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Ott L, Möller J, Burkovski A. Interactions between the Re-Emerging Pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Host Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063298. [PMID: 35328715 PMCID: PMC8952647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the etiological agent of diphtheria, is a re-emerging pathogen, responsible for several thousand deaths per year. In addition to diphtheria, systemic infections, often by non-toxigenic strains, are increasingly observed. This indicates that besides the well-studied and highly potent diphtheria toxin, various other virulence factors may influence the progression of the infection. This review focuses on the known components of C. diphtheriae responsible for adhesion, invasion, inflammation, and cell death, as well as on the cellular signaling pathways activated upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ott
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Jens Möller
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-852-8086
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Cappelli EA, do Espírito Santo Cucinelli A, Simpson-Louredo L, Canellas MEF, Antunes CA, Burkovski A, da Silva JFR, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Saliba AM, dos Santos LS. Insights of OxyR role in mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:583-594. [PMID: 35169995 PMCID: PMC9151940 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the leading causing agent of diphtheria, has been increasingly related to invasive diseases, including sepsis, endocarditis, pneumonia, and osteomyelitis. Oxidative stress defense is required not only for successful growth and survival under environmental conditions but also in the regulation of virulence mechanisms of human pathogenic species, by promoting mucosal colonization, survival, dissemination, and defense against the innate immune system. OxyR, functioning as a negative and/or positive transcriptional regulator, has been included among the major bacterial coordinators of antioxidant response. OxyR was first reported as a repressor of catalase expression in C. diphtheriae. However, the involvement of OxyR in C. diphtheriae pathogenesis remains unclear. Accordingly, this work aimed to investigate the role of OxyR in mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction of C. diphtheriae through the disruption of the OxyR of the diphtheria toxin (DT)-producing C. diphtheriae CDC-E8392 strain. The effects of OxyR gene disruption were analyzed through interaction assays with human epithelial cell lines (HEp-2 and pneumocytes A549) and by the induction of experimental infections in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes and Swiss Webster mice. The OxyR disruption exerted influence on NO production and mechanism accountable for the expression of the aggregative-adherence pattern (AA) expressed by CDC-E8392 strain on human epithelial HEp-2 cells. Moreover, invasive potential and intracytoplasmic survival within HEp-2 cells, as well as the arthritogenic potential in mice, were found affected by the OxyR disruption. In conclusion, data suggest that OxyR is implicated in mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction of C. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Alves Cappelli
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrezza do Espírito Santo Cucinelli
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liliane Simpson-Louredo
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Eurydice Freire Canellas
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Department of Histology and Embryology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mattos Saliba
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louisy Sanches dos Santos
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Whole genome sequence of a non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain from a hospital in southeastern China. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:42. [PMID: 34656079 PMCID: PMC8520229 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sporadic cases of infection with non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) isolates have been reported in regions covered by the Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccine, but no information describing the whole genome of non-toxigenic strains collected in China is available. Therefore, in this work, the complete genome of a non-toxigenic strain of C. diphtheriae from a hospital located in southeastern China was performed. Results This non-toxigenic isolate belonged to the belfanti biotype and possessed a unique ST (assigned as ST799 in pubMLST). ErmX was present in the genome sequence and this isolate owned the resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin. Genes coding for virulence factors involved in adherence, iron-uptake and regulation of diphtheria toxin were also found. Two genes were involved in the interaction between pathogen and host. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that this newly isolated strain was similar to the strain NCTC10838, CMCNS703 and CHUV2995. Conclusion Non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae strain contained virulence factors, thus it is able to cause an infectious disease, aspect that could be clarified by performing the whole genome sequencing analysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-021-00998-9.
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Möller J, Nosratabadi F, Musella L, Hofmann J, Burkovski A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae Proteome Adaptation to Cell Culture Medium and Serum. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9010014. [PMID: 33805816 PMCID: PMC8005964 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions are often studied in vitro using primary or immortal cell lines. This set-up avoids ethical problems of animal testing and has the additional advantage of lower costs. However, the influence of cell culture media on bacterial growth and metabolism is not considered or investigated in most cases. To address this question growth and proteome adaptation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain ISS3319 were investigated in this study. Bacteria were cultured in standard growth medium, cell culture medium, and fetal calf serum. Mass spectrometric analyses and label-free protein quantification hint at an increased bacterial pathogenicity when grown in cell culture medium as well as an influence of the growth medium on the cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Möller
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (F.N.); (L.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-28802
| | - Fatemeh Nosratabadi
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (F.N.); (L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Luca Musella
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (F.N.); (L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (F.N.); (L.M.); (A.B.)
