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Singh H, Jadhav S, Arif Khan A, Aggarwal SK, Choudhari R, Verma S, Aggarwal S, Gupta V, Singh A, Nain S, Maan HS. APOBEC3, TRIM5α, and BST2 polymorphisms in healthy individuals of various populations with special references to its impact on HIV transmission. Microb Pathog 2022; 162:105326. [PMID: 34863878 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIDS restriction genes (ARGs) like APOBEC3, TRIM5α, and BST2 can act as immunological detectors of the innate protective mechanism of the body. ARGs influence the course of viral pathogenesis and progression of the disease. The infection caused by different viruses including HIV activates the innate immune receptors leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines, interferons and signals that recruit and activate cells involved in the process of inflammation following induction of adaptive immunity. Differential expression of genes involved in viral infection decide the fate and subsequent susceptibility to infection and its clinical outcome. Nevertheless, comprehensive reports on the incidence of genetic polymorphism of APOBEC3s, TRIM5α, and BST-2 in the general population and its association with pathological conditions have not been described well. Therefore, the occurrence of APOBEC3, TRIM5α, and BST2 polymorphism in healthy individuals and its impact on HIV transmission was analyzed. We conducted an extensive search using the several databases including, EMBASE, PubMed (Medline), and Google Scholar. APOBEC3-D, -F, -G, and -H out of the seven human APOBEC3s, help in the control of viral infection. Amongst various restriction factors, TRIM5α and BST-2 also restrict the viral infection followed by the development of the disease. In the current review, a brief account of the polymorphism in the APOBEC3G, TRIM5α, and BST2 genes are explored among different populations along with the interaction of APOBEC3G with Vif protein. Furthermore, this review specifically focus on ARGs polymorphism (APOBEC3G, TRIM5α, and BST2) associated with HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- HariOm Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
| | - Sushama Jadhav
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Shubham K Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Ranjana Choudhari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Sheetal Verma
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Sumit Aggarwal
- Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Amita Singh
- District Women Hospital, Prayagraj, UP, 211003, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali Newai, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harjeet Singh Maan
- State Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, 462001, India
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Sadeghpour S, Khodaee S, Rahnama M, Rahimi H, Ebrahimi D. Human APOBEC3 Variations and Viral Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:1366. [PMID: 34372572 PMCID: PMC8310219 DOI: 10.3390/v13071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3) enzymes are capable of inhibiting a wide range of endogenous and exogenous viruses using deaminase and deaminase-independent mechanisms. These enzymes are essential components of our innate immune system, as evidenced by (a) their strong positive selection and expansion in primates, (b) the evolution of viral counter-defense mechanisms, such as proteasomal degradation mediated by HIV Vif, and (c) hypermutation and inactivation of a large number of integrated HIV-1 proviruses. Numerous APOBEC3 single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, and splice variants have been identified in humans. Several of these variants have been reported to be associated with differential antiviral immunity. This review focuses on the current knowledge in the field about these natural variations and their roles in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Sadeghpour
- Department of Biological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Saeideh Khodaee
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran;
| | - Mostafa Rahnama
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Diako Ebrahimi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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Sui S, Chen H, Han L, Wang L, Niyazi M, Zhu K. Correlation of APOBEC3G Polymorphism with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Persistent Infection and Progression of Cervical Lesions. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6990-6997. [PMID: 31527570 PMCID: PMC6761851 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the effect of APOBEC3G on persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the correlation between APOBEC3G polymorphism and HPV persistent infection and cervical disease progression in Uygur women in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2015 to December 2017, we enrolled 529 Uygur ethnic group patients with HPV infection. SIHA cells were transfected with APOBEC3G. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein expression levels of APOBEC3G and HPV E6 and p53. Exon 3 of APOBEC3G was sequenced by first-generation sequencing. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression levels of APOBEC3G in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) group (p<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of APOBEC3G in the CIN group were significantly higher than in the non-cervical lesions group (p<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of HPV E6 in SIHA cells transfected with APOBEC3G were significantly lower than in the control group and the no-load group (p<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 were significantly higher than in the control group and the no-load group (p<0.05). There was a polymorphic locus rs5757465 on exon 3 of APOBEC3G in Uygur women, and this rare CC type was a risk factor for cervical lesions and cervical cancer (OR=3.714, 95%CI: 1.916-7.202, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS APOBEC3G is involved in continuous HPV infection, cervical prelesions, and the development of cervical cancer, and the rare genotype (CC) of APOBEC3G may be one of the factors causing cervical lesions in Uygur women who have HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Mayineur Niyazi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Kaichun Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
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