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Jordá J, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Montoro-Dasi L, Marco-Fuertes A, Vega S, Marin C. Phage-Based Biosanitation Strategies for Minimizing Persistent Salmonella and Campylobacter Bacteria in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3826. [PMID: 38136863 PMCID: PMC10740442 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Control strategies to minimize pathogenic bacteria in food animal production are one of the key components in ensuring safer food for consumers. The most significant challenges confronting the food industry, particularly in the major poultry and swine sectors, are antibiotic resistance and resistance to cleaning and disinfection in zoonotic bacteria. In this context, bacteriophages have emerged as a promising tool for zoonotic bacteria control in the food industry, from animals and farm facilities to the final product. Phages are viruses that infect bacteria, with several advantages as a biocontrol agent such as high specificity, self-replication, self-limitation, continuous adaptation, low inherent toxicity and easy isolation. Their development as a biocontrol agent is of particular interest, as it would allow the application of a promising and even necessary "green" technology to combat pathogenic bacteria in the environment. However, bacteriophage applications have limitations, including selecting appropriate phages, legal restrictions, purification, dosage determination and bacterial resistance. Overcoming these limitations is crucial to enhance phage therapy's effectiveness against zoonotic bacteria in poultry. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive view of the phage-biosanitation strategies for minimizing persistent Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Jordá
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Laura Montoro-Dasi
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
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Pelyuntha W, Vongkamjan K. Control of Salmonella in Chicken Meat by a Phage Cocktail in Combination with Propionic Acid and Modified Atmosphere Packaging. Foods 2023; 12:4181. [PMID: 38002238 PMCID: PMC10670840 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella contamination in poultry meat is an important food safety issue as this pathogen can lead to serious illness and economic losses worldwide. In poultry meat processing, a variety of strong bacteriostatic agents has been introduced for controlling Salmonella including bacteriophages (phages), organic acids, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). In our study, two selected phages including vB_SenM_P7 and vB_SenP_P32 were used in combination with propionic acid (PA) and MAP for controlling Salmonella of multiple serovars on chicken meat under storage at 4 °C. The two phages showed strong lytic activity against over 72 serovars of Salmonella tested (25.0 to 80.6%). Phages, vB_SenM_P7 and vB_SenP_P32 showed 40% and 60% survival rates, respectively, after the exposure to temperatures up to 70 °C. Both phages remained active, with nearly 100% survival at a wide range of pH (2 to 12) and 15% NaCl (w/v). The available chlorine up to 0.3% (v/v) led to a phage survival rate of 80-100%. A combination of Salmonella phage cocktail and 0.5% PA could reduce Salmonella counts in vitro by 4 log CFU/mL on day 3 whereas a phage cocktail and 0.25% PA showed a 4-log reduction on day 5 during storage at 4 °C. For the phage treatment alone, a 0.3-log reduction of Salmonella was observed on day 1 of storage at 4 °C. In the chicken meat model, treatment by a phage cocktail and PA at both concentrations in MAP conditions resulted in a complete reduction of Salmonella cells (4-5 log unit/g) on day 2 of storage whereas each single treatment under MAP conditions showed a complete cell reduction on day 4. For the meat sensory evaluation, chicken meat treated with a phage cocktail-PA (0.5%) in MAP condition showed the highest preference scores, suggesting highly acceptability and satisfactory. These findings suggest that a combined treatment using a phage cocktail and PA in MAP conditions effectively control Salmonella in poultry meat during storage at low temperature to improve the quality and safety of food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
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Oluwarinde BO, Ajose DJ, Abolarinwa TO, Montso PK, Du Preez I, Njom HA, Ateba CN. Safety Properties of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Specific Bacteriophages: Recent Advances for Food Safety. Foods 2023; 12:3989. [PMID: 37959107 PMCID: PMC10650914 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is typically detected on food products mainly due to cross-contamination with faecal matter. The serotype O157:H7 has been of major public health concern due to the severity of illness caused, prevalence, and management. In the food chain, the main methods of controlling contamination by foodborne pathogens often involve the application of antimicrobial agents, which are now becoming less efficient. There is a growing need for the development of new approaches to combat these pathogens, especially those that harbour antimicrobial resistant and virulent determinants. Strategies to also limit their presence on food contact surfaces and food matrices are needed to prevent their transmission. Recent studies have revealed that bacteriophages are useful non-antibiotic options for biocontrol of E. coli O157:H7 in both animals and humans. Phage biocontrol can significantly reduce E. coli O157:H7, thereby improving food safety. However, before being certified as potential biocontrol agents, the safety of the phage candidates must be resolved to satisfy regulatory standards, particularly regarding phage resistance, antigenic properties, and toxigenic properties. In this review, we provide a general description of the main virulence elements of E. coli O157:H7 and present detailed reports that support the proposals that phages infecting E. coli O157:H7 are potential biocontrol agents. This paper also outlines the mechanism of E. coli O157:H7 resistance to phages and the safety concerns associated with the use of phages as a biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola Opeyemi Oluwarinde