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Chauvelot P, Ferry T, Tafani V, Diot A, Tasse J, Conrad A, Chidiac C, Braun E, Lustig S, Laurent F, Valour F. Bone and Joint Infection Involving Corynebacterium spp.: From Clinical Features to Pathophysiological Pathways. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:539501. [PMID: 33585497 PMCID: PMC7873945 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.539501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Corynebacteria represent often-neglected etiological agents of post-traumatic and/or post-operative bone and joint infection (BJI). We describe here clinical characteristics and bacteriological determinants of this condition. Methods: A retrospective cohort study described characteristics, outcome and determinants of treatment failure of all patients with proven Corynebacterium spp. BJI (i.e., ≥2 culture-positive gold-standard samples). Available strains were further characterized regarding their antibiotic susceptibilies, abilities to form early (BioFilm Ring Test®) and mature (crystal violet staining method) biofilms and to invade osteoblasts (gentamicin protection assay). Results: The 51 included BJI were mostly chronic (88.2%), orthopedic device-related (74.5%) and polymicrobial (78.4%). After a follow-up of 60.7 weeks (IQR, 30.1-115.1), 20 (39.2%) treatment failures were observed, including 4 Corynebacterium-documented relapses, mostly associated with non-optimal surgical management (OR 7.291; p = 0.039). Internalization rate within MG63 human osteoblasts was higher for strains isolated from delayed (>3 months) BJI (p < 0.001). Infection of murine osteoblasts deleted for the β1-integrin resulted in a drastic reduction in the internalization rate. No difference was observed regarding biofilm formation. Conclusions: Surgical management plays a crucial role in outcome of BJI involving corynebacteria, as often chronic and device-associated infections. Sanctuarisation within osteoblasts, implicating the β1 cellular integrin, may represent a pivotal virulence factor associated with BJI chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Chauvelot
- Departement of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French Regional Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Departement of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French Regional Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Tafani
- International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Alan Diot
- International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Jason Tasse
- International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,BioFilm Control, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Anne Conrad
- Departement of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French Regional Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Christian Chidiac
- Departement of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French Regional Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Evelyne Braun
- Departement of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French Regional Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Lustig
- French Regional Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Orthopedic Surgery Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- French Regional Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of bacteriology, French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florent Valour
- Departement of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French Regional Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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Sharma NC, Efstratiou A, Mokrousov I, Mutreja A, Das B, Ramamurthy T. Diphtheria. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:81. [PMID: 31804499 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diphtheria is a potentially fatal infection mostly caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains and occasionally by toxigenic C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis strains. Diphtheria is generally an acute respiratory infection, characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane in the throat, but cutaneous infections are possible. Systemic effects, such as myocarditis and neuropathy, which are associated with increased fatality risk, are due to diphtheria toxin, an exotoxin produced by the pathogen that inhibits protein synthesis and causes cell death. Clinical diagnosis is confirmed by the isolation and identification of the causative Corynebacterium spp., usually by bacterial culture followed by enzymatic and toxin detection tests. Diphtheria can be treated with the timely administration of diphtheria antitoxin and antimicrobial therapy. Although effective vaccines are available, this disease has the potential to re-emerge in countries where the recommended vaccination programmes are not sustained, and increasing proportions of adults are becoming susceptible to diphtheria. Thousands of diphtheria cases are still reported annually from several countries in Asia and Africa, along with many outbreaks. Changes in the epidemiology of diphtheria have been reported worldwide. The prevalence of toxigenic Corynebacterium spp. highlights the need for proper clinical and epidemiological investigations to quickly identify and treat affected individuals, along with public health measures to prevent and contain the spread of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Chand Sharma
- Laboratory Department, Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Androulla Efstratiou
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Diphtheria and Streptococcal Infections, Reference Microbiology Division, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- Global Health-Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
