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Acquah S, Eghan BA, Boampong JN. Elevated adiponectin but varied response in circulating leptin levels to falciparum malaria in type 2 diabetics and non-diabetic controls. Biomed J 2016; 39:346-353. [PMID: 27884381 PMCID: PMC6138516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate effects of falciparum malaria on circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetic controls in relation to measures of adiposity. Methods Levels of leptin and adiponectin were measured in 100 type 2 diabetics and 100 age-matched controls before and during falciparum malaria in a 2-year prospective study. Also, waist circumference (WC), weight, height and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were computed. Results At baseline, diabetics had significantly (p < 0.05) higher WC and BMI but lower WHR, leptin and adiponectin levels. Baseline leptin correlated positively with WC (r = 0.633; p < 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.63; p < 0.001) in diabetics but only BMI (0.562; p < 0.001) in non-diabetic controls. Baseline leptin and adiponectin correlated positively (r = 0.249; p = 0.029) in non-diabetic respondents only. Adiponectin correlated negatively with WC (r = −0.58; p = 0.006) in diabetic males only. During malaria, mean levels of leptin and adiponectin were comparable (p > 0.05) between diabetics and controls. However, compared to baseline levels, significant (p < 0.001) elevation of adiponectin was found in both study groups. In respect of leptin, significant (p < 0.001) rise but decline was observed in diabetics and controls respectively. Malaria-induced leptin correlated negatively with adiponectin (r = −0.694; p < 0.001) in non-diabetic controls only. Conclusion Diabetics and controls exhibited increased adiponectin levels due to falciparum malaria but differed in response in terms of leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Acquah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Benjamin Ackon Eghan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Johnson Nyarko Boampong
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Robinson K, Jones M, Ordonez J, Grice J, Davidson B, Prins J, Venkatesh B. Random measurements of adiponectin and IL-6 may not be indicative of the 24-h profile in critically ill patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:892-8. [PMID: 23634964 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The anti-inflammatory role of adiponectin has prompted interest in a potential role in acute inflammatory conditions associated with critical illness. It is unclear whether a random adiponectin measurement adequately reflects the 24-h profile in critically ill patients. OBJECTIVE To assess the temporal profile of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 15 critically ill patients. DESIGN A prospective, observational study. SETTING Level II intensive care unit in a metropolitan hospital. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Fifteen critically ill patients expected to stay in the ICU for longer than 48 h were eligible for enrolment. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Serial, hourly measurements of total and HMW adiponectin and IL-6. RESULTS Over a 24-h period, total and HMW adiponectin display considerable within-patient variability (coefficient of variation 34% and 87% respectively) and show no trend over time. Averaging 2 or 3 continuous measures reduced within-patient variability of both total and HMW adiponectin by up to 50% compared to one measure. There was a negative correlation between serum glucose and adiponectin (total P = 0·016, HMW P = 0·039). No relationship existed between adiponectin and IL-6 (total P = 0·62, HMW P = 0·35). CONCLUSIONS Marked within-patient, hourly variability in total and HMW adiponectin is evident in critically ill patients. A random measurement may not be reflective of the 24-h profile in these patients. A negative correlation exists between adiponectin and blood glucose levels and a positive correlation between adiponectin and oxygen saturation. No clear relationship exists between adiponectin and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Robinson
- Intensive Care Unit, The Wesley Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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van der Wijden CL, Delemarre-van der Waal HA, van Mechelen W, van Poppel MNM. The concurrent validity between leptin, BMI and skin folds during pregnancy and the year after. Nutr Diabetes 2013; 3:e86. [PMID: 24018614 PMCID: PMC3789130 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: From a public health perspective it is important to know which of the currently used methods to estimate changes in maternal body fat during pregnancy and the year thereafter is the most adequate. Objectives: To evaluate the concurrent validity between leptin and surrogates of fat measures: body mass index (BMI) and the sum of four skin folds. Design: Data from the New Life(style) intervention study were analysed as a cohort study. Setting: Midwife practices in The Netherlands. Population: Healthy pregnant nulliparous women. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were done and blood was collected at 15, 25 and 35 weeks of pregnancy and at 6, 26 and 52 weeks after delivery. Data were used if at least 4 out of the 6 measurements were available, leaving 87 women in the analyses. Spearman's correlation coefficients between leptin and BMI and between leptin and the sum of skin folds were calculated for each time point and for the changes between the time points. Results: Correlations between leptin and BMI varied from 0.69 to 0.81. Correlations between leptin and the sum of skin folds were comparable, varying between 0.65 and 0.81. Correlations between changes in leptin and changes in BMI and the sum of skin folds, respectively, were much lower compared with cross-sectional correlations. Conclusion: Because of the high correlation among the three methods and because of the overlapping intervals, all methods seem to be equally adequate to estimate changes in maternal body fat during pregnancy and the year thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L van der Wijden
