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Aakerøy L, Cheng CW, Sustova P, Scrimgeour NR, Wahl SGF, Steinshamn S, Bowen TS, Brønstad E. Identification of exercise-regulated genes in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15505. [PMID: 36324300 PMCID: PMC9630761 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major risk factor for COPD and is linked to cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Exercise training as part of pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended for all COPD patients. It has several physiological benefits, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly defined. Here, we employed transcriptomic profiling and examined lung endothelium to investigate novel interactions between exercise and CS on cardiopulmonary alterations. Mice were exposed to 20 weeks of CS, CS + 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training on a treadmill, or control. Lung and cardiac (left and right ventricle) tissue were harvested and RNA-sequencing was performed and validated with RT-qPCR. Immunohistochemistry assessed pulmonary arteriolar changes. Transcriptome analysis between groups revealed 37 significantly regulated genes in the lung, 21 genes in the left ventricle, and 43 genes in the right ventricle (likelihood-ratio test). Validated genes that showed interaction between exercise and CS included angiotensinogen (p = 0.002) and resistin-like alpha (p = 0.019) in left ventricle, with prostacyclin synthetase different in pulmonary arterioles (p = 0.004). Transcriptomic profiling revealed changes in pulmonary and cardiac tissue following exposure to CS, with exercise training exerting rescue effects. Exercise-regulated genes included angiotensinogen and resistin-like alpha, however, it remains unclear if these represent potential candidate genes or biomarkers that could play a role during pulmonary rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Aakerøy
- Department of Thoracic MedicineSt. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health ScienceNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Chew W. Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Pavla Sustova
- Department of PathologySt. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Nathan R. Scrimgeour
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health ScienceNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Sigurd Steinshamn
- Department of Thoracic MedicineSt. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health ScienceNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - T. Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Eivind Brønstad
- Department of Thoracic MedicineSt. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health ScienceNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
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2
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Ballard KD, Timsina R, Timmerman KL. Influence of time of day and intermittent aerobic exercise on vascular endothelial function and plasma endothelin-1 in healthy adults. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1064-1071. [PMID: 33820455 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1907395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and elevated plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels may contribute to the higher incidence of adverse cardiovascular events observed in the morning hours. A single bout of intermittent exercise abolishes the diurnal variation in FMD. Studies examining the effects of exercise on vascular and plasma ET-1 responses at different times of day are lacking. We determined the effects of time of day and intermittent aerobic exercise on brachial artery FMD and plasma ET-1 levels in healthy adults. We hypothesized that lower brachial artery FMD in the morning (compared to the afternoon) will be accompanied by higher plasma ET-1 levels. Additionally, we hypothesized that the diurnal variation in brachial artery FMD and plasma ET-1 will be abolished by performing a single bout of intermittent aerobic exercise. Utilizing a randomized, cross-over design, healthy adults [n = 12; 22 ± 4 y; 25.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2] completed two separate trials: morning (08:00 h) and afternoon (16:00 h). Brachial artery FMD and plasma ET-1 were measured prior to and immediately following a bout of intermittent cycling performed at 70% peak Watts. Brachial artery FMD was lower (P < .05) at 08:00 h (4.4 ± 3.4%) compared to 16:00 h (6.3 ± 3.7%), but was unaffected by exercise (4.8 ± 3.9% and 5.7 ± 2.2% for 08:00 h and 16:00 h, respectively). Plasma ET-1 was unaffected by time of day. Compared to pre-exercise, plasma ET-1 decreased (P < .01) at both times of day. Our data indicate that circulating ET-1 levels do not explain the lower morning FMD in healthy adults. Further, a bout of intermittent exercise did not affect brachial artery FMD but decreased plasma ET-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Ballard
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Roshan Timsina
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle L Timmerman
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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3
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Camacho OM, Hedge A, Lowe F, Newland N, Gale N, McEwan M, Proctor C. Statistical analysis plan for "A randomised, controlled study to evaluate the effects of switching from cigarette smoking to using a tobacco heating product on health effect indicators in healthy subjects". Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 17:100535. [PMID: 32072070 PMCID: PMC7013164 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco harm reduction strategies aim to substitute smoking with potentially reduced risk products (PRRPs) such as e-cigarettes and tobacco-heating products (THPs). The health benefits of switching from smoking to PRRPs is unknown. A randomised controlled trial is being conducted to increase understanding of the health effects of switching from smoking to a THP in a 12-month long ambulatory study (ISRCTN81075760). Here we describe the study endpoints and the statistical analysis plan. Endpoints are divided into biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to tobacco smoke constituents and health effect indicators related to risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular and obstructive lung disease. These have been selected on the basis of extensive literature evidence. Three primary endpoints, augmentation index (risk factor for cardiovascular disease), total NNAL (linked to lung cancer) and 8-Epi-PGF2α type III (indicator of oxidative stress linked to various diseases), and multiple secondary endpoints will be analysed at 90, 180, and 360 days. Changes from baseline will be compared between study arms by specific contrasts in mixed models. Study wise multiple comparisons adjustments will be performed to account for multiplicity of timepoints and comparisons within timepoints. Generalisability of outcomes will be tested by a sensitivity analysis adjusting for age and gender. Importantly, an ancillary analysis will be performed to assess product compliance during the study based on plasma levels of CEVal, a surrogate marker for acrylonitrile exposure. The rationale underlying the selection of BoEs and health effect indicators, coupled with the statistical analysis plan will be central to understanding the potential health effects of replacing smoking with THP use for one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M. Camacho