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Brodzik K, Krysztopa-Grzybowska K, Polak M, Lach J, Strapagiel D, Zasada AA. Analysis of the Amino Acid Sequence Variation of the 67-72p Protein and the Structural Pili Proteins of Corynebacterium diphtheriae for their Suitability as Potential Vaccine Antigens. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:233-246. [PMID: 31250594 PMCID: PMC7256701 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the potential vaccine antigens in Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains by in silico analysis of the amino acid variation in the 67-72p surface protein that is involved in the colonization and induction of epithelial cell apoptosis in the early stages of infection. The analysis of pili structural proteins involved in bacterial adherence to host cells and related to various types of infections was also performed. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to amplify the genes encoding the 67-72p protein and three pili structural proteins (SpaC, SpaI, SapD) and the products obtained were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of the particular genes were translated into amino acid sequences, which were then matched among all the tested strains using bioinformatics tools. In the last step, the affinity of the tested proteins to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II, and linear B-cell epitopes was analyzed. The variations in the nucleotide sequence of the 67-72p protein and pili structural proteins among C. diphtheriae strains isolated from various infections were noted. A transposition of the insertion sequence within the gene encoding the SpaC pili structural proteins was also detected. In addition, the bioinformatics analyses enabled the identification of epitopes for B-cells and T-cells in the conserved regions of the proteins, thus, demonstrating that these proteins could be used as antigens in the potential vaccine development. The results identified the most conserved regions in all tested proteins that are exposed on the surface of C. diphtheriae cells. The aim of this study was to identify the potential vaccine antigens in Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains by in silico analysis of the amino acid variation in the 67–72p surface protein that is involved in the colonization and induction of epithelial cell apoptosis in the early stages of infection. The analysis of pili structural proteins involved in bacterial adherence to host cells and related to various types of infections was also performed. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to amplify the genes encoding the 67–72p protein and three pili structural proteins (SpaC, SpaI, SapD) and the products obtained were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of the particular genes were translated into amino acid sequences, which were then matched among all the tested strains using bioinformatics tools. In the last step, the affinity of the tested proteins to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II, and linear B-cell epitopes was analyzed. The variations in the nucleotide sequence of the 67–72p protein and pili structural proteins among C. diphtheriae strains isolated from various infections were noted. A transposition of the insertion sequence within the gene encoding the SpaC pili structural proteins was also detected. In addition, the bioinformatics analyses enabled the identification of epitopes for B-cells and T-cells in the conserved regions of the proteins, thus, demonstrating that these proteins could be used as antigens in the potential vaccine development. The results identified the most conserved regions in all tested proteins that are exposed on the surface of C. diphtheriae cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Brodzik
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krysztopa-Grzybowska
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Maciej Polak
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Jakub Lach
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland ; BBMRI.pl Consortium, Wroclaw Research Center EIT+ , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Anna Zasada
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene , Warsaw , Poland
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Pellegrino FLPC, Chagas TPG, Alves MS, Carvalho-Assef APD, Chapeaurouge A, Asensi MD. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Applications in Bacteriology: brazilian contributions. HU REVISTA 2018. [DOI: 10.34019/1982-8047.2017.v43.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among its innumerous applications in Bacteriology, the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique is evolving as a powerful tool for bacterial identification and antimicrobial resistance investigation. Publications have evaluated the MALDI-TOF MS performance in the identification of a series of bacterial pathogens, including the most common severe infectious agents, emergent pathogens involved with outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections, rare pathogens, and those whose isolation in culture media is difficult. As compared to conventional methods of bacterial identification, MALDI-TOF MS has proven to be a fast, accurate and cost-effective technique. Currently, MALDI-TOF MS has been used in antimicrobial resistance studies, since it has shown to be an efficient tool in detecting specific resistance mechanisms in bacteria, such as beta-lactamases production, for example. Here, we describe the advances in this growing field of mass spectrometry applied to Bacteriology, including Brazilian contributions.
