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Luthold RV, Fernandes GR, Franco-de-Moraes AC, Folchetti LGD, Ferreira SRG. Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals. Metabolism 2017; 69:76-86. [PMID: 28285654 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to immunomodulatory properties, vitamin D status has been implicated in several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders. There is evidence that its deficiency deteriorates the gut barrier favoring translocation of endotoxins into the circulation and systemic inflammation. Few studies investigated whether the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disorders would be mediated by the gut microbiota composition. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. The DESeq2 was used for comparisons of microbiota composition and the log2 fold changes (log2FC) represented the comparison against the reference level. The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. RESULTS Vitamin D intake was associated with its concentration (r=0.220, p=0.008). There were no significant differences in clinical and inflammatory variables across tertiles of intake. However, lipopolysaccharides increased with the reduction of 25(OH)D (p-trend <0.05). Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. CONCLUSION The role of vitamin D in the maintenance of immune homeostasis seems to occur in part by interacting with the gut microbiota. The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. Studies with appropriate design are necessary to address hypothesis raised in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata V Luthold
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Fernandes
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, René Rachou Research Center, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana G D Folchetti
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Banerjee A, Khemka VK, Roy D, Poddar J, Roy TKS, Karnam SA. Role of Serum Adiponectin and Vitamin D in Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:259-265. [PMID: 28236525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The roles of deficient or deranged insulin, adiponectin and 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels regulating food intake, energy metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism and body weight have been reported in the pathogenesis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, their congruity in the etiology of diabetes mellitus is unknown. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the roles of these parameters together and to establish their interrelationship in patients with prediabetes and diabetes. METHODS The preliminary cross-sectional study included 77 persons with type 2 diabetes who were matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI); 73 persons with prediabetes; and 52 healthy control subjects. Fasting serum levels of adiponectin, insulin and 25(OH)D were measured by commercially available immune assay kits, and routine biochemical parameters were analyzed in all study groups. RESULTS The results show statistically significant lower levels of serum adiponectin and serum 25(OH)D and higher serum insulin levels in persons with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes with respect to controls. The changes in the serum adiponectin or serum 25(OH)D in persons with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes were found to be inversely correlated with the serum levels of insulin. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis, with 25(OH)D, insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as the variables, revealed that serum adiponectin levels might be an independent risk factor for the progression of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in subjects. CONCLUSIONS The association of these hormones might act as a significant predictor of progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. Decreased serum adiponectin levels might be an independent risk factor for progression to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, which may help in developing experimental models of the disease or in identifying biomarkers or disease-modifying drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Haldia, India; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
| | - Vineet Kumar Khemka
- Department of Biochemistry, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Haldia, India; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Debashree Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Jit Poddar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Sinha Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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Kim KI, Jung HK, Kim CO, Kim SK, Cho HH, Kim DY, Ha YC, Hwang SH, Won CW, Lim JY, Kim HJ, Kim JG. Evidence-based guidelines for fall prevention in Korea. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:199-210. [PMID: 28049285 PMCID: PMC5214733 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Falls and fall-related injuries are common in older populations and have negative effects on quality of life and independence. Falling is also associated with increased morbidity, mortality, nursing home admission, and medical costs. Korea has experienced an extreme demographic shift with its population aging at the fastest pace among developed countries, so it is important to assess fall risks and develop interventions for high-risk populations. Guidelines for the prevention of falls were first developed by the Korean Association of Internal Medicine and the Korean Geriatrics Society. These guidelines were developed through an adaptation process as an evidence-based method; four guidelines were retrieved via systematic review and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II process, and seven recommendations were developed based on the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Because falls are the result of various factors, the guidelines include a multidimensional assessment and multimodal strategy. The guidelines were developed for primary physicians as well as patients and the general population. They provide detailed recommendations and concrete measures to assess risk and prevent falls among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Oh Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Cho
- Korean Physicians’ Association, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Yul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Jae Gyu Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea Tel: +82-2-6299-3147 Fax: +82-2-825-7571 E-mail:
