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Amer SA, Alotaibi MN, Shahid S, Alsafrani M, Chaudhary AR. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Profiling of Earwax DNA Obtained from Healthy Volunteers. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5741-5751. [PMID: 37504278 PMCID: PMC10378584 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish human earwax as a potential source of DNA evidence that could be effectively used in human identification. Sixty earwax samples were obtained from 15 healthy male and female Saudi volunteers living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Four consecutive earwax swab samples were obtained from each volunteer and stored for 1, 15, 30 and 60 days. Earwax samples were stored at room temperature (20-22 °C). Reference oral swab was also taken from each volunteer. DNA was extracted by QIAamp DNA Mini kit and quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on 7500 Thermal Cycler. Autosomal STR loci were amplified using AmpFLSTR™ Identifiler™ Plus PCR Amplification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Amplified fragments were size separated and analyzed on a 3500 Genetic Analyzer. Complete autosomal STR profiles were obtained from the earwax swabs of all the volunteers stored up to 30 days after the collection. Some STR profiles were partially obtained 60 days after the earwax collection. Allelic drop-out, allelic drop-in, and stutters were seen in earwax samples analyzed 60 days after the collection. The results have shown that human earwax can be a potential source of DNA evidence for human identification up to 30 days after the earwax collection. It is recommended to quickly analyze earwax samples or store them at room temperature or at -10 °C after their recovery from the crime scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Amin Amer
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Nawar Alotaibi
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Shahid
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Alsafrani
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rauf Chaudhary
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
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Chandra D, Mishra VC, Raina A, Raina V. Mutation rate evaluation at 21 autosomal STR loci: Paternity testing experience. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 58:102080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Červenák Z, Červenák F, Baldovič M, Patlevičová A, Masnicová S. Mutational analysis of 16 STR markers in the Slovak population. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 49:248-253. [PMID: 35867540 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short tandem repeats (STRs) are genetic markers frequently used for human identification and paternity testing. They are highly mutable, which may occasionally lead to inconsistencies between the genotypes of parents and their children. As the mutation rates of individual STR markers can vary among populations, population-specific data are of high importance. AIM To investigate the mutation rates of 16 STR markers in the Slovak population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this study, we analysed the germline mutation rates of 16 STR markers (TH01, D3S1358, vWA, D21S11, D16S539, D1S1656, D19S433, SE33, D10S1248, D22S1045, D12S391, D8S1179, D2S1338, D2S441, D18S51 and FGA) in the Slovak population. At these loci, we analysed 42 096 allelic transfers and identified 61 mutation events. RESULTS The loci with the highest overall mutation rates were SE33 and FGA, while no mutations were identified in TH01, D19S433 and D22S1045. The average paternal mutation rate was higher than the maternal mutation rate. All but one mutation consisted of gains or losses of a single repeat unit and the overall mutation rate was estimated to be 1.45 x10-3 per meiosis. CONCLUSION This study provides data which can be used to further strengthen the correct paternity index calculations and reliability of paternity testing in Slovakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenko Červenák
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinical Research Unit, 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Filip Červenák
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Department of Genetics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Baldovič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Department of Molecular Biology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,GHC GENETICS SK, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Patlevičová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovak Republic.,GHC GENETICS SK, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Soňa Masnicová
- Department of Criminalistics and Forensic Sciences, Academy of Police Force in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Antão-Sousa S, Conde-Sousa E, Gusmão L, Amorim A, Pinto N. Estimations of Mutation Rates Depend on Population Allele Frequency Distribution: The Case of Autosomal Microsatellites. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071248. [PMID: 35886031 PMCID: PMC9323320 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsatellites (or short-tandem repeats (STRs)) are widely used in anthropology and evolutionary studies. Their extensive polymorphism and rapid evolution make them the ideal genetic marker for dating events, such as the age of a gene or a population. This usage requires the estimation of mutation rates, which are usually estimated by counting the observed Mendelian incompatibilities in one-generation familial configurations (typically parent(s)–child duos or trios). Underestimations are inevitable when using this approach, due to the occurrence of mutational events that do not lead to incompatibilities with the parental genotypes (‘hidden’ or ‘covert’ mutations). It is known that the likelihood that one mutation event leads to a Mendelian incompatibility depends on the mode of genetic transmission considered, the type of familial configuration (duos or trios) considered, and the genotype(s) of the progenitor(s). In this work, we show how the magnitude of the underestimation of autosomal microsatellite mutation rates varies with the populations’ allele frequency distribution spectrum. The Mendelian incompatibilities approach (MIA) was applied to simulated parent(s)/offspring duos and trios in different populational scenarios. The results showed that the magnitude and type of biases depend on the population allele frequency distribution, whatever the type of familial data considered, and are greater when duos, instead of trios, are used to obtain the estimates. The implications for molecular anthropology are discussed and a simple framework is presented to correct the naïf estimates, along with an informatics tool for the correction of incompatibility rates obtained through the MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Antão-Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (E.C.-S.); (A.A.); (N.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduardo Conde-Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (E.C.-S.); (A.A.); (N.P.)
