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Fibronectin and Its Role in Human Infective Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121516. [PMID: 31779172 PMCID: PMC6952806 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a multidomain glycoprotein ubiquitously detected in extracellular fluids and matrices of a variety of animal and human tissues where it functions as a key link between matrices and cells. Fibronectin has also emerged as the target for a large number of microorganisms, particularly bacteria. There are clear indications that the binding of microorganism’ receptors to fibronectin promotes attachment to and infection of host cells. Each bacterium may use different receptors which recognize specific fibronectin domains, mostly the N-terminal domain and the central cell-binding domain. In many cases, fibronectin receptors have actions over and above that of simple adhesion: In fact, adhesion is often the prerequisite for invasion and internalization of microorganisms in the cells of colonized tissues. This review updates the current understanding of fibronectin receptors of several microorganisms with emphasis on their biochemical and structural properties and the role they can play in the onset and progression of host infection diseases. Furthermore, we describe the antigenic profile and discuss the possibility of designing adhesion inhibitors based on the structure of the fibronectin-binding site in the receptor or the receptor-binding site in fibronectin.
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Kodama Y, Ishikawa T, Shimoyama Y, Sasaki D, Kimura S, Sasaki M. The fibronectin-binding protein homologue Fbp62 ofStreptococcus anginosusis a potent virulence factor. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:624-634. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitoyo Kodama
- Division of Molecular Microbiology; Department of Microbiology; Iwate Medical University; 2-1-1 Nishitokuta Yahaba-cho Shiwagun Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Taichi Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Microbiology; Department of Microbiology; Iwate Medical University; 2-1-1 Nishitokuta Yahaba-cho Shiwagun Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Yu Shimoyama
- Division of Molecular Microbiology; Department of Microbiology; Iwate Medical University; 2-1-1 Nishitokuta Yahaba-cho Shiwagun Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry; 1-3-27 Chuo-dori Morioka Iwate 020-8505 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kimura
- Division of Molecular Microbiology; Department of Microbiology; Iwate Medical University; 2-1-1 Nishitokuta Yahaba-cho Shiwagun Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Microbiology; Department of Microbiology; Iwate Medical University; 2-1-1 Nishitokuta Yahaba-cho Shiwagun Iwate 028-3694 Japan
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Laputková G, Schwartzová V, Bánovčin J, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Salivary Protein Roles in Oral Health and as Predictors of Caries Risk. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:174-200. [PMID: 33817083 PMCID: PMC7874700 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Laputková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Schwartzová
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Bánovčin
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, Košice, 041 90, Slovakia
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
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Rodriguez Ayala F, Bauman C, Bartolini M, Saball E, Salvarrey M, Leñini C, Cogliati S, Strauch M, Grau R. Transcriptional regulation of adhesive properties ofBacillus subtilisto extracellular matrix proteins through the fibronectin-binding protein YloA. Mol Microbiol 2017; 104:804-821. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Rodriguez Ayala
- Departamento de Microbiología, Área Microbiología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET - Rosario; Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carlos Bauman
- Departamento de Microbiología, Área Microbiología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET - Rosario; Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marco Bartolini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Área Microbiología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET - Rosario; Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ester Saball
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Área Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcela Salvarrey
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Área Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Leñini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Área Microbiología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET - Rosario; Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Cogliati
- Departamento de Microbiología, Área Microbiología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET - Rosario; Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mark Strauch
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Dental School; University of Maryland; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Roberto Grau
- Departamento de Microbiología, Área Microbiología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET - Rosario; Rosario, Argentina
