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Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance, Toxin-Typing and Genotyping of Clostridium perfringens in Raw Beef Meats Obtained from Qazvin City, Iran. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030340. [PMID: 35326802 PMCID: PMC8944464 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clostridium perfringens is one of the highest prevailing spore-forming foodborne pathogens, which is widely distributed and causes severe disease and outbreaks in humans and animals. Raw meat and poultry are the main vehicles of this pathogen. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, toxin-encoding genes and genetic diversity of C. perfringens isolates from raw whole and minced meat samples purchased from local markets in Qazvin city, Iran (the source of beef cattle production was also located in Qazvin city, Iran). Methods: We used conventional culture-based and Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion and conventional and arbitrary primer PCR methods. Results: A total of 18 C. perfringens strains were isolated from 133 raw meat samples (13.53%). Up to 44.4 and 55.5% of these isolates were detected in raw minced and whole meat samples, respectively. We found that 72.2, 66.6, 61.1, 37.8 and 33.3% of the C. perfringens isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol antibiotics, respectively. Multidrug resistance was found in 38% of the isolates. Among the four main toxin genes evaluated, the Cpa gene was detected in all isolates, and 61.1% of the isolates were mostly recognized as type A C. perfringens. High levels of genetic diversity were observed among the isolates, and they were classified into five distinct groups. Conclusions: The isolates from whole meat samples were more resistant to antibiotics. However, toxin genes were more detected in the isolates from minced meat samples. Our findings suggest that contamination of raw meat products with multidrug resistant C. perfringens could be regarded as one of the concerning pathogens in these products. Comprehensive monitoring of C. perfringens isolates is strongly recommended.
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Zhong H, Deng H, Li M, Zhong H. Bioprocessing and integration of a high flux screening systematic platform based on isothermal amplification for the detection on 8 common pathogens. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:977-984. [PMID: 32862325 PMCID: PMC8096746 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During a large variety of common pathogens, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, MRSA, MRCNS, V. parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella are the leading pathogens responsible for large number of human infections and diseases. In this study, a high flux screening based on nucleic acid isothermal amplification technique has been developed. For the 8 common pathogens, species-specific targets had been selected and analyzed for their unique specificity. After optimization, separate LAMP reaction assays had been bioprocessed and integrated into one systematic detection platform, including 8 strips (PCR tubes) and 96-well plates. Eight standard strains verified for the accuracy. Application of the established high flux screening platform was used for detection for 48 samples in 4 different 96-well plates, with 2 groups of 2 operators using double-blind procedure. The accuracy of 100% was obtained, with the total time consumption as 66-75 min (for 12 samples detection on 8 different pathogens). As concluded, through the bioprocess of the systematic platform based on LAMP technique, it's been demonstrated to be capable of simultaneous detection of 8 pathogens, with high sensitivity, specificity, rapidity and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongwei Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Ocular Trauma Treatment and Stem Cell Differentiation Public Service Platform of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Ming Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Ocular Trauma Treatment and Stem Cell Differentiation Public Service Platform of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Huahong Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Ocular Trauma Treatment and Stem Cell Differentiation Public Service Platform of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, 518040, China.