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Gusmão
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil;
| | - António Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (E.C.-S.); (A.A.); (N.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nádia Pinto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (E.C.-S.); (A.A.); (N.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Center of Mathematics, University of Porto (CMUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Xu W, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wang D, Zhou L, Ye X, Zhu C, Shi Y. Mutation analysis of 21 autosomal short tandem repeats in Han population from Hunan, China. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 46:254-260. [PMID: 31264462 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1638966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Short tandem repeats (STRs) are powerful genetic markers widely used in human genetics. Population data and locus-specific mutation rates of STRs are crucial for the evaluation and interpretation of genetic evidence in forensic and population genetics.Aim: To investigate the mutation rates of 21 autosomal STRs in a population from central south China.Subjects and methods: This study analysed 3420 paternity cases with a Combined Paternity Index >10,000 from Han population in Hunan. A total of 68,743 meiotic transfers were analysed and 62 mutations were identified.Results: The overall mutation rate of STR loci was 0.9 × 10-3 (95% CI, 0.0007-0.0011) and the locus-specific mutation rates were estimated ranging from 0.0000-0.0023. Locus D1S1656 exhibited the highest mutation rate of 2.3 × 10-3 (95% CI, 0.0005-0.0006), followed by D12S391 with a mutation rate of 2.0 × 10-3 (95% CI, 0.0007-0.0044). No mutation was observed at TPOX, D2S1338 or Penta D. One-step mutation cases accounted for 96.77% of total mutations and the ratio of paternal vs maternal mutations was ∼4.85:1. Inter-population comparisons of locus-specific mutation rates of several STRs revealed significant differences between Han in Hunan and Han in other regions of China. Conclusion: The data justified the use of geographical data in further genetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yuequn Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Daixin Wang
- Center of Forensic Science, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan School of Physical Sciences, Changsha, PR China
| | - Liang Zhou
- School of Public Health, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiangli Ye
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Chaogeng Zhu
- Translational Medicine Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China
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Pan M, Ye Q, Ju XB, Cui H, Zhou HY. Population genetic polymorphism and mutation analysis of 19 autosomal STR loci in Jiangsu Han individuals in Eastern China. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:272-278. [PMID: 31208213 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1632929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Genetic polymorphisms and the mutation ratio of 19 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci were analysed in 10,000 individuals and 7755 families from Jiangsu Province in Eastern China.Subjects and methods: Nineteen STR loci were amplified by a multiplex amplification system and genotyped on the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyser. Allele frequencies, forensic parameters and mutations for the 19 autosomal STR loci were statistically analysed.Results: In total, 344 genotypes were discovered. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed. The combined power of discrimination reached 0.9999999999999999984341, and the combined probability of paternity exclusion was 0.999999989. The pairwise genetic distance and p-values between the Jiangsu and 17 published populations depended on the FST value calculation and are shown by the neighbour-joining evolutionary tree. No statistically significant differences were found, except for the Xinjiang Altay Han (p = 0.01802) population. The average mutation rate of the Jiangsu population across all 19 loci was 1.4 × 10-3. The average mutation rate of the 13 core CODIS STR loci remained below 2 × 10-3 and there was no difference and relatively high consistency (p < 0.001) by correlation coefficient analysis among the six groups.Conclusions: Allelic genetic polymorphisms and mutation data were obtained from a large number of samples, which indicated that the amplification kit is suitable for forensic application and that the Jiangsu population has its own genetic characteristics that are different from those of other ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Pan
- Jiangsu Province Hospital Judicial Identification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Ye
- Jiangsu Province Hospital Judicial Identification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bin Ju
- Jiangsu Province Hospital Judicial Identification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - He Cui
- Jiangsu Province Hospital Judicial Identification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ying Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Hospital Judicial Identification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Qu N, Zhang X, Liang H, Ou X. Analysis of genetic polymorphisms and mutations at 23 autosomal STR loci in Guangdong Han population. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 38:e16-e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Issan Y, Avlas O, Daniel O. Investigation of Different Ways in Which the
