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Tachachartvanich P, Sangsuwan R, Navasumrit P, Ruchirawat M. Assessment of immunomodulatory effects of five commonly used parabens on human THP-1 derived macrophages: Implications for ecological and human health impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173823. [PMID: 38851341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as broad-spectrum anti-microbials and preservatives in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Studies suggest that the utilization of parabens has substantially increased over the past years, particularly during the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although parabens are generally recognized as safe by the U.S. FDA, some concerns have been raised regarding the potential health effects of parabens associated with immunotoxicity. Herein, we comprehensively investigated several key characteristics of immunotoxicants of five commonly used parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and benzyl parabens) in human THP-1 derived macrophages, which are effector cells serving as a first line of host defense against pathogens and tumor immunosurveillance. The results indicate parabens, at concentrations found in humans and biota, significantly dampened macrophage chemotaxis and secretion of major pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), corroborating the mRNA expression profile. Furthermore, some parabens were found to markedly alter macrophage adhesion and cell surface expression of costimulatory molecules, CD80+ and CD86+, and significantly increase macrophage phagocytosis. Collectively, these findings heighten awareness of potential immunotoxicity posed by paraben exposure at biologically relevant concentrations, providing implications for human health and ecological risks associated with immune dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phum Tachachartvanich
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Rapeepat Sangsuwan
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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2
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Agawin NSR, García-Márquez MG, Espada DR, Freemantle L, Pintado Herrera MG, Tovar-Sánchez A. Distribution and accumulation of UV filters (UVFs) and conservation status of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows in a prominent Mediterranean coastal tourist hub. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174784. [PMID: 39009150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the presence and impact of UV filters in Posidonia oceanica meadows in Formentera, a Mediterranean tourist hotspot. It highlights the distribution of inorganic (TiO2 and ZnO) and organic UV filters (UVFs) in different environmental matrices, their accumulation in seagrass tissues and their impact on the seagrass health. In the overlying and canopy waters of P. oceanica, Zn concentrations surpassed Ti, with three organic UVFs (benzophenone-3 [BP-3], avobenzone and homosalate [HMS]) consistently detected. Ti concentrations were generally higher than Zn in rhizosphere sediments, along with recurrent presence of octocrylene, HMS, 2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC). Maximum Zn concentrations were found in canopy waters (3052.9 ng L-1). Both Ti and Zn were found in all P. oceanica tissues and leaf epiphytes across all study sites. Additional UVFs like octocrylene, avobenzone, and BP-8 were also detected in P. oceanica tissues and epiphytes. Elevated levels of octocrylene in leaf epiphytes (2112.1 ng g-1 dw) and avobenzone in leaves (364.2 ng g-1 dw) and leaf epiphytes (199.6 ng g-1 dw) were observed in the Port of La Savina, the island's main entry port. Octocrylene concentrations (up to 2575 ng g-1 dw) in rhizosphere sediments near sewage discharge points exceeded reported maxima, highlighting wastewater treatment plants as significant sources of organic UVFs. Correlational analyses suggested that the accumulation of octocrylene, avobenzone, and BP-3 negatively impacted P. oceanica's conservation status, affecting global density, density at 100 % cover, and leaf morphometry. Positive correlations were observed between leaf polyphenols (antioxidants) and concentrations of avobenzone, benzophenone-8 (BP-8), and BP-3, indicating potential oxidative stress induced by UVFs in P. oceanica. Our study underscores the pervasive presence of UV filters in P. oceanica habitats, with implications for seagrass health and conservation, especially in areas of high tourism and sewage discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nona S R Agawin
- Marine Ecology and Systematics (MarES), Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | | | - Diego Rita Espada
- Marine Ecology and Systematics (MarES), Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lillie Freemantle
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marina G Pintado Herrera
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Tovar-Sánchez