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Andrew Hedge
- Covance Clinical Research Unit Ltd, Springfield House, Hyde Street, Leeds, Yorkshire, LS2 9LH, UK
| | - Frazer Lowe
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Nik Newland
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Nathan Gale
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Mike McEwan
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Christopher Proctor
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
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4
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Ahlström MG, Knudsen A, Ullum H, Gerstoft J, Kjaer A, Lebech AM, Hasbak P, Obel N. Association between smoking status assessed with plasma-cotinine and inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. HIV Med 2018; 19:679-687. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MG Ahlström
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A Knudsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital; Hvidovre Denmark
| | - H Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A Kjaer
- Department of Nuclear Physiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A-M Lebech
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P Hasbak
- Department of Nuclear Physiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
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Schoen T, Aeschbacher S, Leuppi JD, Miedinger D, Werthmüller U, Estis J, Todd J, Risch M, Risch L, Conen D. Subclinical sleep apnoea and plasma levels of endothelin-1 among young and healthy adults. Open Heart 2017; 4:e000523. [PMID: 28409007 PMCID: PMC5384465 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2016-000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a risk factor for vascular disease and other adverse outcomes. These associations may be at least partly due to early endothelin-1 (ET-1)-mediated endothelial dysfunction (ED). Therefore, we assessed the relationships between subclinical sleep apnoea and plasma levels of ET-1. Methods We performed a population-based study among 1255 young and healthy adults aged 25–41 years. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes or a body mass index >35 kg/m2 were exclusion criteria. Plasma levels of ET-1 were measured using a high-sensitivity, single-molecule counting technology. The relationships between subclinical sleep apnoea (OSA indices: respiratory event index (REI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), mean night-time blood oxygen saturation (SpO2)) and ET-1 levels were assessed by multivariable linear regression analysis. Results Median age of the cohort was 35 years. Median ET-1 levels were 2.9 (IQR 2.4–3.6) and 2.5 pg/mL (IQR 2.1–3.0) among patients with (n=105; 8%) and without subclinical sleep apnoea (REI 5–14), respectively. After multivariable adjustment, subclinical sleep apnoea remained significantly associated with plasma levels of ET-1 (β=0.13 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.20) p=0.0002 for a REI 5–14; β=0.10 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.16) p=0.003 for an ODI≥5). Every 1% decrease in mean night-time SpO2 increased ET-1 levels by 0.1 pg/mL, an association that remained significant after multivariable adjustment (β=0.02 (95% CI 0.003 to 0.033) p=0.02). Conclusions In this study of young and healthy adults, we found that participants with subclinical sleep apnoea had elevated plasma ET-1 levels, an association that was due to night-time hypoxaemia. Our results suggest that ED may already be an important consequence of subclinical sleep apnoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schoen
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Aeschbacher
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg D Leuppi
- Medical University Clinic of Baselland and Medical Faculty of Basel, Liestal/Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Miedinger
- Medical University Clinic of Baselland and Medical Faculty of Basel, Liestal/Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - John Todd
- Singulex, Inc, Alameda, California, USA
| | - Martin Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Schaan, Liechtenstein.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Schaan, Liechtenstein.,Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.,Private University, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - David Conen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiology Division, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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6
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A systematic review on the effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness reveals a differential response in the upper and lower arterial segments. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:146-172. [PMID: 27733765 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to provide insight into the controversy that still abounds as to the impact of acute aerobic exercise on immediate changes in arterial stiffness. Electronic databases were searched to identify articles assessing the effects of acute aerobic exercise on parameters of arterial stiffness. Eligible studies included arterial stiffness measurements before and after acute aerobic exercise in healthy human subjects. Forty-three studies were included. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness was found to be dependent on the anatomical segment assessed, and on the timing of the measurement post-exercise. Arterial stiffness of the central and upper body peripheral arterial segments was found to be increased relative to resting values immediately post-exercise (0-5 min), whereas, thereafter (>5 min), decreased to a level at or below resting values. In the lower limbs, proximal to the primary working muscles, arterial stiffness decreased immediately post-exercise (0-5 min), which persisted into the recovery period post-exercise (>5 min). This systematic review reveals a differential response to acute exercise in the lower and upper/central arterial segments in healthy adult subjects. We further showed that the effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness is dependent on the timing of the measurements post-exercise. Therefore, when assessing the overall impact of exercise on arterial stiffness, it is important to consider the arterial segment being analyzed and measurement time point, as failure to contextualize the measurement can lead to conflicting results and misleading clinical inferences.
