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Mehlhose S, Sakamoto T, Eickhoff M, Kato T, Tanaka M. Electrochemical Detection of Selective Anion Transport through Subnanopores in Liquid-Crystalline Water Treatment Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4537-4543. [PMID: 38683761 PMCID: PMC11089498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The anion-selective transport through subnanoporous liquid-crystalline (LC) water treatment membranes was quantitatively detected by the deposition and electrochemical analysis of the LC membrane on the GaN electrode. The time course of the capacitance and Warburg resistance of the LC membrane suggest that the interaction of the LC membrane with monovalent Cl- ions is distinctly different from that with SO42- ions. A continuous decay in capacitance suggests the condensation of Cl- ions in subnanopores, whereas the interaction between SO42- ions and the inner wall of subnanopores is much weaker. The chronoamperometry data further suggest that SO42- ions are transported through subnanoporous channels 10 times faster than Cl- ions. These results, together with the previous X-ray emission spectroscopy, suggest that SO42- ions, which possess similar hydrogen-bonded structures to the hydrogen-bonded networks inside the subnanopores, can exchange the associated water molecules and hop along the network of water molecules, but Cl- ions bind and accumulate inside subnanopores. The well-controlled supramolecular self-assembly of LC building blocks opens a large potential toward the fine adjustment of hydrogen-bonding networks in nanospace providing materials new functions, which cannot be realized by bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Mehlhose
- Physical
Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takeshi Sakamoto
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Martin Eickhoff
- Institut
für Festkörperphysik, Universität Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee NW1, D28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu
University, Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical
Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center
for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Afrizal, Yusmaniar, Valentino B, Riswoko A, Khairunnisa Gumilar K. Effect of methyl methacrylate concentrations on surface and thermal analysis of composite polymer polymethylmethacrylates with mesogen reactive RM82. Des Monomers Polym 2024; 27:1-11. [PMID: 38586248 PMCID: PMC10997352 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2024.2336657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This research report of the synthesis of composite polymers from liquid crystal mesogen reactive (RM82) monomers with Methyl methacrylate (MMA). The purpose of this research is analysis the effect concentration of MMA on the surface and thermal of the composite polymer PMMA-RM82. The result of the morphological analysis of composite surfaces performed by polarization optical microscopy (POM) technique showed liquid crystal textures affected composition from two monomers. SEM images show that the surface of the RM82 liquid crystal has a shape resembling fibrous and blade-like crystals with a length of up to 10 μm (micrometers). Analysis thermal showed the heat released by the PMMA-RM82 increased with the increase in MMA weight percent. This affects the rapid crystallization process of PMMA-RM82 which of concentration MMA 30%-RM82 the heat released is almost twice as much as the heat released by MMA 5%-RM82. The absence of PMMA and RM82 peaks both endothermic and exothermic in PMMA-RM82 samples indicates that polymerization has occurred and a new product has formed. Analysis structure molecule by FTIR found that the IR spectral form of each variation in the weight percent of MMA was almost the same, but there was a spectral shift that showed that polymerization had occurred in PMMA-RM82 which was characterized by a reaction to the free radical C=C bond released by the photoinitiator. XRD pattern of composite PMMA-RM82 showed the peaks formed are located at scattering angles similar to RM82 but there is a decrease in intensity as the percent weight of MMA increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrizal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yusmaniar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bryan Valentino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Asep Riswoko
- National Research and Innovation Agency, KST Habibie, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Karin Khairunnisa Gumilar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Kato T, Uchida J, Ishii Y, Watanabe G. Aquatic Functional Liquid Crystals: Design, Functionalization, and Molecular Simulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306529. [PMID: 38126650 PMCID: PMC10885670 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic functional liquid crystals, which are ordered molecular assemblies that work in water environment, are described in this review. Aquatic functional liquid crystals are liquid-crystalline (LC) materials interacting water molecules or aquatic environment. They include aquatic lyotropic liquid crystals and LC based materials that have aquatic interfaces, for example, nanoporous water treatment membranes that are solids preserving LC order. They can remove ions and viruses with nano- and subnano-porous structures. Columnar, smectic, bicontinuous LC structures are used for fabrication of these 1D, 2D, 3D materials. Design and functionalization of aquatic LC sensors based on aqueous/LC interfaces are also described. The ordering transitions of liquid crystals induced by molecular recognition at the aqueous interfaces provide distinct optical responses. Molecular orientation and dynamic behavior of these aquatic functional LC materials are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular interactions of LC materials and water are key of these investigations. New insights into aquatic functional LC materials contribute to the fields of environment, healthcare, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Ebina, 243-0435, Japan
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4