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, ICMAN (CSIC), Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Yang W, Feng J, Liang W, Nie M, Tan J, Fan R. A high-throughput method for the determination of 14 UV-filters in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Minimize interferences from proteins and phospholipids in the matrix. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1237:124090. [PMID: 38522130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of UV-filters exposure levels in human plasma is a challenge because of the significant differences in the physicochemical properties of UV-filters, as well as the matrix effect caused by abundant proteins and phospholipids in plasma. Therefore, an effective and rapid method for simultaneous determination of 14 UV-filters in human plasma using protein precipitation-solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. Acetonitrile with 0.1 % formic acid and 10 % isopropanol (v/v) were used as mobile phases. A gradient elution on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 column at 30 °C and 0.3 mL/min flow rate was applied for separation. The electrospray ionization positive or negative modes were selected to determine the corresponding analyte to increase selectivity and sensitivity. Results showed that acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran (v/v, 8:2) as the extraction solvent can effectively precipitate protein in plasma and improve the solubility of UV-filters. The HybridSPE cartridge improved the removal efficiency of phospholipids, while 1 mL of methanol elution increased the extraction recoveries of targets. Fourteen UV-filters achieved good linearities, low detection limits (0.050 to 0.10 μg/L) and quantification limits (0.10 to 1.0 μg/L). Method accuracy and precision, extraction recoveries, and storage stabilities of all analytes met the criterion of 80-120 %. Moreover, this method was successfully applied for the determination of UV-filters in plasma randomly collected from adults. Nine of 14 UV-filters were determined and their concentrations were distributed widely, suggesting a big variation of individual UV-filters exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wucheng Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianglu Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Wenyao Liang
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Mingxia Nie
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Jianhua Tan
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511447, China.
| | - Ruifang Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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4
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Liu YJ, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Sang Q, Ma J, Li PY, Zhang JH, Feng XS. The environmental sources of benzophenones: Distribution, pretreatment, analysis and removal techniques. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115650. [PMID: 37939555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) have wide practical applications in real human life due to its presence in personal care products, UV-filters, drugs, food packaging bags, etc. It enters the wastewater by daily routine activities such as showering, impacting the whole aquatic system, then posing a threat to human health. Due to this fact, the monitoring and removal of BPs in the environment is quite important. In the past decade, various novel analytical and removal techniques have been developed for the determination of BPs in environmental samples including wastewater, municipal landfill leachate, sewage sludge, and aquatic plants. This review provides a critical summary and comparison of the available cutting-edge pretreatment, determination and removal techniques of BPs in environment. It also focuses on novel materials and techniques in keeping with the concept of "green chemistry", and describes on challenges associated with the analysis of BPs, removal technologies, suggesting future development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Sang
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Peng-Yun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institution, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhang
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Vitku J, Horackova L, Kolatorova L, Duskova M, Skodova T, Simkova M. Derivatized versus non-derivatized LC-MS/MS techniques for the analysis of estrogens and estrogen-like endocrine disruptors in human plasma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115083. [PMID: 37269613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols, parabens, alkylphenols and triclosan are anthropogenic substances with a phenolic group that have been introduced to the environment in recent decades. As they possess hormone-like effects, they have been termed endocrine disruptors (EDs), and can interfere with steroid pathways in organisms. To evaluate the potential impact of EDs on steroid biosynthesis and metabolism, sensitive and robust methods enabling the concurrent measurement of EDs and steroids in plasma are needed. Of crucial importance is the analysis of unconjugated EDs, which possess biological activity. The aim of the study was to develop and validate LC-MS/MS methods with and without a derivatization step for the analysis of unconjugated steroids (estrone-E1, estradiol-E2, estriol-E3, aldosterone-ALDO) and different groups of EDs (bisphenols, parabens, nonylphenol-NP and triclosan-TCS), and compare these methods on a set of 24 human plasma samples using Passing-Bablok regression analysis. Both methods were validated according to FDA and EMA guidelines. The method with dansyl chloride derivatization allowed 17 compounds to be measured: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), bisphenols (bisphenol A-BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ, BPP), parabens (methylparaben-MP, ethylparaben-EP, propylparaben-PP, butylparaben-BP, benzylparaben-BenzylP), TCS and NP, with lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) between 4 and 125 pg/mL. The method without derivatization enabled 15 compounds to be analyzed: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), ALDO, bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ), parabens (MP, EP, PP, BP, BenzylP) with LLOQs between 2 and 63 pg/mL, and NP and BPP in semiquantitative mode. Adding 6 mM ammonium fluoride post column into mobile phases in the method without derivatization achieved similar or even better LLOQs than the method with the derivatization step. The uniqueness of the methods lies in the simultaneous determination of different classes of unconjugated (bioactive) fraction of EDs together with selected steroids (estrogens + ALDO in the method without derivatization), which provides a useful tool for evaluating the relationships between EDs and steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vitku
