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Kun-Varga A, Gubán B, Miklós V, Parvaneh S, Guba M, Szűcs D, Monostori T, Varga J, Varga Á, Rázga Z, Bata-Csörgő Z, Kemény L, Megyeri K, Veréb Z. Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Alters the Immunological Properties of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal-Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11989. [PMID: 37569367 PMCID: PMC10418794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is of paramount importance for the homeostasis of the body. Inflammation and infection can alter the function of MSCs, which can also affect the regenerative potential and immunological status of tissues. It is not known whether human herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2), well-known human pathogens that can cause lifelong infections, can induce changes in MSCs. In non-healing ulcers, HSV infection is known to affect deeper tissue layers. In addition, HSV infection can recur after initially successful cell therapies. Our aim was to study the response of adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) to HSV infection in vitro. After confirming the phenotype and differentiation capacity of the isolated cells, we infected the cells in vitro with HSV1-KOS, HSV1-532 and HSV2 virus strains. Twenty-four hours after infection, we examined the gene expression of the cells via RNA-seq and RT-PCR; detected secreted cytokines via protein array; and determined autophagy via Western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Infection with different HSV strains resulted in different gene-expression patterns. In addition to the activation of pathways characteristic of viral infections, distinct non-immunological pathways (autophagy, tissue regeneration and differentiation) were also activated according to analyses with QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome and Genome Ontology Enrichment. Viral infections increased autophagy, as confirmed via TEM image analysis, and also increased levels of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B) II protein. We identified significantly altered accumulation for 16 cytokines involved in tissue regeneration and inflammation. Our studies demonstrated that HSV infection can alter the viability and immunological status of ADMSCs, which may have implications for ADMSC-based cell therapies. Alterations in autophagy can affect numerous processes in MSCs, including the inhibition of tissue regeneration as well as pathological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Kun-Varga
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Gubán
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Vanda Miklós
- Biobank, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Shahram Parvaneh
- HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.P.); (Z.B.-C.)
| | - Melinda Guba
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Diána Szűcs
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Monostori
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Dermatosurgery and Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - Ákos Varga
- Dermatosurgery and Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - Zsolt Rázga
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő
- HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.P.); (Z.B.-C.)
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.P.); (Z.B.-C.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Megyeri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Biobank, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
To assess the role of Fas in lesion development during genital HSV-2 infection, we used a well-established HSV-2 murine model applied to MRL-Fas(lpr)/J (Fas-/-) and C3-Fasl(gld)/J (FasL-/-) C57BL6 mice. In vitro infection of murine keratinocytes and epithelial cells was used to clarify molecular details of HSV-2 infection. Despite upregulation of Fas and FasL, HSV-2-infected keratinocytes and epithelial cells showed a moderate level of apoptosis due to upregulated expression of the anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2, Akt kinase and NF-κB. Inflammatory lesions within the HSV-2-infected epithelium of C57BL6 mice consisted of infected cells upregulating Fas, FasL and Bcl-2, uninfected cells upregulating Fas and neutrophils expressing both Fas and FasL. Apoptosis was detected in HSV-2-infected cells and to even higher extent in non-infected cells surrounding HSV-2 infection sites. HSV-2 infection of Fas- and FasL-deficient mice led to increased apoptosis and stronger recruitment of neutrophils within the infection sites. We conclude that the Fas pathway participates in regulation of inflammatory response in the vaginal epithelium at the initial stage of HSV-2 infection.
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