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Néron B, Littner E, Haudiquet M, Perrin A, Cury J, Rocha EPC. IntegronFinder 2.0: Identification and Analysis of Integrons across Bacteria, with a Focus on Antibiotic Resistance in Klebsiella. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040700. [PMID: 35456751 PMCID: PMC9024848 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrons are flexible gene-exchanging platforms that contain multiple cassettes encoding accessory genes whose order is shuffled by a specific integrase. Integrons embedded within mobile genetic elements often contain multiple antibiotic resistance genes that they spread among nosocomial pathogens and contribute to the current antibiotic resistance crisis. However, most integrons are presumably sedentary and encode a much broader diversity of functions. IntegronFinder is a widely used software to identify novel integrons in bacterial genomes, but has aged and lacks some useful functionalities to handle very large datasets of draft genomes or metagenomes. Here, we present IntegronFinder version 2. We have updated the code, improved its efficiency and usability, adapted the output to incomplete genome data, and added a few novel functions. We describe these changes and illustrate the relevance of the program by analyzing the distribution of integrons across more than 20,000 fully sequenced genomes. We also take full advantage of its novel capabilities to analyze close to 4000 Klebsiella pneumoniae genomes for the presence of integrons and antibiotic resistance genes within them. Our data show that K. pneumoniae has a large diversity of integrons and the largest mobile integron in our database of plasmids. The pangenome of these integrons contains a total of 165 different gene families with most of the largest families being related with resistance to numerous types of antibiotics. IntegronFinder is a free and open-source software available on multiple public platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Néron
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (B.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Eloi Littner
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, 75015 Paris, France; (E.L.); (M.H.)
- DGA CBRN Defence, 91710 Vert-le-Petit, France
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Haudiquet
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, 75015 Paris, France; (E.L.); (M.H.)
- Ecole Doctorale FIRE–Programme Bettencourt, CRI, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Amandine Perrin
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (B.N.); (A.P.)
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, 75015 Paris, France; (E.L.); (M.H.)
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean Cury
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, 75015 Paris, France; (E.L.); (M.H.)
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9015, INRIA, 91400 Orsay, France
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (E.P.C.R.)
| | - Eduardo P. C. Rocha
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, 75015 Paris, France; (E.L.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (E.P.C.R.)
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Yernale N, Matada B, Vibhutimath G, Biradar V, Karekal M, Udayagiri M, Hire Mathada M. Indole core-based Copper(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) complexes: Synthesis, spectral and biological study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Suigo L, Chojnacki M, Zanotto C, Sebastián-Pérez V, Morghen CDG, Casiraghi A, Dunman PM, Valoti E, Straniero V. Staphylococcus aureus RnpA Inhibitors: Computational-Guided Design, Synthesis and Initial Biological Evaluation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040438. [PMID: 33920000 PMCID: PMC8071009 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is spreading worldwide and it has become one of the most important issues in modern medicine. In this context, the bacterial RNA degradation and processing machinery are essential processes for bacterial viability that may be exploited for antimicrobial therapy. In Staphylococcus aureus, RnpA has been hypothesized to be one of the main players in these mechanisms. S. aureus RnpA is able to modulate mRNA degradation and complex with a ribozyme (rnpB), facilitating ptRNA maturation. Corresponding small molecule screening campaigns have recently identified a few classes of RnpA inhibitors, and their structure activity relationship (SAR) has only been partially explored. Accordingly, in the present work, using computational modeling of S. aureus RnpA we identified putative crucial interactions of known RnpA inhibitors, and we used this information to design, synthesize, and biologically assess new potential RnpA inhibitors. The present results may be beneficial for the overall knowledge about RnpA inhibitors belonging to both RNPA2000-like thiosemicarbazides and JC-like piperidine carboxamides molecular classes. We evaluated the importance of the different key moieties, such as the dichlorophenyl and the piperidine of JC2, and the semithiocarbazide, the furan, and the i-propylphenyl ring of RNPA2000. Our efforts could provide a foundation for further computational-guided investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Suigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Michaelle Chojnacki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.C.); (P.M.D.)