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - L Horackova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Kolatorova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Duskova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Skodova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Simkova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
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Sunyer-Caldú A, Peiró A, Díaz M, Ibáñez L, Gil-Solsona R, Gago-Ferrero P, Silvia Diaz-Cruz M. Target analysis and suspect screening of UV filters, parabens and other chemicals used in personal care products in human cord blood: Prenatal exposure by mother-fetus transfer. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107834. [PMID: 36893631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to certain organic chemicals like pesticides and phenols has been lifelong associated with birth outcomes and health disorders. Many personal care product (PCP) ingredients have similar properties or structures to those chemicals. Previous studies have documented the occurrence of UV filters (UVFs) and paraben preservatives (PBs) in the placenta, but observational studies concerning PCPs chemicals and foetal exposure are particularly scarce. Thus, this work aimed to assess the presence of a wide range of PCPs chemicals using target and suspect screening in the umbilical cord blood of new born babies to evaluate their potential transfer to the fetus. To do so, we analysed 69 umbilical cord blood plasma samples from a mother-child cohort from Barcelona (Spain). We quantified 8 benzophenone-type UVFs and their metabolites, and 4 PBs using validated analytical methodologies based on target screening using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Then, we screened for additional 3246 substances using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and advanced suspect analysis strategies. Six UVFs and three parabens were detected in the plasma with frequencies between 1.4% and 17.4% and concentrations up to 53.3 ng/mL (benzophenone-2). Thirteen additional chemicals were tentatively identified in the suspect screening, and ten were further confirmed with the corresponding standards. Among them, we found the organic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, the chelating agent 8-hydroxyquinoline, and the antioxidant 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), which have been demonstrated to display reproductive toxicity. UVFs and PBs presence in the umbilical cord blood demonstrates mother-fetus transfer through the placental barrier and prenatal exposure to these PCPs chemicals, which may lead to adverse effects in the early stages of fetal development. Considering the small cohort used in this study, the reported results should be interpreted as a preliminary reference for the background umbilical cord transfer levels of the target PCPs chemicals. Further research is needed to determine the long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to PCPs chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Sunyer-Caldú
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Peiró
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz
- Endocrinology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pg. Sant Joan de Déu, 2, E-08950 Esplugues (Barcelona), Spain; CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pg. Sant Joan de Déu, 2, E-08950 Esplugues (Barcelona), Spain; CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Gil-Solsona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Cotrina EY, Oliveira Â, Llop J, Quintana J, Biarnés X, Cardoso I, Díaz-Cruz MS, Arsequell G. Binding of common organic UV-filters to the thyroid hormone transport protein transthyretin using in vitro and in silico studies: Potential implications in health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114836. [PMID: 36400222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several anthropogenic contaminants have been identified as competing with the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) for binding to transport proteins as transthyretin (TTR). This binding can potentially create toxicity mechanisms posing a threat to human health. Many organic UV filters (UVFs) and paraben preservatives (PBs), widely used in personal care products, are chemicals of emerging concern due to their adverse effects as potential thyroid-disrupting compounds. Recently, organic UVFs have been found in paired maternal and fetal samples and PBs have been detected in placenta, which opens the possibility of the involvement of TTR in the transfer of these chemicals across physiological barriers. We aimed to investigate a discrete set of organic UVFs and PBs to identify novel TTR binders. The binding affinities of target UVFs towards TTR were evaluated using in vitro T4 competitive binding assays. The ligand-TTR affinities were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and compared with known TTR ligands. In parallel, computational studies were used to predict the 3-D structures of the binding modes of these chemicals to TTR. Some organic UVFs, compounds 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BP2, Kd = 0.43 μM); 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP1, Kd = 0.60 μM); 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (4DHB, Kd = 0.83 μM), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4HB, Kd = 0.93 μM), were found to display a high affinity to TTR, being BP2 the strongest TTR binder (ΔH = -14.93 Kcal/mol). Finally, a correlation was found between the experimental ITC data and the TTR-ligand docking scores obtained by computational studies. The approach integrating in vitro assays and in silico methods constituted a useful tool to find TTR binders among common organic UVFs. Further studies on the involvement of the transporter protein TTR in assisting the transplacental transfer of these chemicals across physiological barriers and the long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to them should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y Cotrina