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3
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Li Y, Qiu Y, Ye C, Chen L, Liang Y, Huang TY, Zhang L, Liu J. "One-step" characterization platform for pathogenic genetics of Staphylococcus aureus. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:985-994. [PMID: 33112989 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important human pathogen causing a variety of life-threatening diseases. In recent years, the health problem caused by S. aureus contaminated food has become a global health problem. S. aureus can express various pathogenic factors, mainly used for adhesion, colonization, invasion and infection of the host. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of virulence genes in S. aureus is necessary to prevent outbreaks caused by this pathogen. PCR is a useful tool for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of major toxin genes in S. aureus, including sea, seb, sec, see, pvl and tsst, by using a PCR plate. Of the 13 strains tested, 12 (92.3%) were found to be positive for one or more toxin genes. This study realized the one-step detection of main toxin factors in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yisen Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Congxiu Ye
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Guangdong Zhongqing Font Biochemical Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Maoming, 525427, Guangdong, China
| | - Teng-Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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4
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Guan Y, Wang K, Zeng Y, Ye Y, Chen L, Huang T. Development of a Direct and Rapid Detection Method for Viable but Non-culturable State of Pediococcus acidilactici. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:687691. [PMID: 34276618 PMCID: PMC8283312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.687691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediococcus acidilactici may significantly reduce the pH-value, and thus has different influence, including serving as a probiotic in human microbiota but a spoilage in human food as it could change the flavor. Pediococcus acidilactici is also capable of entering into the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state causing false negative results of standard culture-based detection method. Thus, development of detection method for VBNC state P. acidilactici is of great significance. In this study, propidium monoazide (PMA) combined with cross priming amplification (CPA) was developed to detect the VBNC cells of P. acidilactici and applied on the detection in different systems. With detection limit of 104 cells/ml, high sensitivity, and 100% specificity, PMA-CPA can successfully detect VBNC cells of P. acidilactici and be applied in with high robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guan
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Guan
| | - Kan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanrui Ye
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengyi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Tengyi Huang
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5
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Ou A, Wang K, Ye Y, Chen L, Gong X, Qian L, Liu J. Direct Detection of Viable but Non-culturable (VBNC) Salmonella in Real Food System by a Rapid and Accurate PMA-CPA Technique. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634555. [PMID: 33679667 PMCID: PMC7930388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a typical foodborne pathogen with multiple toxic effects, including invasiveness, endotoxins, and enterotoxins. Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) is a type of dormant form preserving the vitality of microorganisms, but it cannot be cultured by traditional laboratory techniques. The aim of this study is to develop a propidium monoazide-crossing priming amplification (PMA-CPA) method that can successfully detect S. enterica rapidly with high sensitivity and can identify VBNC cells in food samples. Five primers (4s, 5a, 2a/1s, 2a, and 3a) were specially designed for recognizing the specific invA gene. The specificity of the CPA assay was tested by 20 different bacterial strains, including 2 standard S. enterica and 18 non-S. enterica bacteria strains covering Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates. Except for the two standard S. enterica ATCC14028 and ATCC29629, all strains showed negative results. Moreover, PMA-CPA can detect the VBNC cells both in pure culture and three types of food samples with significant color change. In conclusion, the PMA-CPA assay was successfully applied on detecting S. enterica in VBNC state from food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Ou
- Department of Food, Guangzhou City Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanrui Ye
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Lu Qian,
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Junyan Liu,
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Li Y, Huang TY, Mao Y, Chen Y, Shi F, Peng R, Chen J, Yuan L, Bai C, Chen L, Wang K, Liu J. Study on the Viable but Non-culturable (VBNC) State Formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Control in Food System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:599739. [PMID: 33324380 PMCID: PMC7726111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.599739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is a bacterial survival strategy under reverse conditions. It poses a significant challenge for public health and food safety. In this study, the effect of external environmental conditions including acid, nutrition, and salt concentrations on the formation of S. aureus VBNC states at low temperatures were investigated. Different acidity and nutritional conditions were then applied to food products to control the VBNC state formation. Four different concentration levels of each factor (acid, nutrition, and salt) were selected in a total of 16 experimental groups. Nutrition showed the highest influence on the VBNC state formation S. aureus, followed by acid and salt. The addition of 1% acetic acid could directly kill S. aureus cells and inhibit the formation of the VBNC state with a nutrition concentration of 25, 50, and 100%. A propidium monoazide-polymerase chain reaction (PMA-PCR) assay was applied and considered as a rapid and sensitive method to detect S. aureus in VBNC state with the detection limit of 104 CFU/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuzhu Mao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxuan Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Caiying Bai
