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Ortis M, Chevalier M, Olivieri CV, Vitale S, Paul A, Tonoyan L, Doglio A, Marsault R. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection of Human Periodontal Ligament. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8466. [PMID: 39126036 PMCID: PMC11312683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a complex connective tissue that connects the tooth root to the dental alveolar bone and plays crucial mechanical roles. PDL also exhibits regenerative roles and regulatory functions to maintain periodontium integrity and homeostasis. While PDL exposure to oral microbial pathogens is common, virtually nothing is known regarding viral infections of PDL. In particular, human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) persistently infects the oral cavity through infections of the oral epithelium, connective tissue and neurons. While the oral spread of HSV-1 is generally asymptomatic, this virus has also been implicated in various oral pathologies. In this study, using a primary cell model derived from PDL (PDL cells), and whole surgical fragments of PDL, we provide evidence supporting the efficient infection of PDL by HSV-1 and the promotion of cytopathic effects. Infection of PDL by HSV-1 was also associated with an acute innate inflammatory response, as illustrated by the production of antiviral interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, this inflammatory response to HSV-1 was exacerbated in the presence of bacterial-derived products, such as peptidoglycans. This work therefore highlights the ability of HSV-1 to infect mesenchymal cells from PDL, suggesting that PDL may serve as a viral reservoir for the periodontal spread of HSV-1. Moreover, this raises questions about HSV-1 oral pathogenesis, as HSV-1-associated cytopathic and inflammatory effects may contribute to profound alterations of PDL integrity and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Ortis
- Laboratoire MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 5, Rue du 22ème BCA, 06300 Nice, France; (M.O.); (M.C.); (C.-V.O.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Marlène Chevalier
- Laboratoire MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 5, Rue du 22ème BCA, 06300 Nice, France; (M.O.); (M.C.); (C.-V.O.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Charles-Vivien Olivieri
- Laboratoire MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 5, Rue du 22ème BCA, 06300 Nice, France; (M.O.); (M.C.); (C.-V.O.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Sébastien Vitale
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06003 Nice, France;
| | - Adrien Paul
- Laboratoire MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 5, Rue du 22ème BCA, 06300 Nice, France; (M.O.); (M.C.); (C.-V.O.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Lilit Tonoyan
- Laboratoire MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 5, Rue du 22ème BCA, 06300 Nice, France; (M.O.); (M.C.); (C.-V.O.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Alain Doglio
- Laboratoire MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 5, Rue du 22ème BCA, 06300 Nice, France; (M.O.); (M.C.); (C.-V.O.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (R.M.)
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique (UTCG), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06003 Nice, France
| | - Robert Marsault
- Laboratoire MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 5, Rue du 22ème BCA, 06300 Nice, France; (M.O.); (M.C.); (C.-V.O.); (A.P.); (L.T.); (R.M.)
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Zeng W, Liu G, Luan Q, Yang C, Luo X, Zhu Z, Yu X. Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int Dent J 2024; 74:607-615. [PMID: 38228433 PMCID: PMC11123576 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic oral inflammatory diseases. Over the past decade, herpes viruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have been considered promising pathogenic candidates for periodontitis. However, the specific mechanism by which EBV contributes to the development of periodontitis is still unknown. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of EBV underlying the inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS HGFs were stimulated with different concentrations of EBV (104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 DNA copies/mL) for 0, 8, 24, or 48 hours. The mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed for determining the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1. Real-time PCR and ELISA were performed to determine the protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1. Activation of the TLR9/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was evaluated using western blotting. RESULTS The expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1 were significantly upregulated in HGFs under EBV stimulation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. EBV promoted TLR9 and MyD88 expression and induced NF-κB transcription. On the contrary, the upregulation of these factors and the activation of NF-κB pathway were drastically inhibited by TLR9 antagonists. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that EBV promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 in HGFs through the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Zeng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guojing Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Tonoyan L, Olivieri CV, Chevalier M, Marsault R, Doglio A. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus infection in primary junctional epithelial cell cultures. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2301199. [PMID: 38188074 PMCID: PMC10769119 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2301199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Junctional epithelium (JE) provides the front-line defense against pathogens invading periodontium. The breakdown of the JE barrier is the hallmark of periodontitis. Recent studies have implicated the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as one of the etiopathogenetic factors of periodontitis. EBV exhibits tropism for two target cells in vivo: B cells, where it primarily remains latent, and epithelial cells, where viral replication occurs. Objective Our knowledge of junctional epithelial cell (JEC) infection with EBV has been limited by the difficulty of generating cell cultures and the inability to infect JECs in vitro readily. Design To study EBV infection in JECs, we developed human JEC cultures derived from a periodontitis patient. Furthermore, we established a successful contact-free co-culture infection model between the EBV-donor B95-8 cell line and the EBV-permissive JEC culture. JECs and EBV infection of JECs were detected using immunofluorescent staining of cytokeratin 19 and EBNA1, respectively. In addition, EBV infection was confirmed by RT-qPCR for EBNA1, LMP1, and BZLF1 expression. Results and conclusions Our results suggest that the infection of JECs with EBV can occur in an in vitro experimental model. These outcomes have the potential to enhance our understanding of EBV's involvement in periodontitis and advance periodontal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Tonoyan
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Charles V Olivieri
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Marlène Chevalier
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Robert Marsault
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Alain Doglio
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, Nice, France
