1
|
Renard E, Thevenard-Berger A, Meyre D. Medical semiology of patients with monogenic obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13797. [PMID: 38956946 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Patients with monogenic obesity display numerous medical features on top of hyperphagic obesity, but no study to date has provided an exhaustive description of their semiology. Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases from inception to January 2022 to identify studies that described symptoms of patients carrying pathogenic mutations in at least one of eight monogenic obesity genes (ADCY3, LEP, LEPR, MC3R, MC4R, MRAP2, PCSK1, and POMC). Of 5207 identified references, 269 were deemed eligible after title and abstract screening, full-text reading, and risk of bias and quality assessment. Data extraction included mutation spectrum and mode of inheritance, clinical presentation (e.g., anthropometry, energy intake and eating behaviors, digestive function, puberty and fertility, cognitive features, infectious diseases, morphological characteristics, chronic respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease), biological characteristics (metabolic profile, endocrinology, hematology), radiological features, and treatments. The review provides an exhaustive description of mandatory, non-mandatory, and unique symptoms in heterozygous and homozygous carriers of mutation in eight monogenic obesity genes. This information is critical to help clinicians to orient genetic testing in subsets of patients with suspected monogenic obesity and provide actionable treatments (e.g., recombinant leptin and MC4R agonist).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Renard
- INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | - David Meyre
- INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen S, Liang B, Xu J. Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations. J Transl Med 2024; 22:459. [PMID: 38750573 PMCID: PMC11094970 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads to variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges for clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as a promising approach to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discussed the reported markers of MSCs, encompassing those developed through candidate marker strategies and high-throughput approaches, with the aim of explore viable strategies for addressing the heterogeneity of MSCs and illuminate prospective research directions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Liang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Fuqiang Avenue 1001, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adeva-Andany MM, Domínguez-Montero A, Adeva-Contreras L, Fernández-Fernández C, Carneiro-Freire N, González-Lucán M. Body Fat Distribution Contributes to Defining the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Human Diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e160823219824. [PMID: 37587805 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230816111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The risk for metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity is defined by body fat distribution rather than global adiposity. Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (including hepatic steatosis) reflects insulin resistance and predicts type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In humans, available evidence indicates that the ability to store triglycerides in the subcutaneous adipose tissue reflects enhanced insulin sensitivity. Prospective studies document an association between larger subcutaneous fat mass at baseline and reduced incidence of impaired glucose tolerance. Case-control studies reveal an association between genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and a lower amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPAR-γ) promotes subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and subcutaneous fat deposition, improving insulin resistance and reducing visceral fat. Thiazolidinediones reproduce the effects of PPAR-γ activation and therefore increase the amount of subcutaneous fat while enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing visceral fat. Partial or virtually complete lack of adipose tissue (lipodystrophy) is associated with insulin resistance and its clinical manifestations, including essential hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-c, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Patients with Prader Willi syndrome manifest severe subcutaneous obesity without insulin resistance. The impaired ability to accumulate fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue may be due to deficient triglyceride synthesis, inadequate formation of lipid droplets, or defective adipocyte differentiation. Lean and obese humans develop insulin resistance when the capacity to store fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is exhausted and deposition of triglycerides is no longer attainable at that location. Existing adipocytes become large and reflect the presence of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Montero
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Fernández-Fernández
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Natalia Carneiro-Freire
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Lucán