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | | | - Carlo De Giuli Morghen
- Department of Chemical—Pharmaceutical and Biomolecular Technologies, Catholic University “Our Lady of Good Counsel”, Rr. Dritan Hoxha, 1025 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Andrea Casiraghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Paul M. Dunman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.C.); (P.M.D.)
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250319361
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Li Z, Shi C, Gao S, Zhang X, Lu D, Liu G. Characteristic and role of chromosomal type II toxin-antitoxin systems locus in Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212. J Microbiol 2020; 58:1027-1036. [PMID: 33095389 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is currently one of the major pathogens of nosocomial infections. The lifestyle of E. faecalis relies primarily on its remarkable capacity to face and survive in harsh environmental conditions. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have been linked to the growth control of bacteria in response to adverse environments but have rarely been reported in Enterococcus. Three functional type II TA systems were identified among the 10 putative TA systems encoded by E. faecalis ATCC29212. These toxin genes have conserved domains homologous to MazF (DR75_1948) and ImmA/IrrE family metallo-endopeptidases (DR75_1673 and DR75_2160). Overexpression of toxin genes could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. However, the toxin DR75_1673 could not inhibit bacterial growth, and the bacteriostatic effect occurred only when it was coexpressed with the antitoxin DR75_1672. DR75_1948-DR75_1949 and DR75_160-DR75_2161 could maintain the stable inheritance of the unstable plasmid pLMO12102 in E. coli. Moreover, the transcription levels of these TAs showed significant differences when cultivated under normal conditions and with different temperatures, antibiotics, anaerobic agents and H2O2. When DR75_2161 was knocked out, the growth of the mutant strain at high temperature and oxidative stress was limited. The experimental characterization of these TAs loci might be helpful to investigate the key roles of type II TA systems in the physiology and environmental stress responses of Enterococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, P. R. China
| | - Shanjun Gao
- Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China
| | - Xiulei Zhang
- Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China
| | - Di Lu
- Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China
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Reddy GM, Kumari AK, Reddy VH, Garcia JR. Novel pyranopyrazole derivatives comprising a benzoxazole core as antimicrobial inhibitors: Design, synthesis, microbial resistance and machine aided results. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103908. [PMID: 32413632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
From a medical point of view lot of existing antibiotics became unusable because microbial gained strong antibiotic resistance. The combination of two compounds in one core may lead to kill such type of pathogens. Herein, we developed pyranopyrazole derivatives comprising benzoxazole moiety by green approach strategy and studied their antimicrobial performance on four bacteria and two fungi. As a result, most of the compounds delivered reliable toxicity to kill the pathogens. In those,6aexhibited considerable activity against the microbial pathogens. Moreover,compounds 6d, 6l,and6nshowed prominent antibacterial activity. In addition, molecular docking studies of docked compounds revealed the strong bonding interaction with DNA-Gyrase and were docked into the intercalation location of DNA of the DNA-gyrase complex. The molecule bounded to the DNA stabilized by the H bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π interaction. In addition, the linked 5-chlorobenazoxazole structure stabilized by the DT-8 and DG2009 of the F chain with pi-pi interactions. From the computer-aided results, it was observed that compound6a demonstrated maximum docking score -10.0 kcal/mole towards DNA-gyrase. Overall, this investigation suggested that these biologically active compounds can be utilized as leads for preclinical studies with the goal of developing newer antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guda Mallikarjuna Reddy
- Ural Federal University, Chemical Engineering Institute, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil
| | - Avula Krishna Kumari
- Natural Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka 500007, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vemulapati Hanuman Reddy
- Natural Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka 500007, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jarem Raul Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil.