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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7
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Chen DQ, Huang T, Wang Q, Bai C, Yang L. Analysis on the virulomes and resistomes of multi-drug resistance clinical Escherichia coli isolates, as well as the interactome with gut microbiome. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104423. [PMID: 32768515 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most diverse microbial species. Pathogenic E. coli is capable of causing various diseases in humans, including several types of diarrhea, urinary tract infections, sepsis, and meningitis. This study focused on the antibiotic susceptibility profile and genomic analysis of a clinical E. coli Guangzhou-Eco330 isolated from a hospitalized 8-year-old female patient suffered from pulmonary infection in 2017. Susceptibility to 15 antibiotics were determined using Vitek2™ Automated Susceptibility System and Etest strips and interpreted based on CLSI guidelines. The genome was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform and assembled de novo using Velvet, followed by bioinformatics analysis. The genome has a length of 5,132,642 bp and contains 4989 predicted genes with an average GC content of 50.51%. The carriage of rfbE gene suggested the strain belonging to O157. In the genome, 70 non-coding RNAs, 50 repeat sequences, 18 transposons, 78 GIs, 9 CRISPRs, and 3 large prophages were identified. 37 PHI related genes and 108 virulence genes were determined to contribute to its pathogenicity. Specifically, the acquisition of multiple antibiotic resistance genes including blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-10, blaCMY-48, tetB, and qnrS1 contributed to its resistance to penicillins, telracyclines, cephalosporin, and quinolones. The understanding of the genome may aid in further study on the clinical control of multi-drug resistance E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Qiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tengyi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Caiying Bai
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Fu J, Wang K, Ye C, Chen L, Liang Y, Mao Y, Chen J, Peng R, Chen Y, Shi F, Huang TY, Liu J. Study on the virulome and resistome of a vancomycin intermediate-resistance Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2020; 145:104187. [PMID: 32275941 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been considered a potential "Super Bugs", responsible for various infectious diseases. Vancomycin has been the most effective antibitic to treat MRSA originated infections. In this study, we aimed at investigating the genomic features of a vancomycin intermediate-resistance S. aureus strain Guangzhou-SauVS2 isolated from a female patient suffering from chronic renal function failure, emphasizing on its antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants. The genome has a total length of 2,605,384 bp and the G+C content of 33.21%, with 2,239 predicted genes annotated with GO terms, COG categories, and KEGG pathways. Besides the carriage of vancomycin b-type resistance protein responsible for the vancomycin intermediate-resistance, S. aureus strain Guangzhou-SauVS2 showed resistance to β-lactams, quinolones, macrolide, and tetracycline, due to the acquisition of corresponding antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, virulence factors including adherence, antiphagocytosis, iron uptake, and toxin were determined, indicating the pathogenesis of the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Congxiu Ye
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Guangdong Zhongqing Font Biochemical Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Maoming, Guangdong, 525427, China
| | - Yuzhu Mao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jinxuan Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ruixin Peng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanni Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fan Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Teng-Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Li Y, Qiu Y, Ye C, Chen L, Liang Y, Liu G, Liu J. High-flux simultaneous screening of common foodborne pathogens and their virulent factors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:693-700. [PMID: 31863186 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection techniques for foodborne pathogens are important to the food industry. However, traditional detection methods rely on bacterial culture in combination with biochemical tests, a process that typically takes 4-7 days to complete. In this study, we described a high-flux polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for simultaneous detection of nine targeted genes (rfbE, stx1, stx2, invA, oprI, tlh, trh, tdh, and hlyA) with multiplex strains. The designed primers were highly specific for their respective target gene fragments. As the selected primers follow the principles of similar melting and annealing temperature, all the targeted genes could be detected for one strain with the same PCR program. Combining with 96-well PCR plate, by adding a single different gene to each well in each row, both the ATCC strains (E. coli, Salmonella spp., V. parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus) and the clinical strains (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus) were simultaneously detected to carry their specific and virulence genes. Therefore, using 96-well PCR plate for PCR amplification might be applied to high-flux sequencing of specific and virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yisen Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Congxiu Ye