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Weerasekera D, Stengel F, Sticht H, de Mattos Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A, Azevedo Antunes C. The C-terminal coiled-coil domain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae DIP0733 is crucial for interaction with epithelial cells and pathogenicity in invertebrate animal model systems. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:106. [PMID: 30180805 PMCID: PMC6123952 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the etiologic agent of diphtheria and different systemic infections. The bacterium has been classically described as an extracellular pathogen. However, a number of studies revealed its ability to invade epithelial cells, indicating a more complex pathogen-host interaction. The molecular mechanisms controlling and facilitating internalization of C. diphtheriae still remains unclear. Recently, the DIP0733 transmembrane protein was found to play an important role in the interaction with matrix proteins and cell surfaces, nematode colonization, cellular internalization and induction of cell death. Results In this study, we identified a number of short linear motifs and structural elements of DIP0733 with putative importance in virulence, using bioinformatic approaches. A C-terminal coiled-coil region of the protein was considered particularly important, since it was found only in DIP0733 homologs in pathogenic Corynebacterium species but not in non-pathogenic corynebacteria. Infections of epithelial cells and transepithelial resistance assays revealed that bacteria expressing the truncated form of C. diphtheriae DIP0733 and C. glutamicum DIP0733 homolog are less virulent, while the fusion of the coiled-coil sequence to the DIP0733 homolog from C. glutamicum resulted in increased pathogenicity. These results were supported by nematode killing assays and experiments using wax moth larvae as invertebrate model systems. Conclusions Our data indicate that the coil-coiled domain of DIP0733 is crucial for interaction with epithelial cells and pathogenicity in invertebrate animal model systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1247-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulanthi Weerasekera
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Stengel
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza de Mattos Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium ulcerans share one distinctive feature: they are all putative carriers of the diphtheria toxin (DT), encoded by a β-corynephage integrated into the genome. Due to its medical relevance, C. diphtheriae may be the most highly investigated species of the genus Corynebacterium. Nevertheless, systemic infections caused by C. ulcerans are increasingly being reported indicating that this species is an emerging pathogen today. C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis and C. ulcerans are able to colonize different types of epithelial cells in a strain-specific manner, independent of the presence of the tox gene. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to host colonization are barely understood. This review gives a comprehensive update of recent data concerning the adhesion properties of toxigenic corynebacteria, demonstrating that adhesion is a multi-factorial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ott
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Professur für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae macrophage interaction: Dispensability of corynomycolic acids for inhibition of phagolysosome maturation and identification of a new gene involved in synthesis of the corynomycolic acid layer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180105. [PMID: 28686600 PMCID: PMC5501465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria, a toxin mediated disease of upper respiratory tract, which can be fatal. As a member of the CMNR group, C. diphtheriae is closely related to members of the genera Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus. Almost all members of these genera comprise an outer membrane layer of mycolic acids, which is assumed to influence host-pathogen interactions. In this study, three different C. diphtheriae strains were investigated in respect to their interaction with phagocytic murine and human cells and the invertebrate infection model Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results indicate that C. diphtheriae is able to delay phagolysosome maturation after internalization in murine and human cell lines. This effect is independent of the presence of mycolic acids, as one of the strains lacked corynomycolates. In addition, analyses of NF-κB induction revealed a mycolate-independent mechanism and hint to detrimental effects of the different strains tested on the phagocytic cells. Bioinformatics analyses carried out to elucidate the reason for the lack of mycolates in one of the strains led to the identification of a new gene involved in mycomembrane formation in C. diphtheriae.