CODIS
7.0 May be Used in Mass Disaster Identification. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:852-856. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Issan
- DNA Database Laboratory Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS) Israel Police Jerusalem Israel
| | - Orna Avlas
- DNA Database Laboratory Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS) Israel Police Jerusalem Israel
| | - Orit Daniel
- DNA Database Laboratory Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS) Israel Police Jerusalem Israel
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Sharma V, Chow HY, Siegel D, Wurmbach E. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of Illumina's forensic STR and SNP kits on MiSeq FGx™. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187932. [PMID: 29121662 PMCID: PMC5679668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is a powerful tool transforming DNA analysis in multiple fields ranging from medicine, to environmental science, to evolutionary biology. In forensic applications, MPS offers the ability to significantly increase the discriminatory power of human identification as well as aid in mixture deconvolution. However, before the benefits of any new technology can be employed, a thorough evaluation of its quality, consistency, sensitivity, and specificity must be rigorously evaluated in order to gain a detailed understanding of the technique including sources of error, error rates, and other restrictions/limitations. This extensive study assessed the performance of Illumina’s MiSeq FGx MPS system and ForenSeq™ kit in nine experimental runs including 314 reaction samples. In-depth data analysis evaluated the consequences of different assay conditions on test results. Variables included: sample numbers per run, targets per run, DNA input per sample, and replications. Results are presented as heat maps revealing patterns for each locus. Data analysis focused on read numbers (allele coverage), drop-outs, drop-ins, and sequence analysis. The study revealed that loci with high read numbers performed better and resulted in fewer drop-outs and well balanced heterozygous alleles. Several loci were prone to drop-outs which led to falsely typed homozygotes and therefore to genotype errors. Sequence analysis of allele drop-in typically revealed a single nucleotide change (deletion, insertion, or substitution). Analyses of sequences, no template controls, and spurious alleles suggest no contamination during library preparation, pooling, and sequencing, but indicate that sequencing or PCR errors may have occurred due to DNA polymerase infidelities. Finally, we found utilizing Illumina’s FGx System at recommended conditions does not guarantee 100% outcomes for all samples tested, including the positive control, and required manual editing due to low read numbers and/or allele drop-in. These findings are important for progressing towards implementation of MPS in forensic DNA testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Sharma
- Department of Forensic Biology, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hoi Yan Chow
- Department of Forensic Biology, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Donald Siegel
- Department of Forensic Biology, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elisa Wurmbach
- Department of Forensic Biology, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sun L, Shi K, Tan L, Zhang Q, Fu L, Zhang X, Fu G, Li S, Cong B. Analysis of genetic polymorphisms and mutations at 19 STR loci in Hebei Han population. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 31:e50-e51. [PMID: 28818430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No.361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No.361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No.361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No.361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Lihong Fu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No.361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No.361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Guangping Fu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No.361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Shujin Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No.361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China.
| | - Bin Cong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No.361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China.
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Liu QL, Chen YF, Huang XL, Liu KY, Zhao H, Lu DJ. Population data and mutation rates of 19 STR loci in seven provinces from China based on Goldeneye™ DNA ID System 20A. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:653-656. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Evaluation of the genetic parameters and mutation analysis of 22 STR loci in the central Chinese Han population. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:103-105. [PMID: 27225389 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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