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Mohd Hanafiah Z, Wan Mohtar WHM, Abd Manan TS, Bachi NA, Abu Tahrim N, Abd Hamid HH, Ghanim A, Ahmad A, Wan Rasdi N, Abdul Aziz H. Determination and risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in the urban water cycle in Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14719. [PMID: 36748091 PMCID: PMC9899055 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental fate of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the urban water cycle is still uncertain and their status is mainly assessed based on specific water components and information on human risk assessments. This study (a) explores the environmental fate of NSAIDs (ibuprofen, IBU; naproxen, NAP; ketoprofen, KET; diazepam, DIA; and diclofenac, DIC) in the urban water cycle, including wastewater, river, and treated water via gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GCMS), (b) assesses the efficiency of reducing the targeted NSAIDs in sewage treatment plant (STP) using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and (c) evaluates the ecological risk assessment of these drugs in the urban water cycle via teratogenic index (TI) and risk quotient (RQ). The primary receptor of contaminants comes from urban areas, as a high concentration of NSAIDs is detected (ranging from 5.87 × 103 to 7.18 × 104 ng/L). The percentage of NSAIDs removal in STP ranged from 25.6% to 92.3%. The NAP and KET were still detected at trace levels in treated water, indicating the persistent presence in the water cycle. The TI values for NAP and DIA (influent and effluent) were more than 1, showing a risk of a teratogenic effect. The IBU, KET, and DIC had values of less than 1, indicating the risk of lethal embryo effects. The NAP and DIA can be classified as Human Pregnancy Category C (2.1 > TI ≥ 0.76). This work proved that these drugs exist in the current urban water cycle, which could induce adverse effects on humans and the environment (RQ in high and low-risk categories). Therefore, they should be minimized, if not eliminated, from the primary sources of the pollutant (i.e., STPs). These pollutants should be considered a priority to be monitored, given focus to, and listed in the guideline due to their persistent presence in the urban water cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,Environmental Management Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Teh Sabariah Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia,School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aina Bachi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nurfaizah Abu Tahrim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abdulnoor Ghanim
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amirrudin Ahmad
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia,Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Wan Rasdi
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia,Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
| | - Hamidi Abdul Aziz
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Solcova O, Krystynik P, Dytrych P, Bumba J, Kastanek F. Typical groundwater contamination in the vicinity of industrial brownfields and basic methods of their treatment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113325. [PMID: 35182798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The article deals with simple methods of decontamination of groundwater from the vicinity of brownfields contaminated with organic and inorganic substances. In the literature, thousands of articles on this issue at various sophisticated levels of knowledge can be found. The articles are mostly suitable as an extension of scientific knowledge; however, regarding potential costs and respectively scale-up problems, the applications are limited. It turns out that the vast majority of contaminated water can be effectively decontaminated by simple methods, in a coagulation-sedimentation sequence → simple oxidation and reduction methods for separated water (Fenton reaction, photocatalysis, ozonation, reductive dehalogenation with zero metals) → adsorption of remaining pollutants on simple sorbents, eg on biochar → (possibly bioremediation or advanced physical methods such as membrane filtration) → final purification on activated carbon. Due to the usually limited volume loads of soils with pollutants in the vicinity of brownfields, it is not economically advantageous to build demanding decontamination units for water purification. Usually, the simplest solution is the system to pump-and-treat around the source of contamination, with the main emphasis on highly effective removal of pollutants from water that returns underground. Groundwater was taken from boreholes leading to the saturated zone in the vicinity of several selected industrial brownfields. The solutions are shown on individual typical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Solcova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krystynik
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environment, University of J. E. Purkyne, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Dytrych
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Bumba
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kastanek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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SiO2 based nanocomposite for simultaneous magnetic removal and discrimination of small pollutants in water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abd Manan TSB, Beddu S, Mohamad D, Mohd Kamal NL, Itam Z, Khan T, Jusoh H, Abdul Rahman NA, Mohamed Nazri F, Mohd Yapandi MFK, Wan Mohtar WHM, Isa MH, Che Muda Z, Ahmad A, Wan Rasdi N. Physicochemical properties of absorbent hydrogel polymers in disposable baby diapers. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Strength enhancement of concrete using incinerated agricultural waste as supplementary cement materials. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12722. [PMID: 34135374 PMCID: PMC8209195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The potassium (K) and sodium (Na) elements in banana are needed for hydration reaction that can enhance the strength properties of concrete. This research aims (a) to determine the material engineering properties of banana skin ash (BSA) and concrete containing BSA, (b) to measure the strength enhancement of concrete due to BSA, and (c) to identify optimal application of BSA as supplementary cement materials (SCM) in concrete. The BSA characterization were assessed through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Blaine’s air permeability. The workability, compressive strength, and microstructures of concrete containing BSA were analysed using slump test, universal testing machine (UTM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A total of 15 oxides and 19 non-oxides elements were identified in BSA with K (43.1%) the highest and Na was not detected. At 20 g of mass, the BSA had a higher bulk density (198.43 ± 0.00 cm3) than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (36.32 ± 0.00 cm3) indicating availability of large surface area for water absorption. The concrete workability was reduced with the presence of BSA (0% BSA: > 100 mm, 1% BSA: 19 ± 1.0 mm, 2%: 15 ± 0.0 mm, 3% BSA: 10 ± 0.0 mm). The compressive strength increased with the number of curing days. The concrete microstructures were improved; interfacial transition zones (ITZ) decreased with an increase of BSA. The optimal percentage of BSA obtained was at 1.25%. The established model showed significant model terms (Sum of Squares = 260.60, F value = 69.84) with probability of 0.01% for the F-value to occur due to noise. The established model is useful for application in construction industries.