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Elebyary O, Barbour A, Fine N, Tenenbaum HC, Glogauer M. The Crossroads of Periodontitis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Immune Implications and Tumor Promoting Capacities. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 1:584705. [PMID: 35047982 PMCID: PMC8757853 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2020.584705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is increasingly considered to interact with and promote a number of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. In the case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) the local inflammatory response associated with PD is capable of triggering altered cellular events that can promote cancer cell invasion and proliferation of existing primary oral carcinomas as well as supporting the seeding of metastatic tumor cells into the gingival tissue giving rise to secondary tumors. Both the immune and stromal components of the periodontium exhibit phenotypic alterations and functional differences during PD that result in a microenvironment that favors cancer progression. The inflammatory milieu in PD is ideal for cancer cell seeding, migration, proliferation and immune escape. Understanding the interactions governing this attenuated anti-tumor immune response is vital to unveil unexplored preventive or therapeutic possibilities. Here we review the many commonalities between the oral-inflammatory microenvironment in PD and oral-inflammatory responses that are associated with OSCC progression, and how these conditions can act to promote and sustain the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Elebyary
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial and Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Update on B Cell Response in Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:175-193. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Maulani C, Auerkari EI, C. Masulili SL, Soeroso Y, Djoko Santoso W, S. Kusdhany L. Association between Epstein-Barr virus and periodontitis: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258109. [PMID: 34618843 PMCID: PMC8496828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have found that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with periodontitis, though some controversy remains. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify and update the relationship between EBV and periodontitis as well as clinical parameters. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases in December 2020. Original data were extracted according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcomes were analyzed, including overall odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A random-effects model was used, and publication bias was assessed by Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the stability of the outcome. Results Twenty-six studies were included in the present meta-analysis, involving 1354 periodontitis patients and 819 healthy controls. The included studies mostly showed high quality. The overall quantitative synthesis for the association between EBV and periodontitis was an increased odds ratio when subgingival EBV was detected OR = 7.069, 95% CI = 4.197–11.905, P<0.001). The results of subgroup analysis suggested that the association of EBV with periodontitis was significant in Asian, European, and American populations (P<0.001; P = 0.04; P = 0.003, respectively) but not in African populations (P = 0.29). Subgroup analysis by sample type showed that subgingival plaque (SgP), tissue and gingival crevicular fluid GCF were useful for EBV detection (P<0.001). EBV detection amplification methods included nested PCR, multiplex PCR and PCR (P<0.001; P = 0.05, P<0.001, respectively), but EBV detection by real-time PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification presented no significant result (P = 0.06; P = 0.3, respectively). For the clinical parameters of periodontitis, pocket depth (PD) and bleeding of probing (BOP) percentages were higher in the EBV-positive sites than in the EBV-negative sites (MD 0.47 [0.08, 0.85], P = 0.02; MD 19.45 [4.47, 34.43], P = 0.01). Conclusions A high frequency of EBV detection is associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. The EBV association was particularly significant in all populations except in African populations. Subgigival plaque (SgP), tissue and GCF were not significantly different useful material for detecting EBV in periodontitis. Nested PCR and multiplex PCR are reliable methods for this purpose. In the presence of EBV, PD and BOP are reliable clinical parameters for gingival inflammation. However, some caution in such interpretation is justified due to heterogeneity among studies. A suggested extension could assess the parallel influence of other human herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaerita Maulani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Doctoral Program, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sri Lelyati C. Masulili
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widayat Djoko Santoso
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine in Tropical Infection, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lindawati S. Kusdhany
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Oral and Maxillo-Facial Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: An Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030271. [PMID: 33809659 PMCID: PMC8002330 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many systemic (infective, genetic, autoimmune, neoplastic) diseases may involve the oral cavity and, more generally, the soft and hard tissues of the head and neck as primary or secondary localization. Primary onset in the oral cavity of both pediatric and adult diseases usually represents a true challenge for clinicians; their precocious detection is often difficult and requires a wide knowledge but surely results in the early diagnosis and therapy onset with an overall better prognosis and clinical outcomes. In the current paper, as for the topic of the current Special Issue, the authors present an overview on the most frequent clinical manifestations at the oral and maxillo-facial district of systemic disease.
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Tonoyan L, Chevalier M, Vincent-Bugnas S, Marsault R, Doglio A. Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus in Periodontitis: A Review of Methodological Approaches. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010072. [PMID: 33383930 PMCID: PMC7823867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory condition that affects the structures surrounding the tooth eventually leading to tooth loss, is one of the two biggest threats to oral health. Beyond oral health, it is associated with systemic diseases and even with cancer risk. Obviously, periodontitis represents a major global health problem with significant social and economic impact. Recently, a new paradigm was proposed in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis involving a herpesviral–bacterial combination to promote long-term chronic inflammatory disease. Periodontitis as a risk factor for other systemic diseases can also be better explained based on viral–bacterial etiology. Significant efforts have brought numerous advances in revealing the links between periodontitis and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a gamma herpesvirus ubiquitous in the adult human population. The strong evidence from these studies may contribute to the advancement of periodontitis research and the ultimate control of the disease. Advancing the periodontitis research will require implementing suitable methods to establish EBV involvement in periodontitis. This review evaluates and summarizes the existing methods that allow the detection and diagnosis of EBV in periodontitis (also applicable in a more general way to other EBV-related diseases), and discusses the feasibility of the application of innovative emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Tonoyan
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Marlène Chevalier
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Séverine Vincent-Bugnas
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
- Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Robert Marsault
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Alain Doglio
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique (UTCG), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06101 Nice, France
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