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng 2375, South Africa; (B.O.O.); (D.J.A.); (T.O.A.); (P.K.M.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Group (AREPHABREG), Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Mahikeng 2735, South Africa
| | - Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng 2375, South Africa; (B.O.O.); (D.J.A.); (T.O.A.); (P.K.M.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Group (AREPHABREG), Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Mahikeng 2735, South Africa
| | - Tesleem Olatunde Abolarinwa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng 2375, South Africa; (B.O.O.); (D.J.A.); (T.O.A.); (P.K.M.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Group (AREPHABREG), Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Mahikeng 2735, South Africa
| | - Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng 2375, South Africa; (B.O.O.); (D.J.A.); (T.O.A.); (P.K.M.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Group (AREPHABREG), Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Mahikeng 2735, South Africa
| | - Ilse Du Preez
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
| | - Henry Akum Njom
- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng 2375, South Africa; (B.O.O.); (D.J.A.); (T.O.A.); (P.K.M.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Group (AREPHABREG), Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Mahikeng 2735, South Africa
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Johri AV, Johri P, Hoyle N, Nadareishvili L, Pipia L, Nizharadze D. Case report: Successful treatment of recurrent E. coli infection with bacteriophage therapy for patient suffering from chronic bacterial prostatitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243824. [PMID: 37790805 PMCID: PMC10544980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis (CBP) is inflammation of the prostate caused by bacterial infection. An estimated 8.2% of men have prostatitis, most commonly under the age of 50. Antibiotics often fail to treat CBP due to presence of bacterial biofilms and rising antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacterial strains. The multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains often implicated in cases of CBP include Extended Spectrum Beta Lactam resistant Escherichia coli, Vancomycin resistant Enterococci, Gram-positive bacterial strains like Staphylococci and Streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae like Klebsiella and Proteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CBP patients experience significant deterioration in quality of life, with impact on mental health comparable with patients of diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure, leading patients to explore alternatives like phage therapy. Case presentation: We present the case of a patient diagnosed with and exhibiting typical symptoms of CBP. Tests of the prostatic and seminal fluids identified E. coli as the causative pathogen. The patient did not experience favourable long-term treatment outcomes despite repeated antibiotic courses administered over 5 years. This led him to seek phage therapy for treatment of his condition. Methods and outcome: The cultured strain of E. coli was tested against bacteriophage preparations developed by the Eliava Institute, Georgia. Preparations showing lytic activity against the strain were used for the patient's treatment at the Eliava Phage Therapy Center (EPTC). The patient underwent two courses of treatment with the EPTC. The first treatment course resulted in significant symptomatic improvement, followed by complete resolution of symptoms post the second course of phage therapy. Samples tested during treatment showed declining bacterial growth, corresponding with symptomatic improvement. Post-treatment cultures had no growth of pathogenic bacteria. Discussion: This case illustrates the efficacy of bacteriophages in treating CBP, a condition that is often resistant to antibiotic therapies. Antibiotics such as ofloxacin, Fosfomycin, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin and ceftriaxone were administered in multiple courses over 5 years, but the infection recurred after each course. After two courses of phage therapy, the patient experienced long-term symptom resolution and substantial reduction in bacterial load. Increasing numbers of such cases globally warrant further research into the potential for bacteriophages for treating MDR and chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naomi Hoyle
- Eliava Phage Therapy Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Skagit Regional Health, Mount Vernon, WA, United States
| | | | - Levan Pipia