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (IQAC-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ângela Oliveira
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF-IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xevi Biarnés
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013, Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Silvia Díaz-Cruz
- ENFOCHEM Group. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA) Excellence Center Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (IQAC-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Zhang YK, Ke HY, Qin YQ, Ju HY, Chen YM, Lin F, Zhang JL, Diao XP. Environmental concentrations of benzophenone-3 disturbed lipid metabolism in the liver of clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120792. [PMID: 36473638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) often used as a UV filter in various products and an endocrine disruptor. In this work, we exposed the clown anemonefish to 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L BP-3 for 7 and 14 days. Liver histological, biochemical analysis, and transcriptome sequencing were used to explore the mechanism of the lipid metabolism disorder in the liver of three-month-old clown anemonefish treated with BP-3. The histological and biochemical analysis showed that BP-3 induces morphological changes and lipid droplet accumulation, and the lipid content, lipase, and antioxidant enzyme activity were abnormal. After treatment with 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L BP-3 for 7 days, the transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that the KEGG analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly associated with fat digestion and absorption, PPAR signaling pathway, circadian rhythm, and mineral absorption pathways; After 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L of BP-3 exposure for 14 days, the KEGG analysis were mainly associated with circadian rhythm, circadian rhythm-fly, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and beta-alanine metabolism pathways. Several key genes were involved in the process of liver lipid metabolism, including CD36, APoA-Ⅰ, FABP, LPL, ACS, and PEPCK. The qRT-PCR validation results showed that eight genes (CYP8B1, FABP1, LPL, MGAT, PEPCK, PER1, PSMB4, PSME2) were significantly down-regulated, and the other two genes (Fbxl3, RXR) were significantly up-regulated after 7 days of BP-3 exposure. Similarly, eleven genes (AMPK, ARNTL, Bmal1, CASP3, CYC, CYP2J, CYP2U1, GSK3A, PEPCK, RAC1, RORA) were significantly up-regulated, and the other four genes (NR1D1, PER1, PTGDS, HLF) were significantly down-regulated after 14 days of BP-3 exposure. In conclusion, our results elucidate the physiological and molecular responses to BP-3 exposure in the liver lipid metabolism of clown anemonefish, and these findings reveal that the regulation of lipid metabolism is disturbed when clown anemonefish is exposed to UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Kun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China
| | - Huai-Yang Ke
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China
| | - Han-Ye Ju
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China
| | - Yu-Mei Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Fang Lin
- College of Ecology and Environment Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Diao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China.
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Narloch I, Wejnerowska G. An Overview of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of Organic Ultraviolet Filters in Cosmetic Products and Human Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:4780. [PMID: 34443367 PMCID: PMC8400378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UV filters are a group of compounds commonly used in different cosmetic products to absorb UV radiation. They are classified into a variety of chemical groups, such as benzophenones, salicylates, benzotriazoles, cinnamates, p-aminobenzoates, triazines, camphor derivatives, etc. Different tests have shown that some of these chemicals are absorbed through the skin and metabolised or bioaccumulated. These processes can cause negative health effects, including mutagenic and cancerogenic ones. Due to the absence of official monitoring protocols, there is an increased number of analytical methods that enable the determination of those compounds in cosmetic samples to ensure user safety, as well as in biological fluids and tissues samples, to obtain more information regarding their behaviour in the human body. This review aimed to show and discuss the published studies concerning analytical methods for the determination of organic UV filters in cosmetic and biological samples. It focused on sample preparation, analytical techniques, and analytical performance (limit of detection, accuracy, and repeatability).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grażyna Wejnerowska
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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