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de Oliveira MD, de Andrade Morais D, Lima AMC, de Andrade Magalhães NM, da Costa Barnabé NN, Pinheiro RR, Alves FSF, de Azevedo SS, Limeira CH, Alves CJ. Leptospirosis seroprevalence and associated risk factors in dairy goats in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Res Vet Sci 2024; 180:105431. [PMID: 39393285 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Leptospira spp. infection is a worldwide zoonosis that causes economic losses to goat rearing, mainly due to reproductive disorders. Hence, the objective of this research was to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of leptospirosis in a goat milk-producing region in the states of Paraiba and Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. The microscopic agglutination test was used as serological method and risk factor analysis was carried out using univariable and multivariable analyses. Out of the 937 animals sampled, 102 (10.9 %; 95 % CI = 8.9-12.9 %) were seropositive for Leptospira spp. and the most frequent serogroups were Ballum (41.2 %; 95 % CI = 31.6-50.7 %), Icterohaemorrhagiae (25.5 %, 95 % CI = 17-33.9 %) and Semaranga (23.5 %, 95 % CI = 15.3-31.8 %), with antibody titres ranging from 1:50 to 1:200. Thirty-four of 51 herds (66.7 %; 95 % CI = 53.7-79.6 %) had at least one seropositive animal. The risk factor identified in the multivariable two-level random effect binary logistic regression was the animal being an adult (odds ratio = 4.2; 95 % CI = 1.93-9.13; P < 0.001). Our results provide important information on the epidemiology and risk factors associated with goat leptospirosis seroprevalence in one of the main Brazilian goat milk-producing regions. Furthermore, the need for adopting sanitary control measures, especially those involving sanitary management practices, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Duarte de Oliveira
- Federal University of Campina Grande, (UFCG), Center of Rural Health and Technology (CSTR), Av. Universitária, s/n, Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil; Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano (IFSERTAO-PE), Salgueiro Campus, BR-232, Km 508, s/n - Rural Zone, 56000-000 Salgueiro, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Davidianne de Andrade Morais
- Federal University of Campina Grande, (UFCG), Center of Rural Health and Technology (CSTR), Av. Universitária, s/n, Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Milena César Lima
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Road, s/n - Km 4 - Rural Zone, 62103-905 Sobral, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Nathália Maria de Andrade Magalhães
- Federal University of Campina Grande, (UFCG), Center of Rural Health and Technology (CSTR), Av. Universitária, s/n, Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Nathanael Natércio da Costa Barnabé
- Federal University of Campina Grande, (UFCG), Center of Rural Health and Technology (CSTR), Av. Universitária, s/n, Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Rizaldo Pinheiro
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Road, s/n - Km 4 - Rural Zone, 62103-905 Sobral, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Road, s/n - Km 4 - Rural Zone, 62103-905 Sobral, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
- Federal University of Campina Grande, (UFCG), Center of Rural Health and Technology (CSTR), Av. Universitária, s/n, Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Clécio Henrique Limeira
- Federal University of Campina Grande, (UFCG), Center of Rural Health and Technology (CSTR), Av. Universitária, s/n, Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Clebert José Alves
- Federal University of Campina Grande, (UFCG), Center of Rural Health and Technology (CSTR), Av. Universitária, s/n, Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
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Loria J, Reis L, Roussouliéres I, Pinto PHN, Balaro MFA, Lilenbaum W. Genital route in experimental infection, a promising approach to study genital leptospirosis in ruminants. Vet J 2024; 305:106127. [PMID: 38710383 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Infection by Leptospira sp., mainly strains from the Sejroe serogroup, impairs the reproductive efficiency of ruminants leading to economic losses. Although the majority of experimental studies use the intraperitoneal route of leptospiral infection, it has been suggested that natural infection occurs frequently by sexual transmission. Thus, we assessed the genital route of infection to study genital leptospirosis in the sheep model. A strain of L. borgpetersenii serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjobovis was inoculated in 18 ewes, divided into three groups for inoculation: intraperitoneal (n=6; Gip), cervical superficial (genital) (n=6; Ggen) and conjunctival (n=6; Gconj). Monthly, for 90 days, blood samples were collected for serology (MAT) and PCR was performed on urine, cervical-vaginal mucus, and uterine fragments. All ewes were successfully infected, independently of the infection route. Gip and Ggen did not differ throughout the experiment, either on seroconversion or on PCR positivity on urine or genital samples. In contrast, Gconj presented fewer seroreactive animals (P<0.05) and fewer PCR-pos on genital samples than the other groups. The results obtained demonstrated that, although all groups presented both urinary and genital infections, the genital route was more efficient and did not differ from the traditional intraperitoneal. It indicates that genital via, besides being a naturally occurring transmission via, represents a promising and interesting route regarding future studies related to genital leptospirosis in ruminants, and its use should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Loria
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-030, Brazil
| | - L Reis
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-030, Brazil
| | - I Roussouliéres
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-030, Brazil
| | - P H N Pinto
- Pathology and Veterinary Clinics Department, Veterinary College, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24220-000, Brazil
| | - M F A Balaro
- Pathology and Veterinary Clinics Department, Veterinary College, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24220-000, Brazil
| | - W Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-030, Brazil.
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de Azevedo SS. Epidemiology of Leptospira sp. Infection: Current Status, Insights and Future Prospects. Microorganisms 2023; 12:22. [PMID: 38257849 PMCID: PMC10821098 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the scientific community has been faced with an increased risk of emerging or re-emerging zoonotic diseases, such as leptospirosis, mainly originating from anthropic actions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Rural Health and Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708-110, Brazil
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