Association of G894T eNOS, 4G/5G PAI and T1131C APOA5 polymorphisms with susceptibility to myocardial infarction in Morocco

Genetic Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the APOA5 rs662799 and PLIN1 rs894160 Metabolic Variants in the Western Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological condition affecting women of reproductive age, associated with insulin resistance and obesity. PCOS pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine and compare genotype and allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5; rs662799) and perilipin 1 (PLIN1; rs894160, rs1052700 and rs6496589) genes in Western Saudi women to investigate their association with PCOS and its clinical characteristics.

Design and methods

This was a case-control study conducted on women with (n = 104) and without (n = 87) PCOS. The SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan genotyping assays.

Results

Significant and direct associations were detected between PCOS susceptibility and APOA5 SNP rs662799 and PLIN1 SNP rs894160 (P < .001). For APOA5 SNP rs662799, women with the A allele were more likely to have PCOS (relative risk [RR] = 1.348, odds ratio [OR] = 2.313, P < .001) and hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 17.0, P = .5) than women with the G allele. For PLIN1 SNP rs894160, women with the T allele were more likely to have PCOS than women with the C allele (RR = 8.043, OR = 7.427, P < .001). For PLIN1 SNP rs1052700, women with the TT genotype were more likely to have hyperandrogenism (OR = 29.75, P = .02) and an irregular period (OR = 0.07, P = .040) than women with the AT genotype.

Conclusion

We identified novel alleles and genotypes contributing to the genetic risk of PCOS in the Western Saudi population.

Glu298Asp variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and acute coronary syndrome or premature coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION

Several published studies have reported an association between the Glu298Asp polymorphism (rs1799983), residing in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene, and lower levels of circulating nitric oxide, as well as an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, association status of this genetic variant with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or premature CAD (PCAD) is still unclear. Against this background, we conducted a systematic review and study level meta-analysis to assess the association of the NOS3 Glu298Asp polymorphism with ACS or PCAD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A comprehensive online search to identify relevant studies was performed on several databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane library and Web of Science. The identified studies were stratified into two ancestral subgroups: 'European ancestry' and 'All other ancestries combined'. Study level odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using random/fixed effects employing a Z test.

RESULTS

Out of a total of 195 distinct records identified through online search, 37 articles with 39 different studies, with a total sample size of 27,441 (11,516 cases/15,925 controls) were included for quantitative synthesis. Pooled results suggested significant associations of the NOS3 Glu298Asp polymorphism with ACS or PCAD through dominant as well as allelic genetic models (p ≤ 0.002), primarily driven by the 'All other ancestries combined' subgroup. The 'All other ancestries combined' subgroup demonstrated an additional risk of 36% for ACS or PCAD, through both dominant and allelic genetic models (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.13, 1.63, p = 0.001 and OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.14, 1.61, p = 0.0005 respectively). On the other hand, the 'European ancestry' subgroup did not show any significant associations. Sensitivity analysis and a sub-analysis for the myocardial infarction endpoint further supported these observed associations.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis indicates towards an association between the NOS3 Glu298Asp polymorphism and ACS or PCAD, predominantly driven by 'All other ancestries combined' subgroup. In contrast, the 'European ancestry' subgroup did not demonstrate any significant association. Further large-scale investigations are required to confirm our derived results.

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence From Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to find out if there was association between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms (- 844 G > A and - 675 4G > 5G) and susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD). Search of electronic databases was performed and the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were exerted to evaluate the pooled association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of CAD. For - 675 4G > 5G SNP, dominant (OR = 0.90), recessive (OR = 0.90), allelic (OR = 0.91), homozygous (OR = 0.84), and heterozygous (OR = 0.96) models were significantly associated with decreased risk of CAD. Moreover, all five genetic models were associated significantly with decreased CAD risk in the Causation and Arab populations. The results in Asians were marginally significant in recessive, allelic, and homozygote models. The male gender was found to be a risk factor in individuals with PAI-1 4G > 5G SNP in the dominant model (OR = 0.89), recessive model (OR = 0.91), allelic model (OR = 0.92), homozygous model (OR = 0.86), and heterozygous model (OR = 0.91). The results of pooled ORs for overall populations and subgroup analysis by ethnicity reject any association between PAI-1 gene - 844 G > A polymorphism and CAD risk under all genetic comparisons. The results of this meta-analysis indicated that PAI-1 4G > 5G SNP was associated with decreased risk of CAD in the overall population as well as in the Asians, Caucasians, and Arab populations. However, the PAI-1 gene - 844 G > A polymorphism had no significant association with susceptibility to CAD.

