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Zhang M, Wang Y, Bai M, Jiang H, Cui R, Lin K, Tan C, Gao C, Zhang C. Metagenomics analysis of antibiotic resistance genes, the bacterial community and virulence factor genes of fouled filters and effluents from household water purifiers in drinking water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158572. [PMID: 36075417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the influence and removal of household water purifiers (HWPs) on emerging contaminants in drinking water, and their distribution characteristics. The antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), virulence factor genes (VFGs) and bacterial communities were profiled in the fouled filters, influents, and effluents from HWPs with five steps of filtration after 150 days operation, using metagenomics. The results showed that the diversity of dominant species in Poly Propylene 1 μm (PP1) and nanofiltration membrane (NM) was significantly higher than that in other filters. Post-activated carbon (AC) was used to detect low species richness or diversity, and the highest proportion of dominant species, which contributes to the greater microbial risk of HWPs effluents in drinking water. The number of dominant bacterial genera in the filters disinfected with chloramine was higher than that in the same group disinfected with chlorine. The bacterial species richness or diversity in water was reduced by the purification of HWPs because the filter elements effectively trapped a variety of microorganisms. The relative abundance of Antibiotic efflux in the effluents of chlorinated and chloraminated HWPs was 5.58 × 10-3 and 4.60 × 10-3, respectively, which was the main resistance mechanism. High abundance of VFGs was found in HWPs effluents and the relative abundance of aggressive VFGs was significantly higher than those of defensive VFGs. Based on the co-occurrence results, 243 subtypes of ARGs co-occurred with VFGs, and a variety of bacteria were thought to be possible ARGs hosts, which indicated that the host bacteria of VFGs in HWP effluents had a stronger attack ability. The effluent of HWPs with only filtration processes is exposed to the risk of ARGs and VFGs. This study helps to understand the actual purification effect of HWPs and provides a theoretical reference for the management and control of ARGs pollution in domestic drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Miao Bai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hairong Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruoqi Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kaizong Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chaohong Tan
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China
| | - Cuiling Gao
- Shandong Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Testing Technology Lab of Material Safety, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100071, China.
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Bogiel T, Mikucka A, Kanarek P. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis-Based RAPD-PCR-An Optimization of the Conditions to Rapidly Detect Similarity of the Alert Pathogens for the Purpose of Epidemiological Studies. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120760. [PMID: 36547284 PMCID: PMC9778174 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarose gel electrophoresis is a well-known tool to detect DNA fragments amplified in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Its usefulness has also been confirmed for epidemiological studies based on restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP), usually performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Little is known on the effectiveness for alert-pathogen epidemiological studies of another less time-consuming and costly technique called randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR). Meanwhile, its usefulness is believed to be comparable to RFLP-PFGE. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish and optimize the conditions of agarose gel electrophoresis following RAPD-PCR for 19 Enterococcus faecium strains derived from epidemic outbreaks at intensive care units. An application of different PCR primers, primer combinations, and, in particular, agarose gel concentrations and electrophoresis conditions revealed the usefulness of this relatively fast and inexpensive method based on RAPD-PCR for epidemiological studies without a compulsion to use the specialized equipment necessary for RFLP-PFGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Bogiel
- Microbiology Department, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Dr Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-44-80
| | - Agnieszka Mikucka
- Microbiology Department, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Dr Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kanarek
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Safety and metabolic characteristics of 17 Enterococcus faecium isolates. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5683-5694. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Oruc O, Ceti̇n O, Onal Darilmaz D, Yüsekdag ZN. Determination of the biosafety of potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from traditional white cheeses. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee SH, Noh GM, Lee SJ. Analysis of Genetic Mutations in Quinolone Resistance and Virulence Factor Gene Profile of Enterococcus faecalis. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2021.62.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zheng J, Wu Y, Lin Z, Wang G, Jiang S, Sun X, Tu H, Yu Z, Qu D. ClpP participates in stress tolerance, biofilm formation, antimicrobial tolerance, and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:30. [PMID: 32033530 PMCID: PMC7006429 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-1719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ClpP is important for bacterial growth and plays an indispensable role in cellular protein quality control systems by refolding or degrading damaged proteins, but the physiological significance of ClpP in Enterococcus faecalis remains obscure. A clpP deletion mutant (△clpP) was constructed using the E. faecalis OG1RF strain to clarify the effect of ClpP on E. faecalis. The global abundance of proteins was determined by a mass spectrometer with tandem mass tag labeling. Results The ΔclpP mutant strain showed impaired growth at 20 °C or 45 °C at 5% NaCl or 2 mM H2O2. The number of surviving ΔclpP mutants decreased after exposure to the high concentration (50× minimal inhibitory concentration) of linezolid or minocycline for 96 h. The ΔclpP mutant strain also demonstrated decreased biofilm formation but increased virulence in a Galleria mellonella model. The mass spectrometry proteomics data indicated that the abundances of 135 proteins changed (111 increased, 24 decreased) in the ΔclpP mutant strain. Among those, the abundances of stress response or virulence relating proteins: FsrA response regulator, gelatinase GelE, regulatory protein Spx (spxA), heat-inducible transcription repressor HrcA, transcriptional regulator CtsR, ATPase/chaperone ClpC, acetyl esterase/lipase, and chaperonin GroEL increased in the ΔclpP mutant strain; however, the abundances of ribosomal protein L4/L1 family protein (rplD), ribosomal protein L7/L12 (rplL2), 50S ribosomal protein L13 (rplM), L18 (rplR), L20 (rplT), 30S ribosomal protein S14 (rpsN2) and S18 (rpsR) all decreased. The abundances of biofilm formation-related adapter protein MecA increased, while the abundances of dihydroorotase (pyrC), orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (pyrE), and orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase (pyrF) all decreased in the ΔclpP mutant strain. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that ClpP participates in stress tolerance, biofilm formation, antimicrobial tolerance, and virulence of E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sibo Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, 32827, USA
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Haopeng Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Esmail MAM, Abdulghany HM, Khairy RM. Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Hospital-Acquired Surgical Wound Infections and Bacteremia: Concomitant Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019; 12:1178633719882929. [PMID: 31662606 PMCID: PMC6796195 DOI: 10.1177/1178633719882929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Enterococcus
faecalis infections among patients with hospital-acquired
surgical wound sepsis and bacteremia in surgical wards and identify the
antimicrobial susceptibility in these pathogens. Genetic role of
erythromycin, vancomycin, and cephalosporin resistance in these pathogens
was also examined. Methods: Two hundred samples were collected from surgical wound infections and 100
blood cultures from patients with suggested bacteremia to identify E
faecalis by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antimicrobial
susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was tested. The presence of
resistance genes was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: E faecalis was isolated with a frequency of 24/200 (12%)
from surgical wound samples and 2/100 (2%) from blood cultures. All isolates
were completely resistant to cefepime, ampicillin, and tetracycline, 96% of
isolates were resistant to erythromycin, 53.8% to vancomycin, and 23.1% to
linezolid. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 100% of isolates.