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Kaufman G, Skrtic D. Structural and recovery mechanisms of 3D dental pulp cell microtissues challenged with Streptococcusmutans in extracellular matrix environment. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1332-1340. [PMID: 27638752 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cariopathogen Streptococcus mutans exists in infected dental pulp of deciduous teeth and is frequently linked with heart diseases. Organotypic (3D) dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) cultures/microtissues, developed to mimic the physiological conditions in vivo, were utilized to assess the bacterial impact on their (i) 3D structural configuration and (ii) recovery mechanisms. The cultures, developed in extracellular matrix (ECM) bio-scaffold (Matrigel™), interacted with WT and GFP-tagged bacterial biofilms by permitting their infiltration through the ECM. Challenged cell constructs were visualized by F-actin/nuclei staining. Their pluripotency (Sox2) and differentiation (osteocalcin) markers were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Secreted mineral was detected by alizarin red, and 3D structural arrangements were analysed by epi-fluorescence and confocal scanning microscopy. Bacterial biofilm/ECM-embedded DPSC interactions appeared in distinct areas of the microtissues. Bacterial attachment to the cell surface occurred without evidence of invasion. Surface architecture of the challenged versus unchallenged microtissues was apparently unaltered. However, significant increases in thickness (138.42 vs 106.51 µm) and bacterial penetration were detected in challenged structures causing canal-like microstructures with various diameters (12.94 -42.88 µm) and average diameter of 20.66 to 33.42 µm per microtissue. Challenged constructs expressed pluripotency and differentiation markers and secreted the mineral. Presented model shows strong potential for assessing pulp-pathogen interactions in vivo. S. mutans infiltrated and penetrated the microtissues but did not invade the cells or compromise major cell repair mechanisms. These findings would suggest reexamining the role of S. mutans as an endodontic pathogen and investigating DPSC resistance to its pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Kaufman
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Drago Skrtic
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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The fibronectin-binding protein Fnm contributes to adherence to extracellular matrix components and virulence of Enterococcus faecium. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4653-61. [PMID: 26371130 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00885-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between bacteria and fibronectin is believed to play an important role in the pathogenicity of clinically important Gram-positive cocci. In the present study, we identified a gene encoding a predicted fibronectin-binding protein of Enterococcus faecium (fnm), a homologue of Streptococcus pneumoniae pavA, in the genomes of E. faecium strain TX82 and all other sequenced E. faecium isolates. Full-length recombinant Fnm from strain TX82 bound to immobilized fibronectin in a concentration-dependent manner and also appeared to bind collagen type V and laminin, but not other proteins, such as transferrin, heparin, bovine serum albumin, mucin, or collagen IV. We demonstrated that the N-terminal fragment of Fnm is required for full fibronectin binding, since truncation of this region caused a 2.4-fold decrease (P < 0.05) in the adhesion of E. faecium TX82 to fibronectin. Deletion of fnm resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the ability of the mutant, TX6128, to bind fibronectin relative to that of the wild-type strain; in situ reconstitution of fnm in the deletion mutant strain restored adherence. In addition, the Δfnm mutant was highly attenuated relative to TX82 (P ≤ 0.0001) in a mixed-inoculum rat endocarditis model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Fnm affects the adherence of E. faecium to fibronectin and is important in the pathogenesis of experimental endocarditis.
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The fibronectin-binding protein EfbA contributes to pathogenesis and protects against infective endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecalis. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4487-94. [PMID: 26351286 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00884-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
EfbA is a PavA-like fibronectin adhesin of Enterococcus faecalis previously shown to be important in experimental urinary tract infection. Here, we expressed and purified the E. faecalis OG1RF EfbA and confirmed that this protein binds with high affinity to immobilized fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen V. We constructed an efbA deletion mutant and demonstrated that its virulence was significantly attenuated (P < 0.0006) versus the wild type in a mixed inoculum rat endocarditis model. Furthermore, efbA deletion resulted in diminished ability to bind fibronectin (P < 0.0001) and reduced biofilm (P < 0.001). Reintroduction of efbA into the original chromosomal location restored virulence, adherence to fibronectin, and biofilm formation to wild-type levels. Finally, vaccination of rats with purified recombinant EfbA protein protected against OG1RF endocarditis (P = 0.008 versus control). Taken together, our results demonstrate that EfbA is an important factor involved in E. faecalis endocarditis and that rEfbA immunization is effective in preventing such infection, likely by interfering with bacterial adherence.