- Eliava Phage Therapy Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Jo SJ, Kwon J, Kim SG, Lee SJ. The Biotechnological Application of Bacteriophages: What to Do and Where to Go in the Middle of the Post-Antibiotic Era. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2311. [PMID: 37764155 PMCID: PMC10534921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amid the escalating challenges of antibiotic resistance, bacterial infections have emerged as a global threat. Bacteriophages (phages), viral entities capable of selectively infecting bacteria, are gaining momentum as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Their distinctive attributes, including host specificity, inherent self-amplification, and potential synergy with antibiotics, render them compelling candidates. Phage engineering, a burgeoning discipline, involves the strategic modification of bacteriophages to enhance their therapeutic potential and broaden their applications. The integration of CRISPR-Cas systems facilitates precise genetic modifications, enabling phages to serve as carriers of functional genes/proteins, thereby enhancing diagnostics, drug delivery, and therapy. Phage engineering holds promise in transforming precision medicine, addressing antibiotic resistance, and advancing diverse applications. Emphasizing the profound therapeutic potential of phages, this review underscores their pivotal role in combatting bacterial diseases and highlights their significance in the post-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan City 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, 377-3 Musimseoro, Seowon-gu, Cheong-ju City 28674, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ioannou P, Baliou S, Samonis G. Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond-A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1012. [PMID: 37370331 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has revolutionized medicine and has changed medical practice, enabling successful fighting of infection. However, quickly after the start of the antibiotic era, therapeutics for infectious diseases started having limitations due to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Since the antibiotic pipeline has largely slowed down, with few new compounds being produced in the last decades and with most of them belonging to already-existing classes, the discovery of new ways to treat pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics is becoming an urgent need. To that end, bacteriophages (phages), which are already used in some countries in agriculture, aquaculture, food safety, and wastewater plant treatments, could be also used in clinical practice against bacterial pathogens. Their discovery one century ago was followed by some clinical studies that showed optimistic results that were limited, however, by some notable obstacles. However, the rise of antibiotics during the next decades left phage research in an inactive status. In the last decades, new studies on phages have shown encouraging results in animals. Hence, further studies in humans are needed to confirm their potential for effective and safe treatment in cases where there are few or no other viable therapeutic options. This study reviews the biology and applications of phages for medical and non-medical uses in a narrative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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7
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Jia PP, Yang YF, Junaid M, Jia HJ, Li WG, Pei DS. Bacteriophage-based techniques for elucidating the function of zebrafish gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2039-2059. [PMID: 36847856 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (or phages) are unique viruses that can specifically infect bacteria. Since their discovery by Twort and d'Herelle, phages with bacterial specificity have played important roles in microbial regulation. The intestinal microbiota and host health are intimately linked with nutrient, metabolism, development, and immunity aspects. However, the mechanism of interactions between the composition of the microbiota and their functions in maintaining host health still needs to be further explored. To address the lack of methodology and functions of intestinal microbiota in the host, we first proposed that, with the regulations of special intestinal microbiota and applications of germ-free (GF) zebrafish model, phages would be used to infect and reduce/eliminate the defined gut bacteria in the conventionally raised (CR) zebrafish and compared with the GF zebrafish colonized with defined bacterial strains. Thus, this review highlighted the background and roles of phages and their functional characteristics, and we also summarized the phage-specific infection of target microorganisms, methods to improve the phage specificity, and their regulation within the zebrafish model and gut microbial functional study. Moreover, the primary protocol of phage therapy to control the intestinal microbiota in zebrafish models from larvae to adults was recommended including phage screening from natural sources, identification of host ranges, and experimental design in the animal. A well understanding of the interaction and mechanism between phages and gut bacteria in the host can potentially provide powerful strategies or techniques for preventing bacteria-related human diseases by precisely regulating in vitro and in vivo, which will provide novel insights for phages' application and combined research in the future. KEY POINTS: • Zebrafish models for clarifying the microbial and phages' functions were discussed • Phages infect host bacteria with exquisite specificity and efficacy • Phages can reduce/eliminate the defined gut bacteria to clarify their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region On Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang-Jie Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Elois MA, da Silva R, Pilati GVT, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Bacteriophages as Biotechnological Tools. