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Zhai X, Liu X, Dong H, Lin M, Zheng X, Yang Q. Implementation of cytochrome c proteins and carbon nanotubes hybrids in bioelectrodes towards bioelectrochemical systems applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:159-168. [PMID: 37922017 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiheme cytochrome c (Cyt c) can function as a redox protein on electrode to accomplish bioelectrocatalysis. However, the direct electron transfer (DET) between the redox site of Cyt c and electrode is low due to the large coupling distance. A close proximity or a connection pathway from the deeply buried active site to the protein surface can be established by modifying the electrode with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve the DET. Therefore, the isolated Cyt c has been assembled or casted with CNTs by various processes to form Cyt c-CNTs bioelectrodes that can be further applied to biosensing and bioanalysis. These strategies can be transplanted to the fabrication of biofilm-CNTs based electrodes by complexing the out membrane (OM) Cyt c of natural electricigen with CNTs to realize the application of the electrochemical properties of "in vivo" Cyt c to bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). This review intends to highlight the preparation strategies of bioelectrodes that have been well studied in electrochemical biosensors and improving approaches of the DET from the CNTs surface to Cyt c in their hybrids. The efficient fabrication processes of the biofilm-CNTs based electrodes that can be considered as "in vivo" Cyt c-CNTs based electrodes for BES designs are also summarized, aiming to provide an inspiration source and a reference to the related studies of BES downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhen Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinzheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Lavanya V, Pavithra D, Mohanapriya A, Santhakumar K, Senthil Kumar A. A π-π Bonding-Assisted Molecular-Wiring of Folded-Cytochrome c and Naphthoquinone and Its Electron-Relay-Based Bioelectrocatalytic H 2O 2 Reduction Reaction Visualized by Redox-Competitive Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11556-11570. [PMID: 37429831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The electron-transfer (ET) reaction of cytochrome c (Cytc) protein with biomolecules is a cutting-edge research area of interest in understanding the functionalities of natural systems. Several electrochemical biomimicking studies based on Cytc-protein-modified electrodes prepared via electrostatic interaction and covalent bonding approaches have been reported. Indeed, natural enzymes involve multiple types of bonding, such as hydrogen, ionic, covalent, and π-π, etc. In this work, we explore a Cytc-protein chemically modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/CB@NQ/Cytc) prepared via π-π bonding using graphitic carbon as an underlying surface and an aromatic organic molecule, naphthoquinone (NQ), as a cofactor for an effective ET reaction. A simple drop-casting technique-based preparation of GCE/CB@NQ showed a distinct surface-confined redox peak at a standard electrode potential (E°) = -0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl (surface excess = 21.3 nmol cm-2) in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. A control experiment of modification of NQ on an unmodified GCE failed to show any such unique feature. For the preparation of GCE/CB@NQ/Cytc, a dilute solution of Cytc-pH 7 phosphate buffer was drop-cast on the GCE/CB@NQ surface, wherein the protein folding and denaturalization-based complication and its associated ET functionalities were avoided. Molecular dynamics simulation studies show the complexation of NQ with Cytc at the protein binding sites. The protein-bound surface shows an efficient and selective bioelectrocatalytic reduction performance of H2O2, as demonstrated using cyclic voltammetry and amperometric i-t techniques. Finally, the redox-competition scanning electrochemical microscopy (RC-SECM) technique was adopted for in situ visualization of the electroactive adsorbed surface. The RC-SECM images clearly show the regions of highly bioelectrocatalytic active sites of Cytc-proteins bound to NQ molecules on a graphitic carbon surface. The binding of Cytc with NQ has significant implications for studying the biological electron transport mechanism, and the proposed method provides the requisite framework for such a study.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lavanya
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide and Green Technology Research Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhamodharan Pavithra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Mohanapriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Santhakumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide and Green Technology Research Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Fabrication of a label-free electrochemical aptasensor to detect cytochrome c in the early stage of cell apoptosis. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:279. [PMID: 35829926 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A label-free direct electrochemical aptasensor is presented for the identification of cytochrome c (Cyt c) at the nM concentration level. Carbon nanofibers (CNF), as a highly conductive material, were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and thus increase its conductivity. Moreover, to enhance the immobilization of aptamers (Apt) on the electrode surface, graphene oxide functionalized with aspartic acid (GOAsp) was added to the surface. Aspartic acid with countless carboxyl groups (-COOH) on its surface caused more aptamers to be immobilized on the electrode surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to monitor the step-by-step fabrication of the label-free direct electrochemical aptasensor. The label-free quantification of Cyt c was also done by the direct electron transfer between the Fe(III)/Fe(II)-heme redox-active sites which were selectively bound to the aptamers on the GCE and the surface of the electrode. Under optimum conditions, the peak currents of differential pulse voltammograms at 0.26 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) were used for calibration. The proposed aptasensor performs in a wide dynamic range from 10 nM to 100 µM with a low detection limit of 0.74 nM for cytochrome c. It also has high selectivity as well as acceptable stability. These advantages make the biosensor capable of detecting early-stage apoptotic cells that contribute to early cancer diagnosis.
