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Othman AM, Ashour Ibrahim I, Saleh SM, Abo-Elmatty DM, Mesbah NM, Abdel-Hamed AR. The Safety and Efficacy of Combining Saxagliptin and Pioglitazone Therapy in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3300. [PMID: 38137521 PMCID: PMC10741989 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive disease due to insulin resistance. Oxidative stress complicates the etiology of T2DM. Saxagliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, while Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer. This study aimed to assess the effect of Saxagliptin and Pioglitazone monotherapy and combination therapy on the biochemical and biological parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS The study included thirty-five male albino rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal STZ injection (35 mg/kg). For a 1-month duration, rats were divided into five groups. Glucose homeostasis traits, lipid profiles, kidney functions, liver enzymes, and oxidative stress markers were measured. Gene expression of miRNA-29a, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was assessed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS At a 1-month treatment duration, combination therapy improves oxidative stress markers more than either drug alone. The combination therapy had significantly higher levels of SOD, catalase, and GSH and lower levels of MDA compared to the monotherapy. Additionally, the diabetic group showed a significant increase in the expression levels of miRNA-29a, PEPCK, and IL-1β and a significant decrease in PI3K compared to the normal control group. However, combination therapy of Saxagliptin and Pioglitazone was more effective than either Saxagliptin or Pioglitazone alone in reversing these results, especially for PEPCK and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that combining Saxagliptin and Pioglitazone improves glycemic control and genetic and epigenetic expression profiles, which play an essential regulatory role in normal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt (N.M.M.)
| | - Ibrahim Ashour Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Samy M. Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt (N.M.M.)
| | - Dina M. Abo-Elmatty
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt (N.M.M.)
| | - Noha M. Mesbah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt (N.M.M.)
| | - Asmaa R. Abdel-Hamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt (N.M.M.)
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Loric S, Denis JA, Desbene C, Sabbah M, Conti M. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Biology and Function to Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7208. [PMID: 37108371 PMCID: PMC10139222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the first worldwide most frequent cancer in both sexes and the most commonly diagnosed in females. Although BC mortality has been thoroughly declining over the past decades, there are still considerable differences between women diagnosed with early BC and when metastatic BC is diagnosed. BC treatment choice is widely dependent on precise histological and molecular characterization. However, recurrence or distant metastasis still occurs even with the most recent efficient therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the different factors underlying tumor escape is mainly mandatory. Among the leading candidates is the continuous interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment, where extracellular vesicles play a significant role. Among extracellular vesicles, smaller ones, also called exosomes, can carry biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and generate signal transmission through an intercellular transfer of their content. This mechanism allows tumor cells to recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. By reciprocity, stromal cells can also use exosomes to profoundly modify tumor cell behavior. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of extracellular vesicle production in normal and cancerous breast tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of extracellular vesicles for early BC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis because exosomes are actually under the spotlight of researchers as a high-potential source of liquid biopsies. Extracellular vesicles in BC treatment as new targets for therapy or efficient nanovectors to drive drug delivery are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Loric
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | | | - Cédric Desbene
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Marc Conti
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
- INTEGRACELL SAS, 91160 Longjumeau, France
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Potential Regulation of miRNA-29 and miRNA-9 by Estrogens in Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Insightful Perspective. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020243. [PMID: 36831786 PMCID: PMC9954655 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding a link between a hormone and microRNAs (miRNAs) is of great importance since it enables the adjustment of genetic composition or cellular functions without needing gene-level interventions. The dicer-mediated cleavage of precursor miRNAs is an interface link between miRNA and its regulators; any disruption in this process can affect neurogenesis. Besides, the hormonal regulation of miRNAs can occur at the molecular and cellular levels, both directly, through binding to the promoter elements of miRNAs, and indirectly, via regulation of the signaling effects of the post-transcriptional processing proteins. Estrogenic hormones have many roles in regulating miRNAs in the brain. This review discusses miRNAs, their detailed biogenesis, activities, and both the general and estrogen-dependent regulations. Additionally, we highlight the relationship between miR-29, miR-9, and estrogens in the nervous system. Such a relationship could be a possible etiological route for developing various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Midan DAR, Bahbah WA, Fayed DA, Tantawy I, Abdel Barry HM, Ellaithy MAEM, Elhefnawy SM. Cord blood microRNA-376c and microRNA-1268a as biomarkers for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a diagnostic accuracy study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2021. [PMCID: PMC8718424 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among neonates. There is a critical need for non-invasive novel biomarkers to detect HIE early, predict its outcomes and monitor its progression. We conducted this observational study to assess the relative expression of miRNA-376c and miRNA-1268a in cord blood as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HIE.MethodsA total of 100 neonates divided into two independent groups were included. The case group included 50 neonates with HIE, while the control group included 50 matched healthy neonates. Relative expressions of miRNA-376c and miRNA-1268a were measured in whole cord blood at birth using real-time PCR.ResultsCompared with the control group, patients with HIE had a significantly lower median level of miRNA-376c (0.168, IQR=0.011–0.411 vs 1, IQR=0.80–1.20) and a higher median level of miRNA-1268a (13.46, IQR=2.7–22.8 vs 1, IQR=0.4–1.6). Comparing neonates with HIE who survived versus those who did not survive, no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of miRNA-376c and miRNA-1268a (p=0.124 and p=0.279) was elicited. Our diagnostic analysis showed that, at 0.90 points, miRNA-376c has a sensitivity and a specificity of 88% and 68.40%, with an area under the curve of 84%. At 2.70 points, miRNA-1268a has a sensitivity and a specificity of 76% and 100%, with an area under the curve of 96%.ConclusionThe relative expression of miRNA-376c and miRNA-1268a was altered in the cord blood of neonates with HIE. In addition, they have moderate diagnostic accuracy in detecting HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abdel Razek Midan
- Pediatric department, Faculty of medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Wael A Bahbah
- Pediatric department, Faculty of medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ahmed Fayed
- Biochemistry department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Tantawy
- Biochemistry department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Manal Abd El-Monem Ellaithy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sally Mohammed Elhefnawy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
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Diab A, Al-Shami H, Negida A, Gadallah A, Farag H, Elkadi DM, Gaber MM, Ebada MA. Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol dural sealant system in cranial and spinal neurosurgical procedures: Meta-analysis. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:182. [PMID: 34084610 PMCID: PMC8168650 DOI: 10.25259/sni_132_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to assess the efficacy of polyethylene glycol (PEG) dura sealant to achieve watertight closure, prevention of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and to investigate its possible side effects. Methods: We searched Medline (through PubMed), Scopus, and the Cochrane Library through December 2019. We included articles demonstrating cranial or spinal procedures with the use of PEG material as a dural sealant. Data on intraoperative watertight closure, CSF leak, and surgical complications were extracted and pooled in a meta-analysis model using RevMan version 5.3 and OpenMeta (Analyst). Results: Pooling the controlled trials showed that PEG resulted in significantly more intraoperative watertight closures than standard care (risk ratio [RR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.24, 1.66]). However, the combined effect estimate did not reveal any significant difference between both groups in terms of CSF leaks, the incidence of surgical site infections, and neurological deficits (P = 0.7, 0.45, and 0.92, respectively). On the other hand, pooling both controlled and noncontrolled trials showed significance in terms of leak and neurological complications (RR = 0.0238, 95% CI [0.0102, 0.0373] and RR = 0.035, 95% CI [0.018, 0.052]). Regarding intraoperative watertight closure, the overall effect estimate showed no significant results (RR=0.994, 95% CI [0.986, 1.002]). Conclusion: Dura seal material is an acceptable adjuvant for dural closure when the integrity of the dura is questionable. However, marketing it as a factor for the prevention of surgical site infection is not scientifically proved. We suggest that, for neurosurgeons, using the dural sealants are highly recommended for duraplasty, skull base approaches, and in keyhole approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Diab
- Department of Medicine, Demerdash Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hieder Al-Shami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Ahly Bank Hospital, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Negida
- Department of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Hossam Farag
- Department of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig, Egypt
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