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020349. [PMID: 36851563 PMCID: PMC9963553 DOI: 10.3390/v15020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous organisms that can be specific to one or multiple strains of hosts, in addition to being the most abundant entities on the planet. It is estimated that they exceed ten times the total number of bacteria. They are classified as temperate, which means that phages can integrate their genome into the host genome, originating a prophage that replicates with the host cell and may confer immunity against infection by the same type of phage; and lytics, those with greater biotechnological interest and are viruses that lyse the host cell at the end of its reproductive cycle. When lysogenic, they are capable of disseminating bacterial antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. When professionally lytic-that is, obligately lytic and not recently descended from a temperate ancestor-they become allies in bacterial control in ecological imbalance scenarios; these viruses have a biofilm-reducing capacity. Phage therapy has also been advocated by the scientific community, given the uniqueness of issues related to the control of microorganisms and biofilm production when compared to other commonly used techniques. The advantages of using bacteriophages appear as a viable and promising alternative. This review will provide updates on the landscape of phage applications for the biocontrol of pathogens in industrial settings and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves Elois
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Research Centre for Emerging Pathogens and Global Health, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Abd-El Wahab A, Basiouni S, El-Seedi HR, Ahmed MFE, Bielke LR, Hargis B, Tellez-Isaias G, Eisenreich W, Lehnherr H, Kittler S, Shehata AA, Visscher C. An overview of the use of bacteriophages in the poultry industry: Successes, challenges, and possibilities for overcoming breakdowns. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1136638. [PMID: 37025628 PMCID: PMC10071031 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1136638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary contaminants in poultry are Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Their pathogenicity together with the widespread of these bacteria, contributes to many economic losses and poses a threat to public health. With the increasing prevalence of bacterial pathogens being resistant to most conventional antibiotics, scientists have rekindled interest in using bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents. Bacteriophage treatments have also been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry. Bacteriophages' high specificity may allow them only to target a specific bacterial pathogen in the infected animal. However, a tailor-made sophisticated cocktail of different bacteriophages could broaden their antibacterial activity in typical situations with multiple clinical strains infections. Bacteriophages may not only be used in terms of reducing bacterial contamination in animals but also, under industrial conditions, they can be used as safe disinfectants to reduce contamination on food-contact surfaces or poultry carcasses. Nevertheless, bacteriophage therapies have not been developed sufficiently for widespread use. Problems with resistance, safety, specificity, and long-term stability must be addressed in particular. This review highlights the benefits, challenges, and current limitations of bacteriophage applications in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Abd-El Wahab
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Marwa F. E. Ahmed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lisa R. Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Billy Hargis
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Lehnherr
- PTC Phage Technology Center GmbH, a Part of Finktec Group, Bönen, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, An der Trift, Gödenroth, Germany
- Prophy-Institute for Applied Prophylaxis, Bönen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Awad A. Shehata,
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Christian Visscher,
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Pelyuntha W, Sanguankiat A, Kovitvadhi A, Vongkamjan K. Broad lytic spectrum of novel Salmonella phages on ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella contaminated in the broiler production chain. Vet World 2022; 15:2039-2045. [PMID: 36313854 PMCID: PMC9615508 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2039-2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is recommended for salmonellosis treatment as the drug of choice; however, overuse of this drug can cause drug resistance issues and failure to treat diseases. Phage therapy is an alternative approach for combatting CIP-resistant infection. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CIP-resistant Salmonella isolated from the broiler production chain and evaluated the lytic ability of novel Salmonella phages isolated from water samples. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained from the broiler production chain and used for Salmonella isolation. serovar and CIP resistance of each isolate were characterized through latex agglutination and agar disk diffusion test, respectively. Water samples from different sources were acquired for phage isolation. The lytic activity of novel-isolated phages was also examined. Results: In this study, 51 Salmonella isolates were recovered from the broiler production chain (two commercial farms, one free-range farm, two slaughterhouses, and three stalls from the wet market). Kentucky was the major serovar characterized (16), followed by Typhimurium (9), Agona (5), Corvalis (5), Schwarzengrund (5), Singapore (3), Weltevreden (3), Mbandaka (2), Give (2), and Albany (1). The serovars that exhibited CIP resistance were 14/16 isolates of serovar Kentucky (87.5%) and one isolate of serovar Give (50%), whereas eight other serovars were susceptible to this drug. Overall, the prevalence of CIP-resistant Salmonella recovered from the sources included in this study was 29.4%. This study identified 11 Salmonella phages isolated from wastewater samples derived from broiler farms, wastewater treatment stations, and natural reservoirs. Our phages showed the total percentage of lysis ability ranging from 33.3% to 93.3% against CIP-resistant isolates. However, only one bacterial isolate, namely 210SL, recovered from the food contact surface of a wet market stall and was resistant to all phages. Conclusion: Diverse serovars of Salmonella were recovered in the broiler production chain in this study, while the isolates presenting CIP-resistant Salmonella were as high as 29.4%. Overall, Salmonella phages showed high lysis ability against these CIP-resistant Salmonella isolates, suggesting the potential application of phage-based treatments or biocontrol in the broiler production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Pelyuntha
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Arsooth Sanguankiat
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Attawit Kovitvadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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11
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Amankwah S, Adisu M, Gorems K, Abdella K, Kassa T. Assessment of Phage-Mediated Inhibition and Removal of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm on Medical Implants. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2797-2811. [PMID: 35668859 PMCID: PMC9166914 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s367460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite the growing interest in bacteriophage (phage) usage for the prevention, control, and removal of bacterial biofilms, few scientific data exist on phage applications on medical implant surfaces, while none exists on multiple implants. In this study, we aimed to isolate, biophysically characterize and assess phages as potential antibiofilm agents to inhibit and remove multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on catheter and endotracheal tube surfaces. Methods The well-identified stored clinical isolates (n = 7) of MDR P. aeruginosa were obtained from Jimma Medical Center. Specific phages were isolated and characterized based on standard protocols. The phages were tested for their antibiofilm effects in preventing colonization and removing preformed biofilms of MDR P. aeruginosa, following phage coating and treatment of catheter and endotracheal tube segments. Results Two P. aeruginosa-specific phages (ΦJHS-PA1139 and ΦSMK-PA1139) were isolated from JMC compound sewage sources. The phages were biophysically characterized as being thermally stable up to 40°C and viable between pH 4.0 and 11.0. The two phages tested against clinical MDR strains of P. aeruginosa showed broad host ranges but not on other tested bacterial species. Both phages reduced MDR bacterial biofilms during the screening step. The phage-coated segments showed 1.2 log10 up to 3.2 log10 inhibition relative to non-coated segments following 6 h coating of segments prior to microbial load exposure. In both phages, 6 h treatment of the segments with 106 PFU/mL yielded 1.0 log10 up to 1.6 log10 reductions for ΦJHS and 1.6 log10 up to 2.4 log10 reductions for ΦSMK. Conclusion Our results suggest that phages have great potential to serve the dual purpose as surface coating agents for preventing MDR bacterial colonization in medical implants and as biofilm removal agents in implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Amankwah
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Accra Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mekonen Adisu
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Kasahun Gorems
- Microbiology Laboratory of Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
- St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Abdella
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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12
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Kowalski J, Górska R, Cieślik M, Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E. What Are the Potential Benefits of Using Bacteriophages in Periodontal Therapy? Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040446. [PMID: 35453197 PMCID: PMC9027636 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, which may result in tooth loss, constitutes both a serious medical and social problem. This pathology, if not treated, can contribute to the development of, among others, pancreatic cancer, cardiovascular diseases or Alzheimer’s disease. The available treatment methods are expensive but not always fully effective. For this reason, the search for and isolation of bacteriophages specific to bacterial strains causing periodontitis seems to be a great opportunity to target persistent colonization by bacterial pathogens and lower the use of antibiotics consequently limiting further development of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a growing challenge in periodontal therapy as resistant pathogens may be isolated from more than 70% of patients with periodontitis. The aim of this review is to present the perspective of phage application in the prevention and/or treatment of periodontitis alongside its complicated multifactorial aetiology and emphasize the challenges connecting composition and application of effective phage preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kowalski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Martyna Cieślik
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (A.G.)
