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Ranjbari S, Darroudi M, Hatamluyi B, Arefinia R, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Rezayi M, Khazaei M. Application of MXene in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer: A critical overview. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:984336. [PMID: 36091438 PMCID: PMC9449700 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.984336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide. Prognosis and timely treatment can reduce the illness or improve it. The use of nanomaterials leads to timely diagnosis and effective treatment. MXenes are a 2D material with a unique composition of attributes, containing significant electrical conductance, high optical characteristics, mechanical consistency, and excellent optical properties. Current advances and insights show that MXene is far more promising in biotechnology applications than current nanobiotechnology systems. MXenes have various applications in biotechnology and biomedicine, such as drug delivery/loading, biosensor, cancer treatment, and bioimaging programs due to their high surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and physicochemical properties. Surface modifications MXenes are not only biocompatible but also have multifunctional properties, such as aiming ligands for preferential agglomeration at the tumor sites for photothermal treatment. Studies have shown that these nanostructures, detection, and breast cancer therapy are more acceptable than present nanosystems in in vivo and in vitro. This review article aims to investigate the structure of MXene, its various synthesis methods, its application to cancer diagnosis, cytotoxicity, biodegradability, and cancer treatment by the photothermal process (in-vivo and in-vitro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ranjbari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Darroudi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Science, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behnaz Hatamluyi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Arefinia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Science, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Science, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Majid Rezayi, ; Majid Khazaei,
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Majid Rezayi, ; Majid Khazaei,
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Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and breast cancer: a good therapeutic candidate or not? A minireview. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9017-9022. [PMID: 35941415 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), as the most common cancer among women, affects a great number of subjects around the world. This heterogenic disease is divided into several types and subtypes, and each subtype has various phenotypes and genotypes. Against BC, several options have been proposed, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapeutic agents. However, these approaches may have detrimental effects on health and life quality of patients. Hence, harnessing a therapeutic tool with high effectiveness and low side effects is required. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have created a new window to treat various disorders, like cancer, and among these, umbilical cord (UC)-derived MSCs have acquired much interest due to their advantages. Therefore, in this narrative review, the influences of UC-derived MSCs on BC were reviewed and summarized with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and treatment.
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