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Guangdong Zhongqing Font Biochemical Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Maoming, 525427, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Guangzhou KEO Biotechnology Co. LTD, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Zheng Y, Yu J, Liang C, Li S, Wen X, Li Y. Characterization on gut microbiome of PCOS rats and its further design by shifts in high-fat diet and dihydrotestosterone induction in PCOS rats. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:953-964. [PMID: 32157446 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with gut microbiota disturbance. Emerging evidence has shown that gut microbiota plays a major role in the development of PCOS. To better understand how the gut microbiota contributes to the development of PCOS, we investigated the influences of high-fat diet and hyperandrogenism, independently or synergistically, have on the gut microbiota in rats. Furthermore, we explored the associations between gut microbiota and hyperandrogenism or other hallmarks of PCOS. Twenty female SD rats were randomized at aged 3 weeks into 4 groups (n = 5, each); HA: PCOS rats fed with ordinary diet; HF: rats with high-fat diet (HFD); HA-HF: PCOS rats fed with HFD; and C: control rats with ordinary diet. PCOS rat model was induced by 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) injection for 6 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma insulin, testosterone, free testosterone, TNF-α, MDA, SOD, LPS, TLR4, TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels were measured. The molecular ecology of the fecal gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that rats in the HA and HA-HF group displayed abnormal estrous cycles with increasing androgen level and exhibited multiple large cysts with diminished granulosa layers in ovarian tissues. Compare with the C group, relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum decreased significantly in the other groups (P < 0.05). The Chao1 was the highest in the group C and significantly higher than the HA-HF group (P < 0.05). T, FT, insulin, MDA, LPS, and TNF-α levels had the negative correlation with the richness of community (Chao1 index) in the gut. The rats in the HF and HA-HF groups tended to have lower Shannon and Simpson indices than the C group (P < 0.01, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between C group and the HA group in the Shannon and Simpson values. Beta diversity analysis was then performed based on a weighted UniFrac analysis. The PCoA plots showed a clear separation of the C group from the other groups. ANOSIM analysis of variance confirmed that there were statistically significant separations between the C group and the HA, HA-HF, and HF groups (P < 0.01, respectively). These results showed that DHT with HFD could lower diversity of the gut microbial community. Both HFD and DHT could shift the overall gut microbial composition and change the composition of the microbial community in gut. Furthermore, our analyses demonstrated that the levels of TG, MDA, TNF-α, LPS, TLR4, T, FT, FINS, and HDL-C were correlated with the changes of in the gut microbiome. HFD and DHT were associated with the development and pathology of PCOS by shaping gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwei Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengjie Liang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuna Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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11
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Li Y, Huang TY, Ye C, Chen L, Liang Y, Wang K, Liu J. Formation and Control of the Viable but Non-culturable State of Foodborne Pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1202. [PMID: 32612584 PMCID: PMC7308729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common foodborne pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7 produces toxins causing serious diseases. However, traditional methods failed in detecting E. coli O157:H7 cells in the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, which poses a threat to food safety. This study aimed at investigating the formation, control, and detection of the VBNC state of E. coli O157:H7. Three factors including medium, salt, and acid concentrations were selected as a single variation. Orthogonal experiments were designed with three factors and four levels, and 16 experimental schemes were used. The formation of the VBNC state was examined by agar plate counting and LIVE/DEAD® BacLightTM bacterial viability kit with fluorescence microscopy. According to the effects of environmental conditions on the formation of the VBNC state of E. coli O157:H7, the inhibition on VBNC state formation was investigated. In addition, E. coli in the VBNC state in food samples (crystal cake) was detected by propidium monoazide-polymerase chain reaction (PMA-PCR) assays. Acetic acid concentration showed the most impact on VBNC formation of E. coli O157:H7, followed by medium and salt concentration. The addition of 1.0% acetic acid could directly kill E. coli O157:H7 and eliminate its VBNC formation. In crystal cake, 25, 50, or 100% medium with 1.0% acetic acid could inhibit VBNC state formation and kill E. coli O157:H7 within 3 days. The VBNC cell number was reduced by adding 1.0% acetic acid. PMA-PCR assay could be used to detect E. coli VBNC cells in crystal cake with detection limit at 104 CFU/ml. The understanding on the inducing and inhibitory conditions for the VBNC state of E. coli O157:H7 in a typical food system, as well as the development of an efficient VBNC cell detection method might aid in the control of VBNC E. coli O157:H7 cells in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Congxiu Ye
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Guangdong Zhongqing Font Biochemical Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Maoming, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Junyan Liu,
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Kan Wang,
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Li Y, Huang TY, Mao Y, Chen Y, Shi F, Peng R, Chen J, Bai C, Chen L, Wang K, Liu J. Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Formation of the Viable but Nonculturable State of Pediococcus acidilactici BM-PA17927 and Its Control and Detection in Food System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:586777. [PMID: 33117324 PMCID: PMC7550757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental conditions including nutrient content, acetic acid concentration, salt concentration, and temperature on the formation of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of Pediococcus acidilactici, as well as its control and detection in food system. Methods: Representing various environmental conditions in different food systems, 16 induction groups were designed for the formation of VBNC state of P. acidilactici. Traditional plate counting was applied to measure the culturable cell numbers, and Live/Dead Bacterial Viability Kit combined with fluorescent microscopy was used to identify viable cells numbers. The inhibition of bacterial growth and VBNC state formation by adjusting the environmental conditions were investigated, and the clearance effect of VBNC cells in crystal cake system was studied. In addition, a propidium monoazide-polymerase chain reaction (PMA-PCR) assay was applied to detect the VBNC P. acidilactici cells in crystal cake food system. Results: Among the environmental conditions included in this study, acetic acid concentration had the greatest effect on the formation of VBNC state of P. acidilactici, followed by nutritional conditions and salt concentration. Reducing nutrients in the environment and treating with 1.0% acetic acid can inhibit P. acidilactici from entering the VBNC state. In the crystal cake system, the growth of P. acidilactici and the formation of VBNC state can be inhibited by adding 1.0% acetic acid and storing at -20°C. In crystal cake system, the PMA-PCR assay can be used to detect VBNC P. acidilactici cells at a concentration higher than 104 cells/ml. Conclusion: The VBNC state of P. acidilactici can be influenced by the changing of environmental conditions, and PMA-PCR assay can be applied in food system for the detection of VBNC P. acidilactici cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuzhu Mao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Peng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxuan Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiying Bai
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Kan Wang,
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Junyan Liu,
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Li Y, Huang T, Bai C, Fu J, Chen L, Liang Y, Wang K, Liu J, Gong X, Liu J. Reduction, Prevention, and Control of Salmonella enterica Viable but Non-culturable Cells in Flour Food. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1859. [PMID: 32973696 PMCID: PMC7472744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing and storage conditions of flour food inevitably pose environmental stress, which promote bacteria to enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. The existence of VBNC cells causes false-negative detection in traditional culture-based detection methods, resulting in food quality and safety issues. This study aimed at investigating the influence factors including nutrition, acid, salt, and temperature for the entry into a VBNC state of Salmonella enterica and an efficient detection method. During induction with multi-stress conditions, nutrition starvation antagonizes with low-level acidity. Besides, high-level acidity was considered as an inhibitor for VBNC induction. Four inducers including nutrition starvation, salt stress, low-level acidity, and low temperature were concluded for a VBNC state. In addition, the keynote conditions for S. enterica entering a VBNC state included (i) nutrient-rich acidic environment, (ii) oligotrophic low-acidity environment, and (iii) oligotrophic refrigerated environment. Based on the keynote conditions, the environmental conditions of high acidity (1.0% v/v acetate) with low temperature (-20°C) could successfully eliminate the formation of S. enterica VBNC cells in flour food. In addition, combining with propidium monoazide pretreatment, PCR technology was applied to detect S. enterica VBNC cells. The sensitivity of the PMA-PCR technology was 105 CFU/ml in an artificially simulated food system. The results derived from this study might aid in the detection and control of VBNC state S. enterica in flour food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengyi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Caiying Bai
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Guangdong Zhongqing Font Biochemical Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Maoming, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Gong,
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Junyan Liu,
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Zhang Z, Chen M, Yu Y, Liu B, Liu Y. In Vitro Activity Of Ceftaroline And Comparators Against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: Results From 6 Years Of The ATLAS Program (2012 To 2017). Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3349-3358. [PMID: 31749624 PMCID: PMC6818672 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s226649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ceftaroline is effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but the resistance patterns still need to be defined. This study aimed to investigate the susceptibility of S. aureus to ceftaroline and comparator antimicrobial agents in patients hospitalized due to infection and to observe the patterns among different regions and over the years. Methods The Antimicrobial Testing Leadership And Surveillance (ATLAS) program includes medical centers located in five geographical regions (Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Africa-West Asia, and the United States). The isolates were collected from different specimens from patients hospitalized between 2012 and 2017 due to documented complicated skin and soft tissue infection, complicated intra-abdominal infection, complicated urinary tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, and bloodstream infection. Results During the study period, 61,045 isolates were tested, including 35,837 MRSA isolates (58.7%) and 25,208 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates (41.3%). For MRSA, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)50, MIC90, and MIC range of ceftaroline were 0.5, 2, and 0.015–64 μg/mL. The proportion of susceptible MRSA strains was 89.3%. The proportion of resistant MRSA strains was 0.7%. The susceptibility of all S. aureus, MRSA, and MSSA strains to ceftaroline remained relatively constant from 2012 to 2017. The susceptibility to ceftaroline of S. aureus, MRSA, and MSSA strains from the United States, Europe, South America, and Africa/West Asia was high, while the susceptibility of the strains from Asia-Pacific was lower, especially for MRSA. Conclusion This study reveals the patterns of ceftaroline susceptibility of MRSA and MSSA around the world and over 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- Medical Affairs Department, Pfizer Investment Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Beini Liu
- Medical Affairs Department, Pfizer Investment Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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