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Straniero V, Sebastián-Pérez V, Hrast M, Zanotto C, Casiraghi A, Suigo L, Zdovc I, Radaelli A, De Giuli Morghen C, Valoti E. Benzodioxane-Benzamides as Antibacterial Agents: Computational and SAR Studies to Evaluate the Influence of the 7-Substitution in FtsZ Interaction. ChemMedChem 2019; 15:195-209. [PMID: 31750973 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
FtsZ is a crucial prokaryotic protein involved in bacterial cell replication. It recently arose as a promising target in the search for antimicrobial agents able to fight antimicrobial resistance. In this work, going on with our structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, we developed variously 7-substituted 1,4-benzodioxane compounds, linked to the 2,6-difluorobenzamide by a methylenoxy bridge. Compounds exhibit promising antibacterial activities not only against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but also on mutated Escherichia coli strains, thus enlarging their spectrum of action toward Gram-negative bacteria as well. Computational studies elucidated, through a validated FtsZ binding protocol, the structural features of new promising derivatives as FtsZ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Martina Hrast
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Casiraghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Suigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Irena Zdovc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ermanno Valoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Yuan W, Yu Z, Song W, Li Y, Fang Z, Zhu B, Li X, Wang H, Hong W, Sun N. Indole-core-based novel antibacterial agent targeting FtsZ. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2283-2296. [PMID: 31413605 PMCID: PMC6662167 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s208757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial infections urges the development of new antibacterial agents that possess a mechanism of action different from traditional antibiotics. FtsZ has been recognized as a key functional protein in bacterial cell division and it is currently believed to be a potential target for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Purpose The primary aim of the study is to screen out an inhibitor targeting at FtsZ and followed to investigate its antibacterial activity and mode of action. Methods Cell-based cell division inhibitory screening assay, antimicrobial susceptibility test, minimum bactericidal concentration assay, time-killing curve determination, FtsZ polymerization assay, GTPase activity assay, and molecular modeling were performed in the present study. Results The screening study from a small library consisting of benzimidazole and indole derivatives discovered a compound (CZ74) with an indole-core structure. The compound exhibited strong cell division inhibitory effect. In addition, CZ74 shows high antibacterial potency against a number of tested Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. The minimum inhibitory concentration values obtained were within the range of 2–4 µg/mL. The results of biological study revealed that CZ74 at 2 µg/mL is able to disrupt FtsZ polymerization and inhibit GTPase activity and cell division. From molecular modeling study, CZ74 is found possibly binding into the interdomain cleft of FtsZ protein and then leads to inhibitory effects. Conclusion This indole-cored molecule CZ74 could be a potential lead compound and could be further developed as a new generation of antibacterial agents targeting FtsZ to combat against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Yuan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510700, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- Division of Laboratory Science, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Song
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510700, People's Republic of China
| | - Baizhen Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510700, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510700, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Fang Z, Zheng S, Chan KF, Yuan W, Guo Q, Wu W, Lui HK, Lu Y, Leung YC, Chan TH, Wong KY, Sun N. Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2,4-disubstituted-6-thiophenyl-pyrimidines. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 161:141-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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Fang Z, Li Y, Zheng Y, Li X, Lu YJ, Yan SC, Wong WL, Chan KF, Wong KY, Sun N. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of a thiophenyl substituted pyrimidine derivative. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10739-10744. [PMID: 35515309 PMCID: PMC9062536 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01001g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The issue of multidrug resistant bacteria is a worldwide health threat. To develop new antibacterial agents with new mechanisms of action is thus an urgent request to address this antibiotic resistance crisis. In the present study, a new thiophenyl-pyrimidine derivative was prepared and utilized as an effective antibacterial agent against Gram-positive strains. In the tests against MRSA and VREs, the compound showed higher antibacterial potency than that of vancomycin and methicillin. The mode of action is probably attributed to the effective inhibition of FtsZ polymerization, GTPase activity, and bacterial cell division, which cause bactericidal effects. The compound could be a potential candidate for further development as an effective antibiotic to combat drug-resistant bacteria. F20 exhibits strong antibacterial activity through interacting with FtsZ.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510700
- P. R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Pharmacy
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Zhuhai
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510700