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Halili L, Singh MS, Fujii N, Alexander LM, Kenny GP. Endothelin-1 modulates methacholine-induced cutaneous vasodilatation but not sweating in young human skin. J Physiol 2016; 594:3439-52. [PMID: 26846374 DOI: 10.1113/jp271735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endothelial-derived vasoconstrictor that may modulate cholinergic cutaneous vascular regulation. Endothelin receptors are also expressed on the human eccrine sweat gland, although it remains unclear whether ET-1 modulates cholinergic sweating. We investigated whether ET-1 attenuates cholinergic cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating through a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent mechanism. Our findings show that ET-1 attenuates methacholine-induced cutaneous vasodilatation through a NOS-independent mechanism. We also demonstrate that ET-1 attenuates cutaneous vasodilatation in response to sodium nitroprusside, suggesting that ET-1 diminishes the dilatation capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells. We show that ET-1 does not modulate methacholine-induced sweating at any of the administered concentrations. Our findings advance our knowledge pertaining to the peripheral control underpinning the regulation of cutaneous blood flow and sweating and infer that ET-1 may attenuate the heat loss responses of cutaneous blood flow, but not sweating. ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on cholinergic mechanisms of end-organs (i.e. skin blood vessels and sweat glands) for heat dissipation. We evaluated the hypothesis that ET-1 attenuates cholinergic cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating through a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent mechanism. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were assessed in three protocols: in Protocol 1 (n = 8), microdialysis sites were perfused with lactated Ringer solution (Control), 40 pm, 4 nm or 400 nm ET-1; in Protocol 2 (n = 11) sites were perfused with lactated Ringer solution (Control), 400 nm ET-1, 10 mm N(G) -nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA; a NOS inhibitor) or a combination of 400 nm ET-1 and 10 mm l-NNA; in Protocol 3 (n = 8), only two sites (Control and 400 nm ET-1) were utilized to assess the influence of ET-1 on the dilatation capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (sodium nitroprusside; SNP). Methacholine (MCh) was co-administered in a dose-dependent manner (0.0125, 0.25, 5, 100, 2000 mm, each for 25 min) at all skin sites. ET-1 at 400 nm (P < 0.05) compared to lower doses (40 pm and 4 nm) (all P > 0.05) significantly attenuated increases in CVC in response to 0.25 and 5 mm MCh. A high dose of ET-1 (400 nm) co-infused with l-NNA further attenuated CVC during 0.25, 5 and 100 mm MCh administration relative to the ET-1 site (all P < 0.05). Cutaneous vasodilatation in response to SNP was significantly blunted after administration of 400 nm ET-1 (P < 0.05). We show that ET-1 attenuates cutaneous vasodilatation through a NOS-independent mechanism, possibly through a vascular smooth muscle cell-dependent mechanism, and methacholine-induced sweating is not altered by ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyra Halili
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maya Sarah Singh
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Department of Kinesiology, Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Paschou SA, Spyrou N, Mantzoros CS. Research advances in metabolism 2015. Metabolism 2016; 65:27-37. [PMID: 26892513 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula A Paschou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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