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Kadry AA, El-Antrawy MA, El-Ganiny AM. Investigation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among extended-spectrum β-lactamase isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024:10.1038/s41429-024-00761-z. [PMID: 39090326 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are important members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, involved in many infections. The increased resistance rate towards β-lactams and fluoroquinolones -which are the main therapeutic options- limits their treatment options. This study aimed to assess the local resistance patterns against different antimicrobials and to determine the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) producers. The study revealed that 36% of clinical isolates were ESBL producers, showing high resistance rates towards β-lactams and non-β-lactams, especially sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim and fluoroquinolones. However, they were susceptible to chloramphenicol and doxycycline (33% and 20%; respectively). Also, the investigation aimed to screen the plasmid profile of quinolone-resistant ESBLs-producers and to detect the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes including qnrA, qnrS, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, and qnrVC. Moreover, the conjugative plasmid among the quinolone-resistant isolates was elucidated. The results showed that extracted plasmids of sizes ranging from ≈0.9 to 21.23 Kb, divided into 7 plasmid patterns were detected. A plasmid of approximately 21.23 Kb was found in all isolates and the QnrS gene was the most predominant gene. Moreover, the frequency of transconjugation within the same genus was higher than that recorded between different genera; where 68% of E. coli isolates transferred the resistance genes compared to Klebsiella isolates (36.6%). Plasmid profiles of transconjugants demonstrated great similarity, where 21.23 Kb plasmid was detected in all transconjugants. Since these transconjugants were quinolone-resistant ESBL producers, it has been suggested that quinolone resistance determinants might be carried on that plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Kadry
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - May A El-Antrawy
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 11152, Egypt.
| | - Amira M El-Ganiny
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Ahmed HA, Ibrahim EHS, Abdelhaliem E, Elariny EYT. Biotyping, Virulotyping and Biofilm Formation Ability of ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Nosocomial Infections. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4555-4568. [PMID: 35384170 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, molecular characterization, virulence genes, resistance genes and antimicrobial profile of nosocomial extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Klebsiella species. A total of 22 (12.2%) K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 180 clinical samples collected from hospitalized patients in Egypt. K. pneumoniae biotypes were B1 (72.8%), B3 (13.6%) and B4 (13.6%). The isolates were classified for the capsular serotypes, 86.4% (20/22) were of K1 serotype, while only two isolates (13.64%) were of K2 serotype. Hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae isolates accounted for 68.2%. Biofilm formation ability of K. pneumoniae was determined by microtitre plate method. The majority of the isolates (40.9%) were moderate biofilm producers, while 27.3% were strong biofilm producers. All K. pneumoniae strains were positive for fimH and traT genes, while magA was identified in only 63.6% of the isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates (n=22) was determined by the disc diffusion technique using 23 different antibiotics. Streptomycin and imipenem are the most effective antibiotics against 22 tested K. pneumoniae isolates with sensitivity rates of 63.64% and 54.54%, respectively. All tested K. pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance to amoxicillin∕clavulanate (100%), cefuroxime (100%) and ceftazidime (95.45%). Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) production and the presence of ESBL related genes were tested in the isolates. All the isolates tested positive for blaVIM, NDM1, and blaTEM, while only 81.8 percent tested positive for the blaSHV gene. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae causing nosocomial infections limits the use of antimicrobial agents for treatment. Furthermore, the spread of biofilm, multiple drug resistant and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates is a public threat for hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Eman H S Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ekram Abdelhaliem
- Cytology and Molecular genetics, Faculty of Science,, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Eman Y T Elariny
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
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Gad El-Rab SMF, Abo-Amer AE, Asiri AM. Biogenic Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Its Potential Use as Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1767-1779. [PMID: 32328748 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In case of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, the increased prominence of multidrug-resistance strains has become the greatest challenge in the urinary tract disease treatment. Therefore, the 16S rRNA sequencing of multidrug-resistant strains was performed, in addition to those of plasmids and genes responsible for multidrug resistance. These strains showed containing responsible genes Sulfonamides sul1, Tetracycline Tet(A), Tetracycline Tet(B), chloramphenicol catA1, β-lactams blaSHV, and cmlA. Also, the strains demonstrated resistance to at least 10 types of antibiotics or more due to carrying various plasmids. For increasing the level of public health in daily life and treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the nanomedicine was employed. Consequently, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs-E) were synthesized by employing supernatant of Escherichia hermannii strain isolated from raw milk source. The E. hermannii strain produces high concentration of ZnONPs-E compared to other strains so we used it in this study. This ZnONPs-E has a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from the concentration 10 μg/ml to 40 μg/ml against E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. The antimicrobial efficiency of ZnONPs-E was 40 µg/ml and it was superior to the reported values in literature. Moreover, SEM results evident for distorted membrane morphology, blebbing of membrane, cell elongation, and leakage of cellular contents due to ZnONPs-E activity against tested bacteria. These results indicated that the ZnONPs-E exhibited interesting antimicrobial activity against pathogenic extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) strains. The present study revealed that the active components entered in biosynthesis of ZnONPs-E pave the way to lead its effective nano-medical and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa M F Gad El-Rab
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Aly E Abo-Amer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Taif, P.O. Box 888, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohâg, 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahlam M Asiri
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Taif, P.O. Box 888, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia
