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Yang L, Chu Z, Liu M, Zou Q, Li J, Liu Q, Wang Y, Wang T, Xiang J, Wang B. Amino acid metabolism in immune cells: essential regulators of the effector functions, and promising opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:59. [PMID: 37277776 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment, dysregulation of amino acid consumption in immune cells is an important underlying mechanism leading to impaired anti-tumor immunity. Emerging studies have revealed that altered amino acid metabolism is tightly linked to tumor outgrowth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance through governing the fate of various immune cells. During these processes, the concentration of free amino acids, their membrane bound transporters, key metabolic enzymes, and sensors such as mTOR and GCN2 play critical roles in controlling immune cell differentiation and function. As such, anti-cancer immune responses could be enhanced by supplement of specific essential amino acids, or targeting the metabolic enzymes or their sensors, thereby developing novel adjuvant immune therapeutic modalities. To further dissect metabolic regulation of anti-tumor immunity, this review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms governing reprogramming of amino acid metabolism and their effects on the phenotypes and functions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to propose novel approaches that could be exploited to rewire amino acid metabolism and enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Yang
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaole Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Yang Y, Lu N, Luo F, Fan R, Peng N. NOS2/miR-493-5p Signaling Regulates in the LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in the RAW264.7 Cells. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:1097-1112. [PMID: 36449151 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal infectious disease; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of TB remain elusive. The present study aims to identify potential biomarkers associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection by using integrated bioinformatics and in vitro validation studies. GSE50050, GSE78706, and GSE108844 data from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functions of DEGs were further subjected to gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis. The hub genes from the DEGs were determined based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Finally, the hub genes were experimentally validated using the in vitro functional studies. A total of 26 common DEGs were identified among GSE50050, GSE78706, and GSE108844. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the common DEGs were associated with cytokines response and TB pathways. The PPI network analysis identified nine hub genes. Further in vitro studies showed that nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) was up-regulated in RAW264.7 cells upon lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation, which was accompanied by increased inflammatory cytokines release. Furthermore, NOS2 was found to be a target of miR-493-5p, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. NOS2 was repressed by miR-493-5p overexpression and was up-regulated after miR-493-5p inhibition in RAW264.7 cells. The rescue experiments showed that LPS-induced increase in the inflammatory cytokines of the RAW264.7 cells was significantly attenuated by NOS2 knockdown and miR-493-5p overexpression. Collectively, our results for the first time demonstrated that NOS2/miR-493-5p signaling pathway may potentially involve in the inflammatory response during bacterial infection such as M. tb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Yongrui Yang
- Department of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Nihong Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Ru Fan
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Niancai Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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Wang Z, Li T, Gong Z, Xie J. Role of ISG15 post-translational modification in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110329. [PMID: 35390466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ISG15 encoded by a type I interferon (IFN) inducible gene mediates an important cellular process called ISGylation. ISGylation emerges as a powerful host tactic against intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, the exact role of ISGylation in immunity remains elusive. To shed light on how ISGylation, which is both interesting and complex, participates in immunity against Mtb, this manuscript summarized the current knowledge about the structural characteristics and targets of ISG15 and how ISGylation cross-talks with other host post-translational modifications to exert its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Wang
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tongxin Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, central laboratory Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhen Gong
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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