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12
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Peixoto RS, Antunes CA, Lourêdo LS, Viana VG, Santos CSD, Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva J, Hirata R, Hacker E, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A. Functional characterization of the collagen-binding protein DIP2093 and its influence on host-pathogen interaction and arthritogenic potential of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:692-701. [PMID: 28535857 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as the a etiological agent of diphtheria, a toxaemic infection of the respiratory tract; however, both non-toxigenic and toxigenic strains are increasingly isolated from cases of invasive infections. The molecular mechanisms responsible for bacterial colonization and dissemination to host tissues remain only partially understood. In this report, we investigated the role of DIP2093, described as a putative adhesin of the serine-aspartate repeat (Sdr) protein family in host-pathogen interactions of C. diphtheriae wild-type strain NCTC13129. Compared to the parental strain, a DIP2093 mutant RN generated in this study was attenuated in its ability to bind to type I collagen, to adhere to and invade epithelial cells, as well as to survive within macrophages. Furthermore, DIP2093 mutant strain RN had a less detrimental impact on the viability of Caenorhabditis elegans as well as in the clinical severity of arthritis in mice. In conclusion, DIP2093 functions as a microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecules, and may be included among the factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of C. diphtheriae strains, independently of toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavracakis Peixoto
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liliane Simpson Lourêdo
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanilda Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva
- Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute - iBRAG - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Hacker
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Peixoto RS, Hacker E, Antunes CA, Weerasekera D, Dias AA, Martins CA, Hirata R, Santos KRND, Burkovski A, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Pathogenic properties of a Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain isolated from a case of osteomyelitis. J Med Microbiol 2017; 65:1311-1321. [PMID: 27902402 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract (respiratory diphtheria) and the skin (cutaneous diphtheria). However, different strains of Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae can also cause invasive infections. In this study, the characterization of a non-toxigenic Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae strain (designated BR-INCA5015) isolated from osteomyelitis in the frontal bone of a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma was performed. Pathogenic properties of the strain BR-INCA5015 were tested in a Caenorhabditis elegans survival assay showing strong colonization and killing by this strain. Survival rates of 3.8±2.7 %, 33.6±7.3 % and 0 % were observed for strains ATCC 27010T, ATCC 27012 and BR-INCA5015, respectively, at day 7. BR-INCA5015 was able to colonize epithelial cells, showing elevated capacity to adhere to and survive within HeLa cells compared to other Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae isolates. Intracellular survival in macrophages (THP-1 and RAW 264.7) was significantly higher compared to control strains ATCC 27010T (non-toxigenic) and ATCC 27012 (toxigenic). Furthermore, the ability of BR-INCA5015 to induce osteomyelitis was confirmed by in vivo assay using Swiss Webster mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavracakis Peixoto
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Hacker
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dulanthi Weerasekera
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A A Dias
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Martins
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute - Ministry of Health, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Hacker E, Antunes CA, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A, Tauch A. Corynebacterium ulcerans, an emerging human pathogen. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1191-208. [PMID: 27545005 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While formerly known infections of Corynebacterium ulcerans are rare and mainly associated with contact to infected cattle, C. ulcerans has become an emerging pathogen today. In Western Europe, cases of respiratory diphtheria caused by C. ulcerans have been reported more often than infections by Corynebacterium diphtheria, while systemic infections are also increasingly reported. Little is known about factors that contribute to host colonization and virulence of this zoonotic pathogen. Research in this field has received new impetus by the publication of several C. ulcerans genome sequences in the past years. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the basic knowledge of C. ulcerans, as well as the recent advances made in the analysis of putative virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hacker
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila A Antunes
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Clinically Important Corynebacteria (LDCIC), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Clinically Important Corynebacteria (LDCIC), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Tauch
- Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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15
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Mochizuki Y, Saeki H, Iwaki M, Takagi H, Shibayama K, Amao H, Yamamoto A. A novel experimental platform for toxigenic and non-toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans infection in mice. Pathog Dis 2015; 74:ftv109. [PMID: 26607400 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium ulcerans is a zoonotic pathogen that can produce diphtheria toxin and causes an illness categorized as diphtheria in the European Union because its clinical appearance is similar to that of diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Despite the importance of the pathogen in public health, the organism's mechanism of infection has not been extensively studied, especially in experimental animal models. Therefore in the present study we constructed an intranasal infection system for mice. Mice are insensitive to diphtheria toxin and this has the advantage of excluding the cytotoxic effect of the toxin that might interfere with the analysis of the early stage of infection. Both the toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. ulcerans strains were capable of killing mice within 3 days after inoculation at 10(7) colony-forming units per mouse. In experimentally infected animals, C. ulcerans was detected in the respiratory tract but not in the intestinal tract. The bacterium was also detected in peripheral blood and it disseminated into the lung, kidney and spleen to produce a systemic infection. This experimental infection system provides a platform for analyzing the virulence of C. ulcerans in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mochizuki
