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Sartini I, Vercelli C, Lebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Lisowski A, Fadel C, Poapolathep A, Dessì F, Giorgi M. Pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity of tiamulin after single and multiple oral administrations in geese. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100317. [PMID: 37920697 PMCID: PMC10618762 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tiamulin is an antibiotic approved exclusively in veterinary medicine, active against G-positive bacteria as well as Mycoplasma spp. and Leptospirae spp. The study was aimed to establish its pharmacokinetics and to evaluate drug effects on resistance in cloacal flora in vivo in geese. Eight healthy geese underwent to a two-phase longitudinal study (60 mg/kg single oral administration vs 60 mg/kg/day for 4 days) with a two-week wash-out period. Blood samples and cloacal swabs were collected at pre-assigned times. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) has been evaluated for each isolated bacterial species. The pharmacokinetic parameters that significantly differed between the groups were Cmax (p = 0.024), AUC0-t (p = 0.031), AUC0-inf (p = 0.038), t1/2kel (p = 0.021), Cl/F (p = 0.036), and Vd/F (p = 0.012). Tiamulin exhibited a slow to moderate terminal half-life (3.13 h single; 2.62 h multiple) and a rapid absorption (1 h single; 0.5 h multiple) in geese, with an accumulation ratio of 1.8 after multiple doses. An in-silico simulation of multiple dosing did not reflect the results of the in vivo multiple dosage study. In both treatments, the MIC values were very high demonstrating a resistance (> 64 μg/ml) against tiamulin that can be present prior the drug administration for some strains, or emerge shortly after the commencing of treatment for some others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sartini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristina Vercelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Andrzej Lisowski
- Department of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Charbel Fadel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Filomena Dessì
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte), 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
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Shirvani F, Hassanzadeh R, Attaran B, Ghandchi G, Abdollahi N, Gholinejad Z, Sheikhi Z, Behzad A, Fallah F, Azimi L, Safarkhani A, Karimi A, Mahdavi A, Armin S, Ghanaiee RM, Tabatabaei SR, Fahimzad SA, Alebouyeh M. The intestinal carrier status of Enterococcus spp. in children: clonal diversity and alterations in resistance phenotypes before and after admission to a pediatric intensive care unit. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:434. [PMID: 37648974 PMCID: PMC10466818 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the intestinal carrier status of Enterococcus spp. among children in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and reveal the role of hospitalization in the alteration of resistance phenotypes and clonal diversity of the isolates during admission and discharge periods. METHODS Two separate stool samples were collected from hospitalized patients in the pediatric intensive care unit at admission and discharge times. The culture was done, and Enterococcus species were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and carriage of vanA-D gene subtypes. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was used for a phylogenetic study to check the homology of pairs of isolates. RESULTS The results showed carriage of Enterococci at admission, discharge, and at both time points in 31%, 28.7%, and 40.1% of the cases, respectively. High frequencies of the fecal Enterococcus isolates with vancomycin-resistance (VR, 32.6% and 41.9%), high-level of gentamicin-resistance (HLGR, 25.6% and 27.9%), and multi-drug resistance phenotypes (MDR, 48.8% and 65.1%) were detected at admission and discharge times, respectively. Resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, and rifampicin was higher among E. faecium, but resistance to ciprofloxacin was higher in E. faecalis isolates. The increased length of hospital stay was correlated with the carriage of resistant strains to vancomycin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin. While the homology of the isolates was low among different patients during hospitalization, identical (9%) and similar (21%) RAPD-PCR patterns were detected between pairs of isolates from each patient. CONCLUSIONS The high rate of intestinal carriage of VR, HLGR-, and MDR-Enterococci at admission and during hospitalization in the PICU, and the impact of increased length of hospital stay on the fecal carriage of the resistant strains show the importance of antibiotic stewardship programs to control their transmission and spread in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Shirvani
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Hassanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Attaran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Ghandchi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Abdollahi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zari Gholinejad
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikhi
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Behzad
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Safarkhani
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mahdavi
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Armin
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roxana Mansour Ghanaiee
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Fahimzad
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mohammadzadeh N, Teymouri F, Razavi S, Hasannejad-Bibalan M, Zahedi Bialvaei A, Amirmozafari N, Mirzaei R. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of biofilm formation and SCCmec typing of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from different sources. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Development of a reference data set for assigning Streptococcus and Enterococcus species based on next generation sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA region. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:178. [PMID: 31788235 PMCID: PMC6858756 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many members of Streptococcus and Enterococcus genera are clinically relevant opportunistic pathogens warranting accurate and rapid identification for targeted therapy. Currently, the developed method based on next generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S-23S rRNA region proved to be a rapid, reliable and precise approach for species identification directly from polymicrobial and challenging clinical samples. The introduction of this new method to routine diagnostics is hindered by a lack of the reference sequences for the 16S-23S rRNA region for many bacterial species. The aim of this study was to develop a careful assignment for streptococcal and enterococcal species based on NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region. Methods Thirty two strains recovered from clinical samples and 19 reference strains representing 42 streptococcal species and nine enterococcal species were subjected to bacterial identification by four Sanger-based sequencing methods targeting the genes encoding (i) 16S rRNA, (ii) sodA, (iii) tuf and (iv) rpoB; and NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region. Results This study allowed obtainment and deposition of reference sequences of the 16S-23S rRNA region for 15 streptococcal and 3 enterococcal species followed by enrichment for 27 and 6 species, respectively, for which reference sequences were available in the databases. For Streptococcus, NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region was as discriminative as Sanger sequencing of the tuf and rpoB genes allowing for an unambiguous identification of 93% of analyzed species. For Enterococcus, sodA, tuf and rpoB genes sequencing allowed for identification of all species, while the NGS-based method did not allow for identification of only one enterococcal species. For both genera, the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was endowed with a low identification potential and was inferior to that of other tested identification methods. Moreover, in case of phylogenetically related species the sequence analysis of only the intergenic spacer region was not sufficient enough to precisely identify Streptococcus strains at the species level. Conclusions Based on the developed reference dataset, clinically relevant streptococcal and enterococcal species can now be reliably identified by 16S-23S rRNA sequences in samples. This study will be useful for introduction of a novel diagnostic tool, NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region, which undoubtedly is an improvement for reliable culture-independent species identification directly from polymicrobially constituted clinical samples.