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Siu-Cheong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Kin-Fai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Kwok-yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Sun
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou 510700
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
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Peterson E, Kaur P. Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria: Relationships Between Resistance Determinants of Antibiotic Producers, Environmental Bacteria, and Clinical Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2928. [PMID: 30555448 PMCID: PMC6283892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a serious public health challenge worldwide. However, antibiotic resistance genes are not confined to the clinic; instead they are widely prevalent in different bacterial populations in the environment. Therefore, to understand development of antibiotic resistance in pathogens, we need to consider important reservoirs of resistance genes, which may include determinants that confer self-resistance in antibiotic producing soil bacteria and genes encoding intrinsic resistance mechanisms present in all or most non-producer environmental bacteria. While the presence of resistance determinants in soil and environmental bacteria does not pose a threat to human health, their mobilization to new hosts and their expression under different contexts, for example their transfer to plasmids and integrons in pathogenic bacteria, can translate into a problem of huge proportions, as discussed in this review. Selective pressure brought about by human activities further results in enrichment of such determinants in bacterial populations. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand distribution of resistance determinants in bacterial populations, elucidate resistance mechanisms, and determine environmental factors that promote their dissemination. This comprehensive review describes the major known self-resistance mechanisms found in producer soil bacteria of the genus Streptomyces and explores the relationships between resistance determinants found in producer soil bacteria, non-producer environmental bacteria, and clinical isolates. Specific examples highlighting potential pathways by which pathogenic clinical isolates might acquire these resistance determinants from soil and environmental bacteria are also discussed. Overall, this article provides a conceptual framework for understanding the complexity of the problem of emergence of antibiotic resistance in the clinic. Availability of such knowledge will allow researchers to build models for dissemination of resistance genes and for developing interventions to prevent recruitment of additional or novel genes into pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Peterson
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Parjit Kaur
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Rui Y, Lu W, Li S, Cheng C, Sun J, Yang Q. Integrons and insertion sequence common region 1 (ISCR1) of carbapenem-non-susceptible Gram-negative bacilli in fecal specimens from 5000 patients in southern China. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:571-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Peterson E, Kaur P. Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria: Relationships Between Resistance Determinants of Antibiotic Producers, Environmental Bacteria, and Clinical Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2928. [PMID: 30555448 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02928/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a serious public health challenge worldwide. However, antibiotic resistance genes are not confined to the clinic; instead they are widely prevalent in different bacterial populations in the environment. Therefore, to understand development of antibiotic resistance in pathogens, we need to consider important reservoirs of resistance genes, which may include determinants that confer self-resistance in antibiotic producing soil bacteria and genes encoding intrinsic resistance mechanisms present in all or most non-producer environmental bacteria. While the presence of resistance determinants in soil and environmental bacteria does not pose a threat to human health, their mobilization to new hosts and their expression under different contexts, for example their transfer to plasmids and integrons in pathogenic bacteria, can translate into a problem of huge proportions, as discussed in this review. Selective pressure brought about by human activities further results in enrichment of such determinants in bacterial populations. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand distribution of resistance determinants in bacterial populations, elucidate resistance mechanisms, and determine environmental factors that promote their dissemination. This comprehensive review describes the major known self-resistance mechanisms found in producer soil bacteria of the genus Streptomyces and explores the relationships between resistance determinants found in producer soil bacteria, non-producer environmental bacteria, and clinical isolates. Specific examples highlighting potential pathways by which pathogenic clinical isolates might acquire these resistance determinants from soil and environmental bacteria are also discussed. Overall, this article provides a conceptual framework for understanding the complexity of the problem of emergence of antibiotic resistance in the clinic. Availability of such knowledge will allow researchers to build models for dissemination of resistance genes and for developing interventions to prevent recruitment of additional or novel genes into pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Peterson
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Parjit Kaur
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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