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
- Infant Jesus Hospital, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Pelyuntha W, Vongkamjan K. Combined effects of Salmonella phage cocktail and organic acid for controlling Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken meat. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Khalifa M, Few LL, Too WCS. Phage-Choline Kinase Inhibitor Combination to Control Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Promising Combo. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1281-1288. [PMID: 34961459 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211213160256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent opportunistic pathogens in humans that has thrived and proved to be difficult to control in this "post-antibiotic era." Antibiotic alternatives are necessary for fighting against this resilient bacterium. Even though phages might not be "the wonder drug" that solves everything, they still provide a viable option to combat P. aeruginosa and curb the threat it imposes. MAIN FINDINGS The combination of antibiotics with phages, however, poses a propitious treatment option for P. aeruginosa. Choline kinase (ChoK) is the enzyme that synthesizes phosphorylcholine subsequently incorporated into lipopolysaccharide located at the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Recently, inhibition of ChoKs has been proposed as a promising antibacterial strategy. Successful docking of Hemicholinium-3, a choline kinase inhibitor, to the model structure of P. aeruginosa ChoK also supports the use of this inhibitor or its derivatives to inhibit the growth of this microorganism. CONCLUSION Therefore, the combination of the novel antimicrobial "choline kinase inhibitors (ChoKIs)" with a phage cocktail or synthetic phages as a potential treatment for P. aeruginosa infection has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moad Khalifa
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. Malaysia
| | - Ling Ling Few
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. Malaysia
| | - Wei Cun See Too
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. Malaysia
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15
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Amankwah S, Abdella K, Kassa T. Bacterial Biofilm Destruction: A Focused Review On The Recent Use of Phage-Based Strategies With Other Antibiofilm Agents. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2021; 14:161-177. [PMID: 34548785 PMCID: PMC8449863 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s325594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are bacterial communities that live in association with biotic or abiotic surfaces and enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance. Their formation on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, including human tissue and medical device surfaces, pose a major threat causing chronic infections. In addition, current antibiotics and antiseptic agents have shown limited ability to completely remove biofilms. In this review, the authors provide an overview on the formation of bacterial biofilms and its characteristics, burden and evolution with phages. Moreover, the most recent possible use of phages and phage-derived enzymes to combat bacteria in biofilm structures is elucidated. From the emerging results, it can be concluded that despite successful use of phages and phage-derived products in destroying biofilms, they are mostly not adequate to eradicate all bacterial cells. Nevertheless, a combined therapy with the use of phages and/or phage-derived products with other antimicrobial agents including antibiotics, nanoparticles, and antimicrobial peptides may be effective approaches to remove biofilms from medical device surfaces and to treat their associated infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Amankwah
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Accra Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kedir Abdella
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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16
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Bacteriophage Delivery Systems Based on Composite PolyHIPE/Nanocellulose Hydrogel Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162648. [PMID: 34451188 PMCID: PMC8401677 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of bacteriophage therapy in medicine has recently regained an important place. Oral phage delivery for gastrointestinal treatment, transport through the stomach, and fast release in the duodenum is one of such applications. In this work, an efficient polyHIPE/hydrogel system for targeted delivery of bacteriophages with rapid release at the target site is presented. T7 bacteriophages were encapsulated in low crosslinked anionic nanocellulose-based hydrogels, which successfully protected phages at pH < 3.9 (stomach) and completely lost the hydrogel network at a pH above 3.9 (duodenum), allowing their release. Hydrogels with entrapped phages were crosslinked within highly porous spherical polyHIPE particles with an average diameter of 24 μm. PolyHIPE scaffold protects the hydrogels from mechanical stimuli during transport, preventing the collapse of the hydrogel structure and the unwanted phage release. On the other hand, small particle size, due to the large surface-to-volume ratio, enables rapid release at the target site. As a consequence, a fast zero-order release was achieved, providing improved patient compliance and reduced frequency of drug administration. The proposed system therefore exhibits significant potential for a targeted drug delivery in medicine and pharmacy.
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17
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Avershina E, Shapovalova V, Shipulin G. Fighting Antibiotic Resistance in Hospital-Acquired Infections: Current State and Emerging Technologies in Disease Prevention, Diagnostics and Therapy. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707330. [PMID: 34367112 PMCID: PMC8334188 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising antibiotic resistance is a global threat that is projected to cause more deaths than all cancers combined by 2050. In this review, we set to summarize the current state of antibiotic resistance, and to give an overview of the emerging technologies aimed to escape the pre-antibiotic era recurrence. We conducted a comprehensive literature survey of >150 original research and review articles indexed in the Web of Science using "antimicrobial resistance," "diagnostics," "therapeutics," "disinfection," "nosocomial infections," "ESKAPE pathogens" as key words. We discuss the impact of nosocomial infections on the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria, give an overview over existing and developing strategies for faster diagnostics of infectious diseases, review current and novel approaches in therapy of infectious diseases, and finally discuss strategies for hospital disinfection to prevent MDR bacteria spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Avershina