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Jannati E, Amirmozaffari N, Saadatmand S, Arzanlou M. Faecal carriage of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant and ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus species in healthy Iranian children. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 20:135-144. [PMID: 31295581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-level aminoglycoside, ampicillin and vancomycin resistance and virulence genes among enterococcal isolates collected from healthy middle-school children in Ardabil, Iran, during 2016 were investigated. METHODS Totally, 305 faecal specimens were collected. Isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, virulence gene detection and molecular typing. RESULTS Totally, 409 enterococcal isolates were collected, comprising Enterococcus faecium (235; 57.5%), Enterococcus faecalis (56; 13.7%) and other Enterococcus spp. (118; 28.9%). Overall, 71 (17.4%), 11 (2.7%) and 10 (2.4%) isolates were identified as high-level streptomycin-resistant (HLSR), high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) and ampicillin-resistant (AR), respectively. Among HLSR isolates, 40 (56.3%), 5 (7.0%) and 26 (36.6%) were E. faecium, E. faecalis and other Enterococcus spp., respectively. Among HLGR isolates 4 (36.4%) and 7 (63.6%) and among AR isolates 7 (70.0%) and 3 (30.0%) were E. faecium and other Enterococcus spp., respectively. Accordingly, 21.6%, 3.6% and 3.3% of subjects were colonised with HLSR, HLGR and AR Enterococcus spp. Carriage of HLGR, HLSR and AR isolates was associated with prior antibiotic consumption (P≤0.05). Additionally, male sex and antacid consumption were associated with AR enterococcal carriage. Moreover, 69 (97.2%), 10 (90.9%) and 9 (90.0%) of HLSR, HLGR and AR isolates were multidrug-resistant, respectively. No vancomycin-resistant enterococci were detected. ERIC-PCR revealed high genetic diversity among isolates. gelE and asa1 were major virulence genes both in E. faecalis and E. faecium. Presence of gelE was associated with HLSR and HLGR phenotypes (P≤0.05). CONCLUSION Community intestinal carriage of HLSR enterococci was high; however, carriage of HLGR and AR enterococci was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jannati
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nour Amirmozaffari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Saadatmand
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arzanlou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Asadollahi P, Razavi S, Asadollahi K, Pourshafie MR, Talebi M. Rise of antibiotic resistance in clinical enterococcal isolates during 2001-2016 in Iran: a review. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 26:92-99. [PMID: 30319780 PMCID: PMC6180340 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical significance of enterococci is mostly related to its antibiotic resistance which contributes to colonization and infection, in particular amongst the hospitalized patients. The present review has examined the literature to provide a comprehensive data on enterococci antibiotic resistance during the last 20 years in Iran. Methods Search engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed were used to identify all Persian and English-language articles investigating enterococci in Iran from 1996 to 2017. The search terms were “enterococci”, “enterococcal”, “enterococcus”, “Iran”, “bacterial resistance”, “antibiotic resistance” and “resistance”. Results Decrease in the resistance trend against ampicillin, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin was observed over a period of 15 years (2001 to 2016) in Iran. During a 10 years period from 2001 to 2015, the rate of resistance among Enterococcus faecalis species was less than Enterococcus faecium. The resistancerate, however, was considerably increased for both species during this period. The mean resistance rates for vancomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfametoxazol, imipenem and teicoplanin were higher among complicated cases (patients with underlying debilitating disorders) compared to general cases (hospitalized or outpatients with no specific underlying disorder). Conclusions E. faecalis and E. faecium showed a rise in the mean resistance against all the antibiotics during a 10-year period from 2010 to 2015. With the exception of penicillin and ampicillin, resistance to all antibiotics was higher amongst complicated cases compared to general patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Asadollahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sh Razavi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kh Asadollahi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Researches Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M R Pourshafie
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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High Level of Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in Enterococci Species Isolated From Clinical and Normal Flora Samples. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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