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Adeola AO, Forbes PBC. Advances in water treatment technologies for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Existing concepts, emerging trends, and future prospects. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:343-359. [PMID: 32738166 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, environmental experts have focused on the development of several biological, chemical, physical, and thermal methods/technologies for remediation of PAH-polluted water. Some of the findings have been applied to field-scale treatment, while others have remained as prototypes and semi-pilot studies. Existing treatment options include extraction, chemical oxidation, bioremediation, photocatalytic degradation, and adsorption (employing adsorbents such as biomass derivatives, geosorbents, zeolites, mesoporous silica, polymers, nanocomposites, and graphene-based materials). Electrokinetic remediation, advanced phytoremediation, green nanoremediation, enhanced remediation using biocatalysts, and integrated approaches are still at the developmental stage and hold great potential. Water is an essential component of the ecosystem and highly susceptible to PAH contamination due to crude oil exploration and spillage, and improper municipal and industrial waste management, yet comprehensive reviews on PAH remediation are only available for contaminated soils, despite the several treatment methods developed for the remediation of PAH-polluted water. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging methods/technologies, in order to bridge information gaps toward ensuring a green and sustainable remedial approach for PAH-contaminated aqueous systems. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Comprehensive review of existing and emerging technologies for remediation of PAH-polluted water. Factors influencing efficiency of various methods, challenges and merits were discussed. Green nano-adsorbents, nano-oxidants and bio/phytoremediation are desirous for ecofriendly and economical PAH remediation. Adoption of an integrated approach for the efficient and sustainable remediation of PAH-contaminated water is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedapo O Adeola
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patricia B C Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Abd Manan TSB, Khan T, Wan Mohtar WHM, Beddu S, Mohd Kamal NL, Yavari S, Jusoh H, Qazi S, Imam Supaat SKB, Adnan F, Ghanim AA, Yavari S, Machmudah A, Rajabi A, Porhemmat M, Irfan M, Abdullah MT, Abdul Shakur ESB. Dataset on specific UV absorbances (SUVA 254) at stretch components of Perak River basin. Data Brief 2020; 30:105518. [PMID: 32382595 PMCID: PMC7200826 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perak River basin is in Perak state of Peninsular Malaysia. In this research, the river stretch serves as water intake for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes in Perak Tengah, Hilir Perak and Manjung regions. It is located in mixed use area whilst exposing the river to anthropogenic elements. The sampling locations were conducted at selected points of Perak River namely Tanjung Belanja Bridge (TBB), Water Treatment Plant Parit (WTPP), Parit Town discharge (PTD), Water Treatment Plant Senin (WTPS) and Water Treatment Plant Kepayang (WTPK). The existence of aromatic hydrocarbons in freshwater samples was pre-assessed via qualification analysis; specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254) method at 254 nm of wavelength. The SUVA dataset were 48.38 L/mg-m (TBB), 50.54 L/mg-m (WTPP), 8.05 L/mg-m (PTD), 85.75 L/mg-m (WTPS) and 217.39 L/mg-m (WTPK). The SUVA254 values of fresh water at the river basin have exceeded the water quality standards value equivalent to 2.0 L/mg-m permitted by the Environmental Protection Agency of United States. The exceeding values were an indication of a large portion of aromatic compounds in the water. Qualification analyses evident the existence of water pollutants at treacherous concentrations for public health in freshwater samples of Perak River basin. Thus, this research has presented important findings towards further research and countermeasure for a better alternative of water treatment in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Taimur Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, P.O Box 1988, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salmia Beddu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Saba Yavari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Hisyam Jusoh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Sobia Qazi
- Department of Foundation Engineering and Physical Science, University of Nottingham, Advance Manufacturing Building, Jubilee Campus, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Siti Khadijah Binti Imam Supaat
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fadzilah Adnan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdulnoor A Ghanim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, P.O Box 1988, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Yavari
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale de l'Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Affiani Machmudah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyorejo, Kampus C, Surabaya City, East Java 60115, Indonesia
| | - Armin Rajabi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mojtaba Porhemmat
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, P.O Box 1988, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Elia Syarafina Binti Abdul Shakur
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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