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
- Laboratory or Postgenomic Technologies, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Shapovalova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - German Shipulin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Johri AV, Johri P, Hoyle N, Pipia L, Nadareishvili L, Nizharadze D. Case Report: Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Treated With Phage Therapy After Multiple Failed Antibiotic Treatments. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692614. [PMID: 34177601 PMCID: PMC8222915 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis (CBP) is an inflammatory condition caused by a persistent bacterial infection of the prostate gland and its surrounding areas in the male pelvic region. It is most common in men under 50 years of age. It is a long-lasting and debilitating condition that severely deteriorates the patient’s quality of life. Anatomical limitations and antimicrobial resistance limit the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment of CBP. Bacteriophage therapy is proposed as a promising alternative treatment of CBP and related infections. Bacteriophage therapy is the use of lytic bacterial viruses to treat bacterial infections. Many cases of CBP are complicated by infections caused by both nosocomial and community acquired multidrug resistant bacteria. Frequently encountered strains include Vancomycin resistant Enterococci, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactam resistant Escherichia coli, other gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, Enterobacteriaceae such as Klebsiella and Proteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among others. Case Presentation: We present a patient with the typical manifestations of CBP. The patient underwent multiple courses of antibiotic treatment without any long-term resolution of his symptoms. Testing of prostatic secretion and semen samples revealed pathogenic bacteria in each case, which collectively included members of the Staphylococcal species such as Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus mitis, among others. Methods and Outcome: Bacteriophage preparations from the Eliava Institute were used to treat the patient after establishing phage sensitivity to the pathogenic bacteria. Significant improvements in symptoms and re-testing of samples after bacteriophage treatment indicated a reduction in the bacterial load and resolution of the infection. Discussion: The patient saw significant improvement of symptoms, and positive dynamics in bacterial titers and ultrasound controls after phage therapy. The failure of antibiotic therapy and subsequent success of bacteriophage therapy in treating chronic bacterial prostatitis shows the effectiveness of bacteriophages in controlling chronic infections in areas of low vascularity and anatomical complexity. These cases also highlight the efficacy of phages in overcoming antibiotic-resistant infections as well as biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naomi Hoyle
- Eliava Phage Therapy Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Levan Pipia
- Eliava Phage Therapy Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
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19
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Shi Y, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Luo X, Chen Y, Yuan Z, Chen J, Gong Y. Safety and Efficacy of a Phage, kpssk3, in an in vivo Model of Carbapenem-Resistant Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:613356. [PMID: 34093455 PMCID: PMC8175031 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.613356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most significant threats to global public health. As antibiotic failure is increasing, phages are gradually becoming important agents in the post-antibiotic era. In this study, the therapeutic effects and safety of kpssk3, a previously isolated phage infecting carbapenem-resistant hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-HMKP), were evaluated in a mouse model of systemic CR-HMKP infection. The therapeutic efficacy experiment showed that intraperitoneal injection with a single dose of phage kpssk3 (1 × 107 PFU/mouse) 3 h post infection protected 100% of BALB/c mice against bacteremia induced by intraperitoneal challenge with a 2 × LD100 dose of NY03, a CR-HMKP clinical isolate. In addition, mice were treated with antibiotics from three classes (polymyxin B, tigecycline, and ceftazidime/avibactam plus aztreonam), and the 7 days survival rates of the treated mice were 20, 20, and 90%, respectively. The safety test consisted of 2 parts: determining the cytotoxicity of kpssk3 and evaluating the short- and long-term impacts of phage therapy on the mouse gut microbiota. Phage kpssk3 was shown to not be cytotoxic to mammalian cells in vitro or in vivo. Fecal samples were collected from the phage-treated mice at 3 time points before (0 day) and after (3 and 10 days) phage therapy to study the change in the gut microbiome via high-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis, which revealed no notable alterations in the gut microbiota except for decreases in the Chao1 and ACE indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Dietl B, Henares D, Boix-Palop L, Muñoz-Almagro C, Garau J, Calbo E. Related Factors to Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasive Infection and Clinical Manifestations: The Potential Role of Nasopharyngeal Microbiome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:650271. [PMID: 33996857 PMCID: PMC8117960 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.650271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as pneumonia, are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae might colonize the upper respiratory tract and is the main aetiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In the last decades, several factors related to the host, the microorganism and the antibiotic therapy have been investigated to identify risk factors associated with the development of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Nevertheless, these factors themselves do not explain the risk of developing disease or its severity. Recently, some studies have focused on the importance of nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome and its relation to respiratory health. This review presents existing evidence of the potential role of NP microbiome in the development of IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dietl
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Desirée Henares
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Boix-Palop
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garau
- Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Rotger, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Esther Calbo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Azeredo J, García P, Drulis-Kawa Z. Targeting biofilms using phages and their enzymes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 68:251-261. [PMID: 33714050 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The complex biofilm architecture composed of extracellular polymeric structures (EPS) provides a protective shield to physiologically diverse bacterial cells immersed in its structure. The evolutionary interplay between bacteria and their viruses (phages) forced the latter ones to develop specific strategies to overcome the biofilm defensive barriers and kill sessile cells. Phages are equipped with a wide panel of enzyme-degrading EPS macromolecules which together are powerful weapons to combat biofilms. Antibiofilm performance can be achieved by combining phages or phage-borne enzymes with other antimicrobials such as antibiotics. Nevertheless, a variety of enzymes encoded in phage genomes still need to be explored. To advance in biofilm control strategies we must deepen the understanding of the biofilm biology itself, as well as discover and better exploit the unlimited antibacterial potential of phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Azeredo
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Pilar García
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares sn. 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
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22
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Deciphering Streptococcal Biofilms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111835. [PMID: 33233415 PMCID: PMC7700319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococci are a diverse group of bacteria, which are mostly commensals but also cause a considerable proportion of life-threatening infections. They colonize many different host niches such as the oral cavity, the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. While these host compartments impose different environmental conditions, many streptococci form biofilms on mucosal membranes facilitating their prolonged survival. In response to environmental conditions or stimuli, bacteria experience profound physiologic and metabolic changes during biofilm formation. While investigating bacterial cells under planktonic and biofilm conditions, various genes have been identified that are important for the initial step of biofilm formation. Expression patterns of these genes during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth suggest a highly regulated and complex process. Biofilms as a bacterial survival strategy allow evasion of host immunity and protection against antibiotic therapy. However, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated bacteria cause disease are poorly understood. Therefore, advanced molecular techniques are employed to identify gene(s) or protein(s) as targets for the development of antibiofilm therapeutic approaches. We review our current understanding of biofilm formation in different streptococci and how biofilm production may alter virulence-associated characteristics of these species. In addition, we have summarized the role of surface proteins especially pili proteins in biofilm formation. This review will provide an overview of strategies which may be exploited for developing novel approaches against biofilm-related streptococcal infections.
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Naureen Z, Malacarne D, Anpilogov K, Dautaj A, Camilleri G, Cecchin S, Bressan S, Casadei A, Albion E, Sorrentino E, Beccari T, Dundar M, Bertelli M. Comparison between American and European legislation in the therapeutical and alimentary bacteriophage usage. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020023. [PMID: 33170166 PMCID: PMC8023134 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages, though discovered a century ago, still lag behind in the race of antimicrobials due to scarce information about their biology, pharmacology, safety and suitability as therapeutic agents. Although they possess several capabilities of practical utility in medicine, they are still unable to satisfy the regulatory standards set by the regulatory authorities in both United States (US) and European Union (EU). Bacteriophages and their products (lysins) are considered as drugs, therefore they should follow the same route of the chemical drugs in order to achieve regulatory approvals for commercial production and application. However, lack of definitive guidelines and regulations has rendered bacteriophages less attractive to pharmaceutical companies and funding agencies, making it difficult for clinicians and researchers to set up wide scale clinical trials in order to prove efficacy, safety and stability of bacteriophages and their products. In this review, we will discuss the current regulations for developing phages and phage-based products for therapeutic purposes in the US and EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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24
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Abbaszadeh F, Leylabadlo HE, Alinezhad F, Feizi H, Mobed A, Baghbanijavid S, Baghi HB. Bacteriophages: cancer diagnosis, treatment, and future prospects. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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A Diverse Panel of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii for Research and Development. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00840-20. [PMID: 32718956 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00840-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Of particular concern are panresistant strains, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii as a priority 1 (critical) pathogen for research and development of new antibiotics. A key component in supporting this effort is accessibility to diverse and clinically relevant strains for testing. Here, we describe a panel of 100 diverse A. baumannii strains for use in this endeavor. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 3,505 A. baumannii isolates housed at the Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network. Isolates were cultured from clinical samples at health care facilities around the world between 2001 and 2017. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing and high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analyses were used to select a final panel of 100 strains that captured the genetic diversity of the collection. Comprehensive antibiotic susceptibility testing was also performed on all 100 isolates using 14 clinically relevant antibiotics. The final 100-strain diversity panel contained representative strains from 70 different traditional Pasteur scheme multilocus sequence types, including major epidemic clones. This diversity was also reflected in antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene content, with phenotypes ranging from pansensitive to panresistant, and over 100 distinct AMR gene alleles identified from 32 gene families. This panel provides the most diverse and comprehensive set of A. baumannii strains for use in developing solutions for combating antibiotic resistance. The panel and all available metadata, including genome sequences, will be available to industry and academic institutions and federal and other laboratories free of charge.
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