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Assis GG, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. Exercise and Weight Management: The Role of Leptin-A Systematic Review and Update of Clinical Data from 2000-2022. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4490. [PMID: 37445524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-balanced metabolism means a lower risk for metabolism-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Leptin is a secretory adipokine involved in the central control of appetite that appears to play a role in the etiology of feeding-related disorders. Additionally, the influence of exercise on feeding behaviors potentially modulates the circulation of metabolites that signal through the central nervous system. In this systematic review, we collected the recent clinical evidence on the effect of exercise on leptin concentrations in health individuals published from 2000 to 20 September 2022, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA 2020 statement). Six hundred and thirty-eight papers were retrieved and forty-eight papers were included in the qualitative synthesis. Data supports that exercise positively influences appetite via enhancing peripheral and central leptin signaling (reuptake), especially during weight loss. Exercise modulation of leptin signaling through leptin receptors helps to stabilize increases in food intake during periods of negative energy balance, prior to a decrease in the body fat tissue content. At a high intensity, exercise appears to counteract leptin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mazen IH, El-Gammal MA, Elaidy AA, Anwar GM, Ashaat EA, Abdel-Ghafar SF, Abdel-Hamid MS. Congenital leptin and leptin receptor deficiencies in nine new families: identification of six novel variants and review of literature. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:919-929. [PMID: 37140700 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood obesity is a real public health problem worldwide. Identifying the etiologies, especially treatable and preventable causes, can direct health professionals toward proper management. Measurement of serum leptin levels is helpful in the diagnosis of congenital leptin and leptin receptor deficiencies which are considered important rare causes of early childhood obesity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of LEP, LEPR, and MC4R gene variants among a cohort of Egyptian patients with severe early onset obesity. The current cross-sectional study included 30 children who developed obesity during the first year of life with BMI > 2SD (for age and sex). The studied patients were subjected to full medical history taking, anthropometric measurements, serum leptin and insulin assays, and genetic testing of LEP, LEPR and MC4R. Disease causing variants in LEP and LEPR were identified in 10/30 patients with a detection rate of 30%. Eight different homozygous variants (two pathogenic, three likely pathogenic, and three variants of uncertain significant) were identified in the two genes, including six previously unreported LEPR variants. Of them, a new frameshift variant in LEPR gene (c.1045delT, p.S349Lfs*22) was recurrent in two unrelated families and seems to have a founder effect in our population. In conclusion, we reported ten new patients with leptin and leptin receptor deficiencies and identified six novel LEPR variants expanding the mutational spectrum of this rare disorder. Furthermore, the diagnosis of these patients helped us in genetic counseling and patients' managements specially with the availability of drugs for LEP and LEPR deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inas H Mazen
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Gammal
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya A Elaidy
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Anwar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Abdel-Ghafar
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Eltahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Eltahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Körner A, Stein R, Landgraf K. Beyond genetic screening-functionality-based precision medicine in monogenic obesity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:143-144. [PMID: 36822741 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Körner
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Robert Stein
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shah BP, Sleiman PM, Mc Donald J, Moeller IH, Kleyn P. Functional characterization of all missense variants in LEPR, PCSK1, and POMC genes arising from single-nucleotide variants. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:209-219. [PMID: 36864747 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2179985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperphagia and early-onset, severe obesity are clinical characteristics of rare melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway diseases due to loss-of-function (LOF) variants in genes comprising the MC4R pathway. In vitro functional characterization of 12,879 possible exonic missense variants from single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of LEPR, POMC, and PCSK1 was performed to determine the impact of these variants on protein function. METHODS SNVs of the three genes were transiently transfected into cell lines, and each variant was subsequently classified according to functional impact. We validated three assays by comparing classifications against functional characterization of 29 previously published variants. RESULTS Our results significantly correlated with previously published pathogenic categories (r = 0.623; P = 3.03 × 10-4) of all potential missense variants arising from SNVs. Of all observed variants identified through available databases and a tested cohort of 16,061 patients with obesity, 8.6% of LEPR, 63.2% of PCSK1, and 10.6% of POMC variants exhibited LOF, including variants currently classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). CONCLUSIONS The functional data provided here can assist in the reclassification of several VUS in LEPR, PCSK1, and POMC and highlight their impact in MC4R pathway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik P Shah
- Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Boston, MA, USA
- Bridgebio Pharma, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | - Ida H Moeller
- Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Boston, MA, USA
- Sarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Patel P, Selvaraju V, Babu JR, Wang X, Geetha T. Racial Disparities in Methylation of NRF1, FTO, and LEPR Gene in Childhood Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2030. [PMID: 36360268 PMCID: PMC9690504 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has affected the health of millions of children around the world despite vigorous efforts by health experts. The obesity epidemic in the United States has disproportionately afflicted certain racial and ethnic minority groups. African American children are more likely than other children to have obesity-related risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For the reduction in obesity-related health inequalities to be successful, it is essential to identify the variables affecting various groups. A notable advancement in epigenetic biology has been made over the past decade. Epigenetic changes like DNA methylation impact on many genes associated with obesity. Here, we evaluated the DNA methylation levels of the genes NRF1, FTO, and LEPR from the saliva of children using real-time quantitative PCR-based multiplex MethyLight technology. ALU was used as a reference gene, and the Percent of Methylated Reference (PMR) was calculated for each sample. European American children showed a significant increase in PMR of NRF1 and FTO in overweight/obese participants compared to normal weight, but not in African American children. After adjusting for maternal education and annual family income by regression analysis, the PMR of NRF1 and FTO was significantly associated with BMI z-score only in European American children. While for the gene LEPR, African American children had higher methylation in normal weight participants as compared to overweight/obese and no methylation difference in European American children. The PMR of LEPR was significantly negative associated with the obesity measures only in African American children. These findings contribute to a race-specific link between NRF1, FTO, and LEPR gene methylation and childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshni Patel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hinney A, Körner A, Fischer-Posovszky P. The promise of new anti-obesity therapies arising from knowledge of genetic obesity traits. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:623-637. [PMID: 35902734 PMCID: PMC9330928 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial and complex disease that often manifests in early childhood with a lifelong burden. Polygenic and monogenic obesity are driven by the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Polygenic variants are frequent and confer small effect sizes. Rare monogenic obesity syndromes are caused by defined pathogenic variants in single genes with large effect sizes. Most of these genes are involved in the central nervous regulation of body weight; for example, genes of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. Clinically, patients with monogenic obesity present with impaired satiety, hyperphagia and pronounced food-seeking behaviour in early childhood, which leads to severe early-onset obesity. With the advent of novel pharmacological treatment options emerging for monogenic obesity syndromes that target the central melanocortin pathway, genetic testing is recommended for patients with rapid weight gain in infancy and additional clinical suggestive features. Likewise, patients with obesity associated with hypothalamic damage or other forms of syndromic obesity involving energy regulatory circuits could benefit from these novel pharmacological treatment options. Early identification of patients affected by syndromic obesity will lead to appropriate treatment, thereby preventing the development of obesity sequelae, avoiding failure of conservative treatment approaches and alleviating stigmatization of patients and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy and University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Antje Körner
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Child, Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Farhadi Z, Azizian H, Haji-Seyed-Javadi R, Khaksari M. A review: Effects of estrogen and estrogen receptor modulators on leptin resistance: Mechanisms and pathway. OBESITY MEDICINE 2022; 34:100446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2022.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
|
11
|
Molina-Ayala MA, Rodríguez-Amador V, Suárez-Sánchez R, León-Solís L, Gómez-Zamudio J, Mendoza-Zubieta V, Cruz M, Suárez-Sánchez F. Expression of obesity- and type-2 diabetes-associated genes in omental adipose tissue of individuals with obesity. Gene X 2022; 815:146181. [PMID: 34995730 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two pathologies that share metabolic abnormalities in most of the cases; however, there are differences as well. Some studies have reported that approximately 30% of obese patients have normal glucose and lipid levels in blood despite an accumulation of abdominal adipose tissue. Here, we compare the gene expression in adipose tissue of several genes associated with obesity and/or diabetes between obese patients without T2D and obese patients with T2D. METHODS Omental adipose tissue was collected during the patients elective bariatric surgery. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. Phenotypic variables were correlated with gene expression and 2^-ΔΔCt relative expression analysis between groups was performed. RESULTS The stronger correlations in the obese without T2D or reference group was between ICAM1 and HbA1c; HP and TC and LDL while in the obese with diabetes or case group the correlation occurred between CSF1 and BMI. A correlation between HP and TC was found in the case group as well. The expression of VEGFA, CCND2, IL1R1 and PTEN was downregulated in the obese with T2D group. CONCLUSIONS This study identified genes whose expression is different between obese subjects with and without diabetes. Those genes are related to inflammation, cholesterol transport, adipocyte differentiation/expansion and browning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Molina-Ayala
- Diabetes and Obesity Clinic, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, CP 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Amador
- Medical and Biochemistry Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, CP 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Suárez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, 6th floor, CENIAQ, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lizbel León-Solís
- Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Gómez-Zamudio
- Medical and Biochemistry Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, CP 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victoria Mendoza-Zubieta
- Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, CP 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Medical and Biochemistry Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, CP 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Suárez-Sánchez
- Medical and Biochemistry Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, CP 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Assis GG, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. Leptin-A Potential Bridge between Fat Metabolism and the Brain's Vulnerability to Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235714. [PMID: 34884416 PMCID: PMC8658385 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and being overweight have been described as potential causes of neurological disorders. Leptin, a peptide expressed in fat tissue, importantly participates in energy homeostasis and storage and has recently been identified for its signaling receptors in neuronal circuits of the brain. AIM To elucidate whether the endogenous modulation of leptin can be a protection against neuropsychiatric disorders. METHOD A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA-P method, and reports of studies containing data of leptin concentrations in healthy individuals with or without obesity were retrieved from the PubMed database, using the combinations of Mesh terms for "Leptin" and "Metabolism". RESULTS Forty-seven randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, dating from 2000 to 2021, were included in the qualitative synthesis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Leptin secretion displays a stabilizing pattern that is more sensitive to a negative energy intake imbalance. Leptin levels influence body weight and fat mass as a pro-homeostasis factor. However, long-term exposure to elevated leptin levels may lead to mental/behavioral disorders related to the feeding and reward systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sports, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Behavioral Endocrinology—BELab—Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Koerber-Rosso I, Brandt S, von Schnurbein J, Fischer-Posovszky P, Hoegel J, Rabenstein H, Siebert R, Wabitsch M. A fresh look to the phenotype in mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants of the leptin and the leptin receptor gene. Mol Cell Pediatr 2021; 8:10. [PMID: 34448070 PMCID: PMC8390564 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) play a major role in energy homeostasis, metabolism, and reproductive function. While effects of biallelic likely pathogenic variants (-/-) on the phenotype are well characterized, effects of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants (wt/-) in the LEP and LEPR gene on the phenotype compared to wild-type homozygosity (wt/wt) have not been systematically investigated. We identified in our systematic review 44 animal studies (15 on Lep, 29 on Lepr) and 39 studies in humans reporting on 130 mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 20 distinct LEP variants and 108 heterozygous mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 35 distinct LEPR variants. We found indications for a higher weight status in carriers of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant in the leptin and in the leptin receptor gene compared to wt/wt, in both animal and human studies. In addition, animal studies showed higher body fat percentage in Lep and Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Animal studies provided indications for lower leptin levels in Lep wt/- vs. wt/wt and indications for higher leptin levels in Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Data on leptin levels in human studies was limited. Evidence for an impaired metabolism in mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants of the leptin and in leptin receptor gene was not conclusive (animal and human studies). Mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants in the leptin and in leptin receptor gene have phenotypic effects disposing to increased body weight and fat accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Koerber-Rosso
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brandt
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Hoegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannah Rabenstein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Berger C, Heyne HO, Heiland T, Dommel S, Höfling C, Guiu-Jurado E, Roßner S, Dannemann M, Kelso J, Kovacs P, Blüher M, Klöting N. A novel compound heterozygous leptin receptor mutation causes more severe obesity than in Lepr db/db mice. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100105. [PMID: 34390703 PMCID: PMC8450258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The leptin receptor (Lepr) pathway is important for food intake regulation, energy expenditure, and body weight. Mutations in leptin and the Lepr have been shown to cause early-onset severe obesity in mice and humans. In studies with C57BL/6NCrl mice, we found a mouse with extreme obesity. To identify a putative spontaneous new form of monogenic obesity, we performed backcross studies with this mouse followed by a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and sequencing of the selected chromosomal QTL region. We thereby identified a novel Lepr mutation (C57BL/6N-LeprL536Hfs*6-1NKB), which is located at chromosome 4, exon 11 within the CRH2-leptin-binding site. Compared with C57BL/6N mice, LeprL536Hfs*6 develop early onset obesity and their body weight exceeds that of Leprdb/db mice at an age of 30 weeks. Similar to Leprdb/db mice, the LeprL536Hfs*6 model is characterized by hyperphagia, obesity, lower energy expenditure and activity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia compared with C57BL/6N mice. Crossing Leprdb/wt with LeprL536Hfs*6/wt mice results in compound heterozygous LeprL536Hfs*6/db mice, which develop even higher body weight and fat mass than both homozygous Leprdb/db and LeprL536Hfs*6 mice. Compound heterozygous Lepr deficiency affecting functionally different regions of the Lepr causes more severe obesity than the parental homozygous mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Berger