- 1] Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Gynaecology, Medisch Centrum Jan van Goyen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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McCourt HJ, Hunter SJ, Cardwell CR, Young IS, Murray LJ, Boreham CA, McEneny J, Woodside JV, McKinley MC. Adiponectin multimers, body weight and markers of cardiovascular risk in adolescence: Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:1247-53. [PMID: 23318722 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research examining the relationship between adiponectin (AN) isoforms, body weight and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is limited, particularly in younger populations. OBJECTIVES To investigate the inter-relationships between AN isoforms and CV risk factors, and their dependence on body weight status, in adolescents. DESIGN Blood samples from 92 obese, 92 overweight and 92 normal weight age- and sex-matched adolescents were analysed for traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk biomarkers and also total, high molecular weight (HMW), medium and low molecular weight (LMW) AN. RESULTS A significant inverse association was observed between total and HMW AN and waist-hip ratio (P=0.015, P=0.006, respectively), triglycerides (P=0.003, P=0.003, respectively) and systolic blood pressure (P=0.012, P=0.024, respectively) and a significant positive association with high-density lipoprotein (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively) in multi-adjusted analyses. There was no evidence of a relationship between multimeric AN and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. There was also little evidence of a relationship between LMW AN and CVD risk factors. There was a strong, body mass index (BMI)-independent, association between AN, CVD biomarkers and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype. CONCLUSION Prominent, BMI-independent associations between total and HMW AN, but not LMW AN, and CVD risk factors were already evident in this young population. This research in adolescents supports the contention that AN subfractions may have different biological actions. These associations in apparently healthy adolescents suggest an important role for AN and its subfractions in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome traits and indicate that the potential for total or HMW AN to act as early universal biomarkers of CV risk warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J McCourt
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Robinson K, Kruger P, Prins J, Venkatesh B. The metabolic syndrome in critically ill patients. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 25:835-45. [PMID: 21925082 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic support in intensive care is a rapidly evolving field with new information being gathered almost on a daily basis. In endocrine practice, over the last 20 years, researchers have focussed on a new entity, termed the "metabolic syndrome". This describes the constellation of abnormalities which include central adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation. All of these predispose the individual to a greater risk of cardiovascular events. Of interest is the observation that some of the metabolic abnormalities in sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of critical illness share several common features with that of the metabolic syndrome. In this chapter we describe the features of the metabolic syndrome as is understood in endocrine parlance, the metabolic abnormalities of critical illness and explore the common threads underlying the pathophysiology and the treatment of the two syndromes. The role of adiponectin in the metabolic abnormalities in both the metabolic syndrome and in sepsis are reviewed. The potential role of the pleiotropic effects of statins in the therapy of sepsis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Robinson
- Department of Intensive Care, Wesley Hospital, University of Queensland, Australia
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Fang TC, Lee CJ, Wang CH, Liou HH, Hsu BG. Fasting serum leptin level correlates with mid-arm fat area in peritoneal dialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial 2011; 14:583-8. [PMID: 21118367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2010.00847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptin correlates with body fat content and plays a pivotal role in inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate the relationships of fasting serum leptin levels and the anthropometric fat components among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 40 PD patients. Leptin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Body weight (r=0.424; P=0.006), waist circumference (r=0.352; P=0.026), body mass index (BMI; r=0.483; P=0.002), body fat mass (r=0.352; P=0.026), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; r=0.494; P=0.001), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF; r=0.505; P=0.001), mid-arm circumference (MAC; r=0.471; P=0.002), and mid-arm fat area (MAFA; r=0.564; P<0.001) were positively correlated, while high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (r=-0.345; P=0.028) was negatively correlated with fasting serum leptin levels among the PD patients. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis showed that MAFA (R(2)=0.318, P=0.011) was the independent predictor of fasting serum leptin levels among the PD patients. In conclusion, fasting leptin level was positively associated with body fat composition (body weight, waist circumference, BMI, body fat mass, TSF, MAC, and MAFA) and hs-CRP among PD patients, and MAFA was the independent predictor of fasting serum leptin levels among the PD patients.