ere(B) and erm(B) genes were present
in 20/25 (80%) and 17/25 (68%) of erythromycin-resistant isolates,
respectively, 15 (60%) isolates carry both ere(B) and
erm(B) genes. Van A gene was detected
in 71.4% of vancomycin-resistant isolates. All isolates were negative for
mef(A/E), blaSHV, and blaTEM
genes. Conclusion: MDR in all isolates (100%) and high-level resistance to gentamicin,
erythromycin, and vancomycin were reported in E Faecalis
isolates. In the studied isolates, erythromycin resistance mainly related to
the presence of ere(B) and erm(B) genes
and vancomycin resistance was mainly related to the presence of
vanA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdel Monem Esmail
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hend M Abdulghany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Rasha Mm Khairy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Maliszewska I, Wróbel J, Wanarska E, Podhorodecki A, Matczyszyn K. Synergistic effect of methylene blue and biogenic gold nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:218-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Taji A, Heidari H, Ebrahim-Saraie HS, Sarvari J, Motamedifar M. High prevalence of vancomycin and high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolates. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2019; 66:203-217. [PMID: 30465449 DOI: 10.1556/030.65.2018.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple drug-resistant enterococci are major cause of healthcare-associated infections due to their antibiotic resistance traits. Among them, Enterococcus faecalis is an important opportunistic pathogen causing various hospital-acquired infections. A total of 53 E. faecalis isolates were obtained from various infections. They were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns was done according to CLSI guidelines. The isolates that were non-susceptible to at least one agent in ≥3 antimicrobial categories were defined as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes was performed using standard procedures. According to MDR definition, all of the isolates were MDR (100%). High-level gentamicin resistance was observed among 50.9% of them (MIC ≥ 500 μg/ml). The distributions of aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia and aph(3')-IIIa genes were 47.2% and 69.8%, respectively. The aph(2'')-Ib, aph(2'')-Ic, aph(2'')-Id, and ant(4')-Ia genes were not detected. Vancomycin resistance was found in 45.3% of strains. The vanA gene was detected in 37.7% of isolates, whereas vanB and vanC1 genes were not observed in any strain. Erythromycin resistance rate was 79.2% and the frequencies of ermB and ermC genes were 88.6% and 69.8%, respectively. The ermA and msrA genes were not present in any of the isolates. Our data indicate a high rate of MDR E. faecalis strains. All of high-level gentamicin-resistant isolates carried at least one of aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia or aph(3')-IIIa genes. Distribution of vanA was notable among the isolates. In addition, ermB and ermC were accountable for resistance to erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Taji
- 1 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidari
- 1 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie
- 1 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- 1 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- 1 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- 2 Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zalipour M, Esfahani BN, Havaei SA. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of glycopeptide, aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance among clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis: a multicenter based study. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:292. [PMID: 31133071 PMCID: PMC6537152 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Enterococcus faecalis as part of the normal floras of human gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts are an important cause of nosocomial infections. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness of clinical isolates of E. faecalis among Iranian hospitalized patients. Results Antibiotic susceptibility testing results indicated that 53 (22.8%) out of 232 E. faecalis isolates were vancomycin resistant (MIC ≥ 256 μg/ml). All of the 53 vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis isolates carried the vanA and ermB genes; whereas aac (6′)-Ie aph (2″), msrA, and ermA gene were found in 96.2%, 30.2% and 3.8% of vancomycin-resistant isolates, respectively. ERIC-PCR typing revealed that 53 vancomycin-resistant isolates were classified into 14 ERIC types. In our results, the high level of resistance to gentamicin, erythromycin and vancomycin in enterococci isolates were mainly related to the presence of aac (6′)-Ie aph (2″), ermB and vanA genes, respectively. Meanwhile, ERIC-PCR analysis demonstrated that most of the evaluated isolates have a close genetic relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Zalipour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib St, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Nasr Esfahani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asghar Havaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib St, Isfahan, Iran. .,Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Rajivgandhi G, Maruthupandy M, Manoharan N. Detection of TEM and CTX-M genes from ciprofloxacin resistant Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli isolated on urinary tract infections (UTIs). Microb Pathog 2018; 121:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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