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrike O Heyne
- Medical Department, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland: FIMM, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tina Heiland
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dommel
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Höfling
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Dannemann
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janet Kelso
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kempf E, Vogel M, Vogel T, Kratzsch J, Landgraf K, Kühnapfel A, Gausche R, Gräfe D, Sergeyev E, Pfäffle R, Kiess W, Stanik J, Körner A. Dynamic alterations in linear growth and endocrine parameters in children with obesity and height reference values. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 37:100977. [PMID: 34386750 PMCID: PMC8343253 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can affect linear growth of children but there is uncertainty regarding the dynamics and potential causes. METHODS In the population-based LIFE Child and the obesity-enriched Leipzig Obesity Childhood cohorts (8,629 children, 37,493 measurements), recruited from 1999 to 2018 in Germany, we compared height, growth, and endocrine parameters between normal-weight and children with obesity (0-20 years). Derived from the independent German CrescNet registry (12,703 children) we generated height reference values specific for children with obesity (data collected from 1999 to 2020). FINDINGS Children with obesity were significantly taller than normal-weight peers, differing at maximum by 7·6 cm (1·4 height, standard deviation scores or SDS) at age 6-8 years. Already at birth, children with obesity were slightly taller and thereafter had increased growth velocities by up to 1·2 cm/year. This growth acceleration was unrelated to parental height, but was accompanied by increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin and leptin. During puberty, children with obesity showed a catch-down in height SDS. The reduction in pubertal growth velocity by up to 25% coincided with a decrease in levels of IGF-1 (by 17%) and testosterone (by 62%) in boys and estradiol (by 37%) in girls. We confirmed these alterations in growth in the independent CrescNet cohort and furthermore provide height reference values for children with obesity for open access. INTERPRETATION Dynamics of linear growth are altered distinctively in different developmental phases in children with obesity. Early emergence before other profound comorbidities implies predisposition, environmental, and/or endocrine factors affecting growth in early life. Height reference values for children with obesity may enhance the precision of clinical health surveillance. FUNDING German Research Foundation, German Diabetes Association, EU, ESF, ERDF, State of Saxony, ESPE, Hexal, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Pharma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kempf
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstr.19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Tim Vogel
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstr.19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Liebigstr. 27b, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstr.19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Andreas Kühnapfel
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Härtelstr. 16-18, Leipzig 04107, Germany
| | - Ruth Gausche
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Growth Network CrescNet, Liebigstr. 20a, Leipzig 04103, Germany,
| | - Daniel Gräfe
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Pediatric Radiology, Liebigstr. 20a, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Elena Sergeyev
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstr.19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Roland Pfäffle
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstr.19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstr.19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Juraj Stanik
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstr.19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Comenius University, Medical Faculty and Children Faculty Hospital, First Department of Pediatrics, Limbova 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia and Slovak Academy of Sciences, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, DIABGENE Laboratory, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 05, Slovakia
| | - Antje Körner
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstr.19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Berger C, Klöting N. Leptin Receptor Compound Heterozygosity in Humans and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4475. [PMID: 33922961 PMCID: PMC8123313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin and its receptor are essential for regulating food intake, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and fertility. Mutations within leptin or the leptin receptor cause early-onset obesity and hyperphagia, as described in human and animal models. The effect of both heterozygous and homozygous variants is much more investigated than compound heterozygous ones. Recently, we discovered a spontaneous compound heterozygous mutation within the leptin receptor, resulting in a considerably more obese phenotype than described for the homozygous leptin receptor deficient mice. Accordingly, we focus on compound heterozygous mutations of the leptin receptor and their effects on health, as well as possible therapy options in human and animal models in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Berger
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nora Klöting
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|