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Salehi R, Savabi O, Kazemi M, Kamali S, Salehi AR, Eslami G, Tahmourespour A. Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri-derived biosurfactant on the gene expression profile of essential adhesion genes (gtfB, gtfC and ftf) of Streptococcus mutans. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:169. [PMID: 25221772 PMCID: PMC4162076 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.139134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Streptococci are the main causative agents in plaque formation and mutans streptococci are the principle etiological agent of dental plaque and caries. The process of biofilm formation is a step-wise process, starting with adhesion of planktonic cells to the surfaces. It is now a well known fact that expression of glucosyltransferases (gtfs) and fructosyltransferase (ftf) genes play a critical role in the initial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the tooth surface, which results in the formation of dental plaques and consequently caries and other periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we have determined the effect of biosurfactants purified from Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM20016) culture on gene expression profile of gftB/C and fft of S. mutans (ATCC35668) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The application of biosurfactant caused considerable down-regulation of the expression of all three genes under study. The reduction in gene expression was statistically very significant (P > 0.0001 for all three genes). Conclusions: Inhibition of these genes by the extracted L. reuteri biosurfactant shows the emergence of a powerful alternative to the presently practicing alternatives. In view of the importance of these gene products for S. mutans attachment to the tooth surface, which is the initial important step in biofilm production and dental caries, we believe that the biosurfactant prepared in this study could be considered as a step ahead in dental caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Savabi
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Kamali
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gilda Eslami
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arezoo Tahmourespour
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Gowrishankar S, Poornima B, Pandian SK. Inhibitory efficacy of cyclo(l-leucyl-l-prolyl) from mangrove rhizosphere bacterium–Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MMS-50) toward cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:278-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hasan S, Singh K, Danisuddin M, Verma PK, Khan AU. Inhibition of major virulence pathways of Streptococcus mutans by quercitrin and deoxynojirimycin: a synergistic approach of infection control. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91736. [PMID: 24622055 PMCID: PMC3951425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the synergistic effect of Quercitrin and Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) together with their individual inhibitory effect against virulence pathways of Streptococcus mutans. METHODOLOGY MICs of both the compounds were determined by the microdilution method, followed by their in vitrosynergy using checkerboard and time kill assay. The nature of interaction was classified as synergistic on the basis of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value of ≤0.5. Furthermore, the activity of Quercitrin and DNJ was evaluated individually and in combination against various cariogenic properties of S. mutans UA159 such as acidogenesis, aciduracity, glucan production, hydrophobicity, biofilm and adherence. Moreover, expression of virulent genes in S. mutans was analysed by quantitative RT- PCR (qRT-PCR) and inhibition of F1F0-ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase and enolase was also evaluated. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate structural obliteration of biofilm. RESULTS The in vitro synergism between Quercitrin and DNJ was observed, with a FICI of 0.313. Their MIC values were found to be 64 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml respectively. The synergistic combination consistently showed best activity against all the virulence factors as compared to Quercitrin and DNJ individually. A reduction in glucan synthesis and biofilm formation was observed at different phases of growth. The qRT-PCR revealed significant downregulation of various virulent genes. Electron micrographs depicted the obliteration of biofilm as compared to control and the activity of cariogenic enzymes was also inhibited. CONCLUSIONS The whole study reflects a prospective role of Quercitrin and DNJ in combination as a potent anticariogenic agent against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Hasan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kunal Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Danisuddin
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Praveen K. Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Asad U. Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Pauer H, Cavalcanti SNV, Teixeira FL, Santos-Filho J, Vommaro RC, Oliveira ACSC, Ferreira EO, Domingues RRMCP. Inactivation of a fibronectin-binding TonB-dependent protein increases adhesion properties of Bacteroides fragilis. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1524-1530. [PMID: 23893918 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.054692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is the Gram-negative strictly anaerobic bacterium most frequently isolated from clinical infections, including intra-abdominal abscess and bacteraemia. A number of factors can contribute to its virulence, including the expression of adhesins. Some of them are already characterized and can recognize and bind to extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin. One of the molecules responsible for fibronectin-binding is an outer-membrane protein previously described by our group, which belongs to the TonB-dependent family. The aim of the present work was to characterize this protein. Initially, it was confirmed by fluorescence and electron microscopy that the fibronectin-binding molecules were located in the bacterial surface, but the distribution of these molecules on the surface was not uniform. To further evaluate the role of this protein, the gene bf1991, responsible for encoding this protein, was inactivated by a suicide vector and the mutant strains generated were used in several experiments to verify possible phenotypical alterations. In adherence assays with fibronectin immobilized on latex beads an increased adhesion was observed with the mutant strains compared with the wild-type strain. Western blot analysis in the mutant strain revealed the absence of the 120 kDa TonB-dependent outer-membrane protein and an alteration in the expression of an unknown 30 kDa protein. Killing assays using peritoneal macrophages were performed to evaluate the role of this protein as a virulence attribute and it was observed that the mutant strains were more efficiently internalized than the wild-type strains, with more internalization in the samples covered with fibronectin than in the samples not covered with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Pauer
