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Wei W, Wang G, Zhang H, Bao X, An S, Luo Q, He J, Chen L, Ning C, Lai J, Yuan Z, Chen R, Jiang J, Ye L, Liang H. Talaromyces marneffei suppresses macrophage inflammation by regulating host alternative splicing. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1046. [PMID: 37845378 PMCID: PMC10579421 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) immune escape is essential in the pathogenesis of talaromycosis. It is currently known that T. marneffei achieves immune escape through various strategies. However, the role of cellular alternative splicing (AS) in immune escape remains unclear. Here, we depict the AS landscape in macrophages upon T. marneffei infection via high-throughput RNA sequencing and detect a truncated protein of NCOR2 / SMRT, named NCOR2-013, which is significantly upregulated after T. marneffei infection. Mechanistic analysis indicates that NCOR2-013 forms a co-repression complex with TBL1XR1 / TBLR1 and HDAC3, thereby inhibiting JunB-mediated transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the inhibition of histone acetylation. Furthermore, we identify TUT1 as the AS regulator that regulates NCOR2-013 production and promotes T. marneffei immune evasion. Collectively, these findings indicate that T. marneffei escapes macrophage killing through TUT1-mediated alternative splicing of NCOR2 / SMRT, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of T. marneffei immune evasion and potential targets for talaromycosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudi Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuli Bao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Sanqi An
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinhao He
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhen Lai
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Biobank, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongxiang Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Biobank, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Huang XW, Lu S, Pan W, Zhong MZ, Chai JW, Liu YH, Zeng K, Xi LY. Autophagy benefits the in vitro and in vivo clearance of Talaromyces marneffei. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106146. [PMID: 37150309 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Talaromycosis, namely Talaromyces marneffei infection, is increasing gradually and has a high mortality rate even under antifungal therapy. Although autophagy acts differently on different pathogens, it is a promising therapeutic strategy. However, information on autophagy in macrophages and animals upon infection by T. marneffei is still limited. Therefore, several models were employed here to investigate the role of autophagy in host defense against T. marneffei, including RAW264.7 macrophages as in vitro models, different types of Caenorhabditis elegans and BALB/c mice as in vivo models. We applied the clinical T. marneffei isolate SUMS0152 in this study. T. marneffei-infected macrophages exhibit increased formation of autophagosomes. Further, macrophage autophagy promoted by rapamycin or Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) inhibited the viability of intracellular T. marneffei. In vivo, compared with uninfected Caenorhabditis elegans, the wild-type nematodes upregulated the expression of the autophagy-related gene lgg-1 and atg-18, and nematodes carrying GFP reporter were induced to form autophagosomes (GFP::LGG-1) after T. marneffei infection. Furthermore, the knockdown of lgg-1 significantly reduced the survival rate of T. marneffei-infected nematodes. Likewise, the autophagy activator rapamycin reduced the fungal burden and suppressed lung inflammation in a mouse model of infection. In conclusion, autophagy is essential for host defense against T. marneffei in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, autophagy may be an attractive target for developing new therapeutics to treat talaromycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sha Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Rd., Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Mei-Zhen Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jin-Wei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying-Hui Liu
- Dermatology Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Rd., Guangzhou, 510120, China; Dermatology Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Wang F, Han R, Chen S. An Overlooked and Underrated Endemic Mycosis-Talaromycosis and the Pathogenic Fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0005122. [PMID: 36648228 PMCID: PMC10035316 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis is an invasive mycosis endemic in tropical and subtropical Asia and is caused by the pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Approximately 17,300 cases of T. marneffei infection are diagnosed annually, and the reported mortality rate is extremely high (~1/3). Despite the devastating impact of talaromycosis on immunocompromised individuals, particularly HIV-positive persons, and the increase in reported occurrences in HIV-uninfected persons, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for talaromycosis have received far too little attention worldwide. In 2021, scientists living in countries where talaromycosis is endemic raised a global demand for it to be recognized as a neglected tropical disease. Therefore, T. marneffei and the infectious disease induced by this fungus must be treated with concern. T. marneffei is a thermally dimorphic saprophytic fungus with a complicated mycological growth process that may produce various cell types in its life cycle, including conidia, hyphae, and yeast, all of which are associated with its pathogenicity. However, understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of T. marneffei has been limited until recently. To achieve a holistic view of T. marneffei and talaromycosis, the current knowledge about talaromycosis and research breakthroughs regarding T. marneffei growth biology are discussed in this review, along with the interaction of the fungus with environmental stimuli and the host immune response to fungal infection. Importantly, the future research directions required for understanding this serious infection and its causative pathogenic fungus are also emphasized to identify solutions that will alleviate the suffering of susceptible individuals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - RunHua Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shi Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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