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Polymeric Dental Nanomaterials: Antimicrobial Action. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050864. [PMID: 35267686 PMCID: PMC8912874 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to describe and critically analyze studies published over the past four years on the application of polymeric dental nanomaterials as antimicrobial materials in various fields of dentistry. Nanoparticles are promising antimicrobial additives to restoration materials. According to published data, composites based on silver nanoparticles, zinc(II), titanium(IV), magnesium(II), and copper(II) oxide nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, calcium phosphate or fluoride nanoparticles, and nanodiamonds can be used in dental therapy and endodontics. Composites with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass proved to be of low efficiency for application in these fields. The materials applicable in orthodontics include nanodiamonds, silver nanoparticles, titanium(IV) and zinc(II) oxide nanoparticles, bioactive glass, and yttrium(III) fluoride nanoparticles. Composites of silver nanoparticles and zinc(II) oxide nanoparticles are used in periodontics, and nanodiamonds and silver, chitosan, and titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles are employed in dental implantology and dental prosthetics. Composites based on titanium(IV) oxide can also be utilized in maxillofacial surgery to manufacture prostheses. Composites with copper(II) oxide nanoparticles and halloysite nanotubes are promising materials in the field of denture prosthetics. Composites with calcium(II) fluoride or phosphate nanoparticles can be used in therapeutic dentistry for tooth restoration.
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Zheng Y, Wang D, Li X, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Fu L, Yin Y, Creech D. Biometric Identification of Taxodium spp. and Their Hybrid Progenies by Electrochemical Fingerprints. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:403. [PMID: 34677359 PMCID: PMC8534068 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of electrochemical fingerprints for plant identification is an emerging application in biosensors. In this work, Taxodium ascendens, T. distichum, T. mucronatum, and 18 of their hybrid progenies were collected for this purpose. This is the first attempt to use electrochemical fingerprinting for the identification of plant hybrid progeny. Electrochemical fingerprinting in the leaves of Taxodium spp. was recorded under two conditions. The results showed that the electrochemical fingerprints of each species and progeny possessed very suitable reproducibility. These electrochemical fingerprints represent the electrochemical behavior of electrochemically active substances in leaf tissues under specific conditions. Since these species and progenies are very closely related to each other, it is challenging to identify them directly using a particular electrochemical fingerprinting. Therefore, electrochemical fingerprints measured under different conditions were used to perform pattern recognition. We can identify different species and progenies by locating the features in different pattern maps. We also performed a phylogenetic study with data from electrochemical fingerprinting. The results proved that the electrochemical classification results and the relationship between them are closely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich, Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Da Wang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (D.W.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (D.W.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich, Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qingwei Zhou
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (D.W.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (D.W.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich, Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - David Creech
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA;
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Shumyantseva VV, Agafonova LE, Bulko TV, Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Yuan J, Pergushov DV, Sigolaeva LV. Electroanalysis of Biomolecules: Rational Selection of Sensor Construction. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S140-S151. [PMID: 33827405 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921140108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods of electrochemical analysis of biological objects based on the reaction of electro-oxidation/electro-reduction of molecules are presented. Polymer nanocomposite materials that modify electrodes to increase sensitivity of electrochemical events on the surface of electrodes are described. Examples of applications electrochemical biosensors constructed with nanocomposite material for detection of biological molecules are presented, advantages and drawbacks of different applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Lubov E Agafonova
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Bulko
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kuzikov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Rami A Masamrekh
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Dmitry V Pergushov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117991, Russia
| | - Larisa V Sigolaeva
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117991, Russia
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Sigolaeva LV, Bulko TV, Konyakhina AY, Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Max JB, Köhler M, Schacher FH, Pergushov DV, Shumyantseva VV. Rational Design of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer/MWCNT Surface Modifiers and Their Application for Direct Electrochemical Sensing of DNA. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071514. [PMID: 32650434 PMCID: PMC7407114 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the application of amphiphilic ionic poly(n-butylmethacrylate)-block- poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers (PnBMA40-b-PDMAEMA40, PnBMA40-b-PDMAEMA120, PnBMA70-b-PDMAEMA120) for dispersing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in aqueous media, a subsequent efficient surface modification of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), and the application of the modified SPEs for DNA electrochemistry. Stable and fine aqueous dispersions of MWCNTs were obtained with PnBMAx-b-PDMAEMAy diblock copolymers, regardless of the structure of the copolymer and the amount of MWCNTs in the dispersions. The effect of the diblock copolymer structure was important when the dispersions of MWCNTs were deposited as modifying layers on surfaces of SPEs, resulting in considerable increases of the electroactive surface areas and great acceleration of the electron transfer rate. The SPE/(PnBMAx-b-PDMAEMAy + MWCNT) constructs were further exploited for direct electrochemical oxidation of the guanine (G) and adenine (A) residues in a model salmon sperm double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Two well-defined irreversible oxidation peaks were observed at about +600 and +900 mV, corresponding to the electrochemical oxidation of G and A residues, respectively. A multi-parametric optimization of dsDNA electrochemistry enables one to get the limits of detection (LOD) as low as 5 μg/mL (0.25 μM) and 1 μg/mL (0.05 μM) for G and A residues, respectively. The achieved sensitivity of DNA assay enables quantification of the A and G residues of dsDNA in the presence of human serum and DNA in isolated human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Sigolaeva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.B.); (A.Y.K.); (A.V.K.); (R.A.M.); (D.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-40-42
| | - Tatiana V. Bulko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.B.); (A.Y.K.); (A.V.K.); (R.A.M.); (D.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Apollinariya Yu. Konyakhina
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.B.); (A.Y.K.); (A.V.K.); (R.A.M.); (D.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Alexey V. Kuzikov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.B.); (A.Y.K.); (A.V.K.); (R.A.M.); (D.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rami A. Masamrekh
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.B.); (A.Y.K.); (A.V.K.); (R.A.M.); (D.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Johannes B. Max
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany; (J.B.M.); (M.K.); (F.H.S.)
| | - Moritz Köhler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany; (J.B.M.); (M.K.); (F.H.S.)
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany; (J.B.M.); (M.K.); (F.H.S.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.B.); (A.Y.K.); (A.V.K.); (R.A.M.); (D.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Victoria V. Shumyantseva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.B.); (A.Y.K.); (A.V.K.); (R.A.M.); (D.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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