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Soraia N V Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe L Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Santos-Filho
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rossiane C Vommaro
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Herth, Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S C Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliane O Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Polo Xerém, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Regina R M C P Domingues
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Hasan S, Danishuddin M, Adil M, Singh K, Verma PK, Khan AU. Efficacy of E. officinalis on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans: a novel and alternative approach to suppress quorum-sensing mechanism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40319. [PMID: 22792279 PMCID: PMC3390397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was focused on evaluating the potential of Emblica officinalis against cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans, a causative microorganism for caries. The effect of crude extract and ethanolic fraction from Emblica officinalis fruit was analysed against S. mutans. The sub-MIC concentrations of crude and ethanolic fraction of E. officinalis were evaluated for its cariogenic properties such as acid production, biofilm formation, cell-surface hydrophobicity, glucan production, sucrose-dependent and independent adherence. Its effect on biofilm architecture was also investigated with the help of confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, expression of genes involved in biofilm formation was also studied by quantitative RT- PCR. This study showed 50% reduction in adherence at concentrations 156 µg/ and 312.5 µg/ml of crude extract and ethanolic fraction respectively. However, the biofilm was reduced to 50% in the presence of crude extract (39.04 µg/ml) and ethanolic fraction (78.08 µg/ml). Furthermore, effective reduction was observed in the glucan synthesis and cell surface hydrophobicity. The qRT-PCR revealed significant suppression of the genes involved in its virulence. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy clearly depicted the obliteration of biofilm structure with reference to control. Hence, this study reveals the potential of E. officinalis fruit extracts as an alternative and complementary medicine for dental caries by inhibiting the virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Hasan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Danishuddin
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Adil
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kunal Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen K. Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Asad U. Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Song J, Choi B, Jin EJ, Yoon Y, Choi KH. Curcumin suppresses Streptococcus mutans adherence to human tooth surfaces and extracellular matrix proteins. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:1347-52. [PMID: 22009290 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the key causative agent of caries and infective endocarditis. The first step in biofilm development and the consequent initiation of further disease is bacterial adherence to host cell surfaces. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of curcumin on S. mutans adherence to extracellular matrices and tooth surfaces. The effect of curcumin on the ability of S. mutans to adhere to glass surfaces coated with collagen and fibronectin was tested in order to determine whether the decrease of the bacterial adhesion by curcumin is achieved by hindering the bacteria in adhering to collagen and/or fibronectin. Also, human teeth inoculated with S. mutans were treated with curcumin in vitro in order to assess the relevance of the anti-adhesive effect to oral conditions in vivo. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at which curcumin completely inhibited bacterial growth was 128 μg/mL. The addition of curcumin below the MIC diminished bacterial adherence onto both collagen- and fibronectin-coated glass surfaces and human tooth surfaces. It appears that the anti-adhesive effect of curcumin against S. mutans is mediated through collagen and fibronectin. These results support the widespread use of curcumin as a food-based antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 570-749, Korea
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Lapirattanakul J, Nakano K, Nomura R, Leelataweewud P, Chalermsarp N, Klaophimai A, Srisatjaluk R, Hamada S, Ooshima T. Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Streptococcus mutans strains with the cnm gene encoding collagen-binding adhesin. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1677-1684. [PMID: 21680768 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.033415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is one of the oral pathogens associated with infective endocarditis (IE). With respect to bacterial binding ability to the extracellular matrix, the Cnm protein, a cell surface collagen-binding adhesin of S. mutans, is known as one of the possible virulence factors with regard to IE. In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution of the cnm gene, which encodes Cnm, in a large number of clinical isolates of S. mutans from Thai subjects. Then, the cnm-positive strains were classified using a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, which we constructed previously. In addition, the data were analysed together with our previous MLST data of cnm-positive strains from Japan and Finland in order to evaluate the clonal relationship among S. mutans strains harbouring the cnm gene. The cnm gene was detected in 12.4 % of all 750 Thai isolates, and serotype f showed the highest rate of detection (54.5 %). According to the MLST data, two clonal complex groups were revealed as the important clones related to cnm-positive S. mutans from various origins of isolation. Moreover, the collagen-binding properties of S. mutans strains with the cnm gene were significantly greater than those of strains without the gene, although four cnm-negative strains classified into two sequence types (STs), ST110 and ST136, showed extremely high collagen-binding rates suggesting the presence of additional genes involved with collagen binding in these STs. Taken together, these results provided information on both epidemiological as well as evolutional aspects of S. mutans possessing the cnm gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinthana Lapirattanakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Narumon Chalermsarp
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Arthit Klaophimai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ratchapin Srisatjaluk
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Shigeyuki Hamada
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infection, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Takashi Ooshima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Henderson B, Nair S, Pallas J, Williams MA. Fibronectin: a multidomain host adhesin targeted by bacterial fibronectin-binding proteins. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 35:147-200. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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16
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Nobbs AH, Lamont RJ, Jenkinson HF. Streptococcus adherence and colonization. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009; 73:407-50, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19721085 PMCID: PMC2738137 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00014-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococci readily colonize mucosal tissues in the nasopharynx; the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts; and the skin. Each ecological niche presents a series of challenges to successful colonization with which streptococci have to contend. Some species exist in equilibrium with their host, neither stimulating nor submitting to immune defenses mounted against them. Most are either opportunistic or true pathogens responsible for diseases such as pharyngitis, tooth decay, necrotizing fasciitis, infective endocarditis, and meningitis. Part of the success of streptococci as colonizers is attributable to the spectrum of proteins expressed on their surfaces. Adhesins enable interactions with salivary, serum, and extracellular matrix components; host cells; and other microbes. This is the essential first step to colonization, the development of complex communities, and possible invasion of host tissues. The majority of streptococcal adhesins are anchored to the cell wall via a C-terminal LPxTz motif. Other proteins may be surface anchored through N-terminal lipid modifications, while the mechanism of cell wall associations for others remains unclear. Collectively, these surface-bound proteins provide Streptococcus species with a "coat of many colors," enabling multiple intimate contacts and interplays between the bacterial cell and the host. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated direct roles for many streptococcal adhesins as colonization or virulence factors, making them attractive targets for therapeutic and preventive strategies against streptococcal infections. There is, therefore, much focus on applying increasingly advanced molecular techniques to determine the precise structures and functions of these proteins, and their regulatory pathways, so that more targeted approaches can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela H Nobbs
- Oral Microbiology Unit, Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
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17
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Muñoz-Provencio D, Pérez-Martínez G, Monedero V. Characterization of a fibronectin-binding protein from Lactobacillus casei BL23. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:1050-1059. [PMID: 19735320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the functionality of the Lactobacillus casei BL23 fbpA gene encoding a putative fibronectin-binding protein. METHODS AND RESULTS Adhesion tests showed that L. casei BL23 binds immobilized and soluble fibronectin in a protease-sensitive manner. A mutant with inactivated fbpA showed a decrease in binding to immobilized fibronectin and a strong reduction in the surface hydrophobicity as reflected by microbial adhesion to solvents test. However, minor effects were seen on adhesion to the human Caco-2 or HT-29 cell lines. Purified 6X(His)FbpA bound to immobilized fibronectin in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot experiments with FbpA-specific antibodies showed that FbpA could be extracted from the cell surface by LiCl treatment and that protease digestion of the cells reduced the amount of extracted FbpA. Furthermore, surface exposition of FbpA was detected in other L. casei strains by LiCl extraction and whole-cell ELISA. CONCLUSIONS FbpA can be found at the L. casei BL23 surface and participates in cell attachment to immobilized fibronectin. We showed that FbpA is an important, but not the only, factor contributing to fibronectin binding in BL23 strain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report showing the involvement of FbpA in fibronectin binding in L. casei BL23 and represents a new contribution to the study of attachment factors in probiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Muñoz-Provencio
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-CSIC, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-CSIC, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Monedero
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-CSIC, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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