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Honami Saeki
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwaki
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitrotaka Takagi
- Division of Biosafety Control and Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Amao
- School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Ferreira Eduardo da Costa A, Alfredo Moraes J, Silva Santos de Oliveira J, Hanthequeste Bittencourt Dos Santos M, da Silva Santos G, Barja-Fidalgo C, Luiza Mattos-Guaraldi A, Emy Nagao P. Reactive oxygen species involved in apoptosis induction of human respiratory epithelial (A549) cells by Streptococcus agalactiae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 162:94-99. [PMID: 26490153 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus; GBS) is an important pathogen and is associated with pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis in neonates and adults. GBS infections induce cytotoxicity of respiratory epithelial cells (A549) with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ψm). The apoptosis of A549 cells by GBS was dependent on the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 with increased pro-apoptotic Bim and Bax molecules and decreased Bcl-2 pro-survival protein. Treatment of infected A549 cells with ROS inhibitors (diphenyleniodonium chloride or apocynin) prevented intracellular ROS production and apoptosis. Consequently, oxidative stress is included among the cellular events leading to apoptosis during GBS human invasive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Ferreira Eduardo da Costa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Streptococci, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Alfredo Moraes
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jessica Silva Santos de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Streptococci, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela da Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Streptococci, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance (LDCIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Prescilla Emy Nagao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Streptococci, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Sangal V, Blom J, Sutcliffe IC, von Hunolstein C, Burkovski A, Hoskisson PA. Adherence and invasive properties of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains correlates with the predicted membrane-associated and secreted proteome. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:765. [PMID: 26452736 PMCID: PMC4600297 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains are emerging as a major cause of severe pharyngitis and tonsillitis as well as invasive diseases such as endocarditis, septic arthritis, splenic abscesses and osteomyelitis. C. diphtheriae strains have been reported to vary in their ability to adhere and invade different cell lines. To identify the genetic basis of variation in the degrees of pathogenicity, we sequenced the genomes of four strains of C. diphtheriae (ISS 3319, ISS 4060, ISS 4746 and ISS 4749) that are well characterised in terms of their ability to adhere and invade mammalian cells. RESULTS Comparative analyses of 20 C. diphtheriae genome sequences, including 16 publicly available genomes, revealed a pan-genome comprising 3,989 protein coding sequences that include 1,625 core genes and 2,364 accessory genes. Most of the genomic variation between these strains relates to uncharacterised genes encoding hypothetical proteins or transposases. Further analyses of protein sequences using an array of bioinformatic tools predicted most of the accessory proteome to be located in the cytoplasm. The membrane-associated and secreted proteins are generally involved in adhesion and virulence characteristics. The genes encoding membrane-associated proteins, especially the number and organisation of the pilus gene clusters (spa) including the number of genes encoding surface proteins with LPXTG motifs differed between different strains. Other variations were among the genes encoding extracellular proteins, especially substrate binding proteins of different functional classes of ABC transport systems and 'non-classical' secreted proteins. CONCLUSIONS The structure and organisation of the spa gene clusters correlates with differences in the ability of C. diphtheriae strains to adhere and invade the host cells. Furthermore, differences in the number of genes encoding membrane-associated proteins, e.g., additional proteins with LPXTG motifs could also result in variation in the adhesive properties between different strains. The variation in the secreted proteome may be associated with the degree of pathogenesis. While the role of the 'non-classical' secretome in virulence remains unclear, differences in the substrate binding proteins of various ABC transport systems and cytoplasmic proteins potentially suggest strain variation in nutritional requirements or a differential ability to utilize various carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartul Sangal
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Jochen Blom
- Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Iain C Sutcliffe
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | | | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Paul A Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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18
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Virulence Factor Genes Detected in the Complete Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium uterequi DSM 45634, Isolated from the Uterus of a Maiden Mare. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/4/e00783-15. [PMID: 26227590 PMCID: PMC4520889 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00783-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The complete genome sequence of the type strain
Corynebacterium uterequi
DSM 45634 from an equine urogenital tract specimen comprises 2,419,437 bp and 2,163 protein-coding genes. Candidate virulence factors are homologs of DIP0733, DIP1281, and DIP1621 from
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
and of sialidase precursors from
Trueperella pyogenes
and
Chlamydia trachomatis
.
