino Real, #200, Irvine, CA 92602, United States
| | - Alan Bracewell
- Kennedy Jenks Consultants, 3200 El Camino Real, #200, Irvine, CA 92602, United States
| | - Jana Safarik
- Orange County Water District, 18700 Ward St., Fountain Valley, CA 92708, United States
| | - Megan H Plumlee
- Orange County Water District, 18700 Ward St., Fountain Valley, CA 92708, United States
| | - Ganesh Rajagopalan
- Kennedy Jenks Consultants, 3200 El Camino Real, #200, Irvine, CA 92602, United States.
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Rivera F, Muñoz R, Prádanos P, Hernández A, Palacio L. A Systematic Study of Ammonia Recovery from Anaerobic Digestate Using Membrane-Based Separation. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:membranes12010019. [PMID: 35054545 PMCID: PMC8777830 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia recovery from synthetic and real anaerobic digestates was accomplished using hydrophobic flat sheet membranes operated with H2SO4 solutions to convert ammonia into ammonium sulphate. The influence of the membrane material, flow rate (0.007, 0.015, 0.030 and 0.045 m3 h−1) and pH (7.6, 8.9, 10 and 11) of the digestate on ammonia recovery was investigated. The process was carried out with a flat sheet configuration at a temperature of 35 °C and with a 1 M, or 0.005 M, H2SO4 solution on the other side of the membrane. Polytetrafluoroethylene membranes with a nominal pore radius of 0.22 µm provided ammonia recoveries from synthetic and real digestates of 84.6% ± 1.0% and 71.6% ± 0.3%, respectively, for a membrane area of 8.6 × 10−4 m2 and a reservoir volume of 0.5 L, in 3.5 h with a 1 M H2SO4 solution and a recirculation flow on the feed side of the membrane of 0.030 m3 h−1. NH3 recovery followed first order kinetics and was faster at higher pHs of the H2SO4 solution and recirculation flow rate on the membrane feed side. Fouling resulted in changes in membrane surface morphology and pore size, which were confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy and Air Displacement Porometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Rivera
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (F.R.); (R.M.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Science Faculty, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (F.R.); (R.M.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Prádanos
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (F.R.); (R.M.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Science Faculty, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (F.R.); (R.M.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Science Faculty, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Palacio
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (F.R.); (R.M.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Science Faculty, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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