The incidence of NOS3 gene polymorphisms on newborns with large and small birth weight

The NOS3 gene polymorphisms T-786C, G894T and VNTR 4b/a are associated with a predisposition to the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The NOS3 gene contributes to a normal pregnancy and fetal development. According to their birthweight, newborns can be classified as: small (SGA), adequate (AGA) or large (LGA) for gestational age. The SGA and LGA present a higher risk of developing disorders related to MetS, both during childhood and adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this work is to relate the incidence of G894T, T-786C and VNTR 4b/a on SGA and LGA newborns and their mothers. 204 blood samples were collected from mothers (102) and the umbilical cords of 102 newborns (SGA = 12; AGA = 47; LGA = 43). The genotyping was performed through PCR-RFLP to evaluate presence of the G894T, T-786C and VNTR 4b/a polymorphisms. A significant difference was found between the groups of newborns in the genotypic frequency of T-786C, but without Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The VNTR 4b/a and the G894T polymorphisms showed no significance between the groups. The haplotype analysis showed that the SGA newborns presented the higher frequency of 4aGT (9.8%) and of the 4aTT combination (25.4%), while LGA newborns presented the higher frequency of the 4bTT haplotype (23%). Only the SGA newborns and their mothers presented the 4aTC haplotype. In conclusion, the NOS3 polymorphisms do not appear to be a factor to inadequate birth weight. However, the G894T and VNTR 4b/a polymorphisms, and the haplotype 4aTC, seem to influence the occurrence of SGA.

Association of rs662799 variant and APOA5 gene haplotypes with metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta-analysis in North Africa

Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) has been linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several populations. In North Africa, only the Tunisian and Moroccan populations were investigated. Our aim is to assess the association between APOA5 gene variant (rs662799) and haplotypes with MetS in Tunisian population and to perform a meta-analysis in North Africa. A total of 594 Tunisian participants were genotyped for polymorphism rs662799 using KASPar technology. Two polymorphisms rs3135506 and rs651821 in APOA5 gene genotyped in our previous study, were used in addition to rs662799 to assess the haplotype association with MetS. The genotype of 875 participants was used for the meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with R software.

The rs662799 increases the risk of MetS under the dominant (P=0.018) and the additive models (P=0.028) in the Tunisian population. After stratification of the cohort following the sex and the geographic origin, a positive association of rs662799 with MetS was found for participant from the Northern region and for the women group. Only the haplotype AGT showed a significant association with MetS by decreasing the risk of the disease.

The meta-analysis reported a significant association of rs662799 and rs3135506 with MetS.

Our results showed a significant association between the APOA5 gene variants rs662799 and haplotypes with MetS and its traits in Tunisia. An impact of the sex and the geographic origin on the genotype distribution was highlighted. Our funding emphasizes the role of APOA5 in the development of MetS in North Africa.

Association of c.56C > G (rs3135506) Apolipoprotein A5 Gene Polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease in Moroccan Subjects: A Case-Control Study and an Updated Meta-Analysis

PURPOSE

Coronary artery diseases (CAD) are clinical cardiovascular events associated with dyslipidemia in common. The interaction between environmental and genetic factors can be responsible for CAD. The present paper aimed to examine the association between c.56C > G (rs3135506) APOA5 gene polymorphism and CAD in Moroccan individuals and to perform an association update meta-analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The c.56C > G variant was genotyped in 122 patients with CAD and 134 unrelated controls. Genetic association analysis and comparison of biochemical parameters were performed using R statistical language. In addition, a comprehensive meta-analysis including eleven published studies in addition to our case-control study results was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. Publication bias was examined by Egger's test and funnel plot.