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Hamaguchi K, Sakamoto T, Kurahashi N, Harada Y, Kato T. Hydrogen-Bonded Structures of Water Molecules in Hydroxy-Functionalized Nanochannels of Columnar Liquid Crystalline Nanostructured Membranes Studied by Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:454-460. [PMID: 38189793 PMCID: PMC10801685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report a synchrotron-based high-resolution soft X-ray emission spectroscopy study on hydrogen-bonded structures of water molecules in the self-organized, hydroxy-group-functionalized one-dimensional nanochannels of liquid crystalline nanostructured membranes. The water molecules confined in the uncharged hydroxy-functionalized nanochannels (which have a diameter of about 1.5 nm) exhibit hydrogen-bonded structures close to those of bulk liquid water, even directly interacting with diol groups. These hydrogen-bonded structures contrast with the more distorted hydrogen bonding of water molecules confined in self-organized channels with a diameter of 0.6 nm formed by an analogous nanostructured membrane with a cationic moiety, which was explained by the ability of the channel functional groups to donate and accept hydrogen bonds in a confined space and the nanochannel diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Hamaguchi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakamoto
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoya Kurahashi
- Institute
for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University
of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Harada
- Institute
for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University
of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron
Radiation Collaborative Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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Pathan S, Islam SS, Sen Gupta R, Maity B, Reddy PR, Mandal S, Anki Reddy K, Bose S. Fundamental Understanding of Ultrathin, Highly Stable Self-Assembled Liquid Crystalline Graphene Oxide Membranes Leading to Precise Molecular Sieving through Non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7272-7284. [PMID: 37036338 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled graphene oxide lyotropic liquid crystal (GO LLC) structures are mostly formed in aqueous medium; however, most GO derivatives are water insoluble, so processing GO LLCs in water poses a practical limitation. The use of polar aprotic solvent (like dimethyl sulfoxide) for the formation of GO LLC structures would be interesting, because it would allow incorporating additives, like photoinitiators or cross-linkers, or blending with polymers that are insoluble in water, which hence would expand its scope. The well-balanced electrostatic interaction between DMSO and GO can promote and stabilize the GO nanosheets' alignment even at lower concentrations. With this in mind, herein we report mechanically robust, chlorine-tolerant, self-assembled nanostructured GO membranes for precise molecular sieving. Small-angle X-ray scattering and polarized optical microscopy confirmed the alignment of the modified GO nanosheets in polar aprotic solvent, and the LLC structure was effectively preserved even after cross-linking under UV light. We found that the modified GO membranes exhibited considerably improved salt rejection for monovalent ions (99%) and water flux (120 LMH) as compared to the shear-aligned GO membrane, which is well supported by forward osmosis simulation studies. Additionally, our simulation studies indicated that water molecules traveled a longer path while permeating through the GO membrane compared to the GO LLC membrane. Consequently, salt ions permeate slowly across the GO LLC membrane, yielding higher salt rejection than the GO membrane. This begins to suggest strong electrostatic repulsion with the salt ions, causing higher salt rejection in the GO LLC membrane. We foresee that the ordered cross-linked GO sheets contributed to excellent mechanical stability under a high-pressure, cross-flow, chlorine environment. Overall, these membranes are easily scalable, exhibit good mechanical stability, and represent a breakthrough for the potential use of polymerized GO LLC membranes in practical water remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Pathan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India
| | - Sk Safikul Islam
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India
| | - Ria Sen Gupta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India
| | - Barnali Maity
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India
| | - P Rajasekhar Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Samir Mandal
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India
| | - K Anki Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati-517619, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India
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Monti J, Concellón A, Dong R, Simmler M, Münchinger A, Huck C, Tegeder P, Nirschl H, Wegener M, Osuji CO, Blasco E. Two-Photon Laser Microprinting of Highly Ordered Nanoporous Materials Based on Hexagonal Columnar Liquid Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33746-33755. [PMID: 35849651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous materials relying on supramolecular liquid crystals (LCs) are excellent candidates for size- and charge-selective membranes. However, whether they can be manufactured using printing technologies remained unexplored so far. In this work, we develop a new approach for the fabrication of ordered nanoporous microstructures based on supramolecular LCs using two-photon laser printing. In particular, we employ photo-cross-linkable hydrogen-bonded complexes, that self-assemble into columnar hexagonal (Colh) mesophases, as the base of our printable photoresist. The presence of photopolymerizable groups in the periphery of the molecules enables the printability using a laser. We demonstrate the conservation of the Colh arrangement and of the adsorptive properties of the materials after laser microprinting, which highlights the potential of the approach for the fabrication of functional nanoporous structures with a defined geometry. This first example of printable Colh LC should open new opportunities for the fabrication of functional porous microdevices with potential application in catalysis, filtration, separation, or molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Monti
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ruiqi Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mira Simmler
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchinger
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Christian Huck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, Hedelberg 69120, Germany
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