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19
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Antunes CA, Sanches dos Santos L, Hacker E, Köhler S, Bösl K, Ott L, de Luna MDG, Hirata R, Azevedo VADC, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A. Characterization of DIP0733, a multi-functional virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:639-47. [PMID: 25635272 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as an extracellular pathogen. However, a number of studies revealed its ability to invade epithelial cells, indicating a more complex pathogen-host interaction. The molecular mechanisms controlling and facilitating internalization of Cor. diphtheriae are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of DIP0733 as virulence factor to elucidate how it contributes to the process of pathogen-host cell interaction. Based on in vitro experiments, it was suggested recently that the DIP0733 protein might be involved in adhesion, invasion of epithelial cells and induction of apoptosis. A corresponding Cor. diphtheriae mutant strain generated in this study was attenuated in its ability to colonize and kill the host in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model system. Furthermore, the mutant showed an altered adhesion pattern and a drastically reduced ability to adhere and invade epithelial cells. Subsequent experiments showed an influence of DIP0733 on binding of Cor. diphtheriae to extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Furthermore, based on its fibrinogen-binding activity, DIP0733 may play a role in avoiding recognition of Cor. diphtheriae by the immune system. In summary, our findings support the idea that DIP0733 is a multi-functional virulence factor of Cor. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Departmento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Elena Hacker
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Köhler
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Bösl
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Ott
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Raphael Hirata
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Departmento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Andreas Burkovski
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Characterization of the antiproliferative potential and biological targets of a trans ketoimine platinum complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Gomes DLR, Peixoto RS, Barbosa EAB, Napoleão F, Sabbadini PS, Dos Santos KRN, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Hirata R. SubMICs of penicillin and erythromycin enhance biofilm formation and hydrophobicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:754-760. [PMID: 23449875 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.052373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subinhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of antibiotics may alter bacterial surface properties and change microbial physiology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a subMIC (⅛ MIC) of penicillin (PEN) and erythromycin (ERY) on bacterial morphology, haemagglutinating activity, cell-surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and biofilm formation on glass and polystyrene surfaces, as well as the distribution of cell-surface acidic anionic residues of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (HC01 tox(-) strain; CDC-E8392 and 241 tox(+) strains). All micro-organisms tested were susceptible to PEN and ERY. Growth in the presence of PEN induced bacterial filamentation, whereas subMIC of ERY caused cell-size reduction of strains 241 and CDC-E8392. Adherence to human erythrocytes was reduced after growth in the presence of ERY, while CSH was increased by a subMIC of both antibiotics in bacterial adherence to n-hexadecane assays. Conversely, antibiotic inhibition of biofilm formation was not observed. All strains enhanced biofilm formation on glass after treatment with ERY, while only strain 241 increased glass adherence after cultivation in the presence of PEN. Biofilm production on polystyrene surfaces was improved by ⅛ MIC of ERY. After growth in the presence of both antimicrobial agents, strains 241 and CDC-E8392 exhibited anionic surface charges with focal distribution. In conclusion, subMICs of PEN and ERY modified bacterial surface properties and enhanced not only biofilm formation but also cell-surface hydrophobicity. Antibiotic-induced biofilm formation may contribute to the inconsistent success of antimicrobial therapy for C. diphtheriae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L R Gomes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - R S Peixoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - E A B Barbosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - F Napoleão
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - P S Sabbadini
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - K R N Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - A L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - R Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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22
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Cell envelope of corynebacteria: structure and influence on pathogenicity. ISRN MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 2013:935736. [PMID: 23724339 PMCID: PMC3658426 DOI: 10.1155/2013/935736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To date the genus Corynebacterium comprises 88 species. More than half of these are connected to human and animal infections, with the most prominent member of the pathogenic species being Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is also the type species of the genus. Corynebacterium species are characterized by a complex cell wall architecture: the plasma membrane of these bacteria is followed by a peptidoglycan layer, which itself is covalently linked to a polymer of arabinogalactan. Bound to this, an outer layer of mycolic acids is found which is functionally equivalent to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. As final layer, free polysaccharides, glycolipids, and proteins are found. The composition of the different substructures of the corynebacterial cell envelope and their influence on pathogenicity are discussed in this paper.
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23
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Ott L, Scholz B, Höller M, Hasselt K, Ensser A, Burkovski A. Induction of the NFκ-B signal transduction pathway in response to Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection. Microbiology (Reading) 2013; 159:126-135. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.061879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ott
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Scholz
- Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Virologisches Institut des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Höller
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin Hasselt
- BioCer Entwicklungs-GmbH, Ludwig-Thoma-Str. 36c, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Virologisches Institut des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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