RESULTS

The case-control study data showed that the c.56C > G polymorphism was associated with CAD susceptibility under codominant (P-value = 0.001), recessive (P-value <0.001) and log-additive (P-value = 0.008) inheritance models. In addition, this polymorphism was significantly associated with increased levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides, glycemia, and total cholesterol. Furthermore, meta-analysis showed a significant association between the c.56C > G gene polymorphism and increased risk of CAD under recessive (OR = 3.39[1.77-6.50], P value <0.001) and homozygote codominant (OR = 3.96[2.44-6.45], P value <0.001) models.

CONCLUSION

Our case-control study revealed a significant association between c.56C > G polymorphism and CAD in the Moroccan population. In addition, meta-analysis data supported the implication of this polymorphism in CAD susceptibility.

The polymorphism G894 T of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene is associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH) in Morocco

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease involving both environmental and genetic Factros. G894 T eNOS polymorphism has been suggested to be responsible for reduced NO synthesis, and EH development. The objective of our case-control study is to evaluate the potential association of G894 T eNOS polymorphism with Essential Hypertension (EH) susceptibility, among a sample of Moroccan patients.

METHODS

One hundred forty five hypertensive patients were recruited from the department of Cardiology, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco, and compared to 184 apparently healthy subjects. DNA samples were genotype by PCR-RFLP method using MboI restriction enzyme.

RESULTS

Our results showed a positive correlation between G894 T eNOS distribution and Alcohol and Obesity rik factors (P = 0.009 and 0.02 respectively). Patients with elevated Cardio Vascular Risk (CVR) carried out the higher frequency of homozygous mutant genotype TT (62.2%) and T mutant allele (77.8%), compared to median and low CVR groups. G894 T eNOS distribution was significantly associated to a high risk of EH occurrence under the GT and TT genotypes (OR [95% CI] = 20.2 [7.7-52.4], P <  0.0001; OR [95% CI] = 332.5 [98.2-1125.4], P <  0.0001 respectively), and the 3 genotypic transmission models (Dominant: OR [95% CI] = 43.2 [17.9-104.09], P <  0.0001; Recessive: OR [95% CI] = 47.7 [18.6-122.3]; P <  0.0001; Additive: OR [95% CI] = 14.02 [9.6-20.45], P <  0.0001).

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests a strong association of G894 T eNOS polymorphism with susceptibility to EH in Morocco. Studies trying to identify contributing genes may be very useful and allow recognizing the vulnerable individuals and classifying patients in subgroups with definite genetic and pathogenic mechanisms to achieve better prevention and therapeutics.

Impact of I/D polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene on myocardial infarction susceptibility among young Moroccan patients

Objective

Our case–control study aimed to access the potential association of insertion/deletion (I/D) ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) gene polymorphism with myocardial infarction (MI) risk of occurrence among a sample of Moroccan patients, especially young ones.

Results

Distribution of I/D ACE gene variant among cases vs controls, showed that healthy controls carried out higher frequency of wild type allele I compared to cases (23.5% vs 21.79% respectively), when cases were carrying higher frequency of mutant allele D (78.21% vs 76.5% for controls). Patients were-after this- divided into two groups of < 45 and > 55 years of age, to investigate whether or not younger patients carried out higher frequency of the mutant allele D, than older ones. As expected, < 45 years old patients carried out more DD genotype than older ones (68.9% vs 54.6% respectively), and higher frequency of mutant allele D (81.08% vs 75% respectively). Besides, a tendency to a positive association was found under the recessive genetic transmission model (OR [95% CI] = 1.85 [0.93–3.69], P = 0.08), suggesting that the I/D ACE polymorphism may be associated with MI occurrence among younger patients (< 45 years of age).

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-3039-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.