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López-Méndez P, Sosa-Henríquez M, Ruiz-Pérez Á. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and visually evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 91:217-22. [PMID: 26896059 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible relationship between serum 25-OH vitamin D levels and visually evoked potentials (VEP) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), residents in the south zone of Gran Canaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 49 patients with MS, on whom 25-OH-vitamin D was determined, along with VEP, and a neurological examination to determine incapacity. Clinical variables, such as a history of optic neuritis were recorded. RESULTS The mean value of 25-OH-vitamin D of the patients was 28.1±9.5ng/ml. The VEP latency was 119.1±23.2ms and the amplitude, 8.5±4.4 μV. Patients with a higher 25-OH-vitamin D had a greater number of outbreaks in the year prior to the study (P=.049), and those with vitamin D deficiency and previous optic neuritis showed no reduction in the amplitude of the VEP (P=.006). CONCLUSION Patients with vitamin D deficiency have lower clinical activity of the MS and show no axonal involvement in VEP after having suffered optic neuritis. These relationships, although statistically significant, do not seem clinically plausible, thus new studies are needed to try and confirm this possible relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- P López-Méndez
- Unidad de Neurooftalmología, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Complejo Hospitalario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
| | - M Sosa-Henríquez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria. Unidad Metabólica Ósea. Complejo Hospitalario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Á Ruiz-Pérez
- Unidad de Neurooftalmología, Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Complejo Hospitalario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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Bidulescu A, Morris AA, Stoyanova N, Meng YX, Vaccarino V, Quyyumi AA, Gibbons GH. Association between Vitamin D and Adiponectin and Its Relationship with Body Mass Index: The META-Health Study. Front Public Health 2014; 2:193. [PMID: 25353014 PMCID: PMC4196512 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vitamin D and adiponectin levels are both associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have indicated that vitamin D levels are directly associated with adiponectin, and that this association varies across body mass index (BMI) categories; stronger with increasing BMI. Few studies examined this association in African-Americans (AA), known to have lower levels of vitamin D and adiponectin, and in whites. Methods: We assessed whether serum vitamin D is associated with serum adiponectin in a biracial population-based sample. Cross-sectional analyses were performed on 426 non-diabetic participants (218 whites and 208 AA) from the META-Health Study, a random sample from the metro Atlanta. Age-adjusted correlations and multivariable linear regression were used for analyses. We investigated the effect modification of the BMI categories of lean, overweight, and obese as defined by standard cut-points (25 and 30 kg/m2). Results: The mean (SD) age of our study sample was 50.5 (9) years. The mean (SD) levels of vitamin D were 27.4 (9.8) ng/mL in white women, 25.5 (9.3) ng/mL in white men, 16.9 (7.3) ng/mL in AA women, and 18.8 (7.3) ng/mL in AA men. The mean (SD) levels of adiponectin were 17.0 (17.1) μg/mL in white women, 9.9 (11.3) μg/mL in white men, 6.6 (4.8) μg/mL in AA women, and 9.4 (11.6) μg/mL in AA men. Among lean white women (n = 63), there was a significant direct association between vitamin D and adiponectin (β = 0.02, p = 0.04) after adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, income, and season of blood drawing. On the contrary, in lean AA women (n = 23), there was a significant inverse association (β = −0.06, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The association of vitamin D and adiponectin is dependent on race, gender, and BMI category. Among lean white women, there was a significant direct association, whereas in lean AA women the association was inverse. No association was present among obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Alanna A Morris
- Department of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Neli Stoyanova
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Meng
- Department of Family Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Gary H Gibbons
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Song Z, Guo Y, Zhou M, Zhang X. The PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway participates in calcitriol ameliorating podocyte injury in DN rats. Metabolism 2014; 63:1324-33. [PMID: 25044177 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway and podocyte impairment in DN rats as well as the protective effect of calcitriol. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control (NC), normal treated with calcitriol (NC+VD), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and DN treated with calcitriol (DN+VD); all VD rats were treated with 0.1 μg/kg/d calcitriol by gavage. DN model rats were established by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were sacrificed after 18 weeks of treatments. RESULTS In the present study, increased albuminuria was observed as early as 3 weeks of diabetes and continued to increase more than six-fold throughout the length of the study (18 weeks). Expectedly, animals receiving the treatment with calcitriol was protected from this increase, lower about one third. Meanwhile, the expression of podocyte specific markers, including nephrin and podocin, together with PI3K/p-Akt was significantly decreased in DN rats, whereas calcitriol reversed these above changes accompanied by elevated the expression levels of VDR. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the expression levels of nephrin and VDR (r = 0.776, P < 0.05). Likewise, the expression of nephrin was positively correlated with both PI3K-p85 and p-Akt (r = 0.736, P < 0.05; r = 0.855, P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway participates in calcitriol ameliorating podocyte injury in DN rats. The manipulation of calcitriol might act as a promising therapeutic intervention for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Song
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Yinfeng Guo
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 China.
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