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Lack of association between body mass index and plasma adiponectin levels in healthy adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 35:1487-94. [DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yoshinaga M, Takahashi H, Shinomiya M, Miyazaki A, Kuribayashi N, Ichida F. Impact of having one cardiovascular risk factor on other cardiovascular risk factor levels in adolescents. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:1167-75. [PMID: 20808052 DOI: 10.5551/jat.5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Little is known about the impact of having one cardiovascular (CV) risk factor on the levels of other CV risk factors in the general adolescent population. We hypothesized that when adolescents have one CV risk factor, the levels of other CV risk factors worsen simultaneously. METHODS Subjects consisted of 1,257 healthy adolescent volunteers (549 males and 708 females) aged 15-18 years. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, raised triglyceride levels, decreased HDL-cholesterol levels and hyperglycemia were used as CV risk factors. Homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance. Levels of four biomarkers, leptin, adiponectin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and desacyl-ghrelin, were also determined. Cut-offs for gender-specific individual CV risk factor levels were based on the 90th (or 10th) percentile values of the subjects in the present study. RESULTS The levels of all CV risk factors and HOMA-IR significantly and simultaneously worsened when adolescents had one CV risk factor in both genders. Having any one CV risk factor indicated the development of other CV risk factors in adolescents; in particular, we found that the development of abdominal obesity in male subjects had a harmful effect on the levels of other CV risk factors and was associated with the worsening of all four biomarkers examined. CONCLUSIONS It is important to determine the presence or absence of these CV risk factors before and/or during adolescence, because having one CV risk factor indicates the start of an accumulation of CV risk factors in the general adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Yoshinaga
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Dedoussis GVZ, Kapiri A, Samara A, Dimitriadis D, Lambert D, Pfister M, Siest G, Visvikis-Siest S. Expression of inflammatory molecules and associations with BMI in children. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:388-92. [PMID: 20345379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue secrets several adipokines that have been proposed to be enrolled in many inflammatory pathways. Our aim was to investigate the adipokine expression in adipose tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one (17 males and 14 females) healthy children aged 10.9 +/- 1.8 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 19.3 +/- 3.5 kg m(-2) were enrolled. Adipokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and leptin) gene expression was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR in adipose tissue and PBMCs from the same children. Their serum levels were also measured. RESULTS BMI was positively correlated with leptin gene expression in adipose tissue and with leptin serum levels (beta = 0.476, P = 0.006 and beta = 0.576, P = 0.003 respectively). Leptin's serum levels were positively correlated with leptin gene expression in adipose tissue (beta = 0.462, P = 0.02). Adipose tissue gene expression of leptin and TNF-alpha and serum leptin and TNF-alpha serum levels were positively correlated (beta = 0.752, P < 0.001, beta = 0.311 and P = 0.015 respectively). In PBMCs, a positive correlation between TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression was found (beta = 0.526, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION We demonstrated powerful correlations of adipokines gene expression in adipose tissue and PBMCs in children, underlying that these molecules share common pathways related to childhood obesity.
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Adiponectin and leptin serum concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:731-7. [PMID: 19597733 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is regarded as an active metabolic and endocrine organ producing adipokines. The purpose of the study was to evaluate adiponectin and leptin concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (pts) in relation to disease duration and activity. The study group consisted of 80 RA pts. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations remained within normal ranges. Adiponectin concentration correlated positively both with the age and disease duration. Both adipokines levels correlated negatively with glomerular filtration rate. There were significant positive correlations between adipokines' concentrations and lipid profile components (between adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol, leptin and total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol). In pts with long-standing RA, there was a negative correlation between adiponectin and numbers of tender, swollen joints and a positive relationship between leptin level and DAS28. The results confirm adipokines' involvement in the process of inflammation and atherosclerosis: protective and antiinflammatory adiponectin effect and proatherogenic and proinflammatory leptin function.
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Chang LC, Huang KC, Wu YW, Kao HL, Chen CL, Lai LP, Hwang JJ, Yang WS. The Clinical Implications of Blood Adiponectin in Cardiometabolic Disorders. J Formos Med Assoc 2009; 108:353-66. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Abstract
One of the most exciting cell biology fields of study concerns the physiology and pathology of fat. The basic assumptions once held concerning the function of adipose tissue have been shown to be oversimplified or sometimes completely wrong. Fat does more than store excess energy; it is actually the largest endocrine organ in the body, and it may be one of the most active. Adipocytes release hormones and other molecules that act on nearby tissues and travel through the vasculature to distant sites, such as the brain, skeletal muscle, and liver. Under conditions of normal weight, those signals help the body to suppress hunger, utilize glucose, and decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, under conditions of obesity, the hormones (or the proteins that bind the hormones) become abnormal and can result in states of chronic inflammation leading to diabetes and heart disease. In addition, excessive fat can lead to the accumulation of lipid droplets in nonfat cells, including skeletal and cardiac muscle. Although some lipid droplets are used as an immediate source of energy for cells, large numbers of stored droplets can cause cellular damage and cell death. The purposes of this article are to review the normal and deviant signals released by fat cells, to draw a link between those signals and chronic diseases such as diabetes, and to discuss the role of exercise in reversing some of the deviant signaling perpetrated by excess fat.
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