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Araújo Lima AV, da Silva SM, do Nascimento Júnior JAA, Correia MDS, Luz AC, Leal-Balbino TC, da Silva MV, Lima JLDC, Maciel MAV, Napoleão TH, Oliveira MBMD, Paiva PMG. Occurrence and Diversity of Intra- and Interhospital Drug-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:802-814. [PMID: 31916896 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most relevant Gram-negative bacteria associated with hospital and opportunistic infections. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of drug-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa and biofilm formers from two public hospitals in northeastern Brazil. One hundred isolates (35 from A. baumannii and 65 from P. aeruginosa) were identified using the automated Vitek®2 Compact method (bioMérieux) and confirmed using the MALDI-TOF (MS) mass spectrometry technique. Molecular experiments were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the frequency of blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaSHV genes. The biofilm formation potential was evaluated using crystal violet in Luria Bertani Miller and trypticase soy broth culture media under the following conditions: at standard concentration, one quarter (25%) of the standard concentration and supplemented with 1% glucose. In addition, the genetic diversity of the isolates was verified by the ERIC-PCR technique. Isolates presented distinct resistance profiles with a high level of beta-lactam resistance. The highest index of genes detected was blaKPC (60%), followed by blaSHV (39%), blaVIM (8%), and blaIMP (1%). All the isolates were sensitive to the polymyxins tested and formed biofilms at different intensities. Twelve clones of A. baumannii and eight of P. aeruginosa were identified, of which few were indicative of intra- and interhospital dissemination. This study reveals the dispersion dynamics of these isolates in the hospital environment. The results demonstrate the importance of monitoring programs to combat the spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vitoria Araújo Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências/Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Sivoneide Maria da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências/Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Luz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, FIOCRUZ Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências/Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências/Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Firmo EF, Beltrão EMB, Silva FRFD, Alves LC, Brayner FA, Veras DL, Lopes ACS. Association of bla NDM-1 with bla KPC-2 and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescens clinical isolates in Brazil. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 21:255-261. [PMID: 31505299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales are frequently involved in healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) the frequency of the main genes encoding carbapenemases, 16S rRNA methylases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) as well as the mcr gene and (ii) the clonal relationship of enterobacteria isolates resistant to carbapenems and aminoglycosides from colonisation and infection in patients from hospitals in northeastern Brazil. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using an automated VITEK®2 system. Presence of carbapenemase, AME and 16S rRNA methylase genes as well as the mcr gene was determined by PCR and amplicon sequencing. Genetic variability was determined by ERIC-PCR. RESULTS A total of 35 isolates resistant to carbapenems and aminoglycosides were selected for this study. Klebsiella pneumoniae was most common (45.7%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (28.6%) and Serratia marcescens (25.7%). AME genes were found in 97.1% of isolates, most commonly aph(3')-VI and aac(6')-Ib. The blaNDM-1 and blaKPC-2 genes were detected in 25.7% and 88.6% of isolates, respectively; five isolates harboured these genes concomitantly. According to the literature, this is the first report of the association of blaNDM-1 and blaKPC-2 in P. mirabilis and S. marcescens in Brazil. The isolates showed a multiclonal profile by ERIC-PCR. CONCLUSION The emergence of blaNDM-1 associated with blaKPC-2 and AME genes in K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and S. marcescens isolates with a multiclonal profile is of concern as this limits therapeutic options. These results should alert medical authorities to establish rigorous detection methods to reduce the spread of these antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Ferreira Firmo
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Carlos Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - IAM/FIOCRUZ-PE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio André Brayner
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - IAM/FIOCRUZ-PE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dyana Leal Veras
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - IAM/FIOCRUZ-PE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina Souza Lopes
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil.
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Cavalcanti FCN, Rodrigues JF, Cabral AB, Azarias LCBD, Morais Júnior MAD, Castro CMMBD, Lopes ACDS. Relationships between phagocytosis, mucoid phenotype, and genetic characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20190089B. [PMID: 31038624 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0089-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationships between phagocytosis, and mucoid phenotype, plasmid profile and virulence, and resistance genetic characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates were evaluated. METHODS Thirty isolates were used to determine the mucoid aspect. Four were selected for analysis of phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. RESULTS Thirty percent of the samples presented the mucoid phenotype. The phagocytosis rate ranged from 21.5% to 43.43%. Phagocytosis was not correlated with the plasmid profile, but was apparently correlated with mucoid phenotype and antibiotic susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Several virulence factors act in parallel in K. pneumoniae to impair host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriane Borges Cabral
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Centro Universitário Cesmac, Maceió, AL, Brasil
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Thiol-Capped Gold Nanoparticle Biosensors for Rapid and Sensitive Visual Colorimetric Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:987-998. [PMID: 30022376 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, gold nanoparticle biosensors have been developed for rapid, precise, easy and inexpensive with high specificity and sensitivity detection of human, plant and animal pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K2 is one of the common gram-negative pathogens with high prevalence. Therefore, it is essential to provide the effective and exclusive method to detect the bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K2 strain ATCC9997 genomic DNA was applied to establish the detection protocol either with thiol-capped oligonucleotide probes and gold nanoparticles or polymerase chain reaction based on K2A gene sequence. In the presence of the genomic DNA and oligonucleotide probes, a change in the color of gold nanoparticles and maximum changes in wavelength at 550-650 nm was achieved. In addition, the result showed specificity of 15 × 105 CFU/mL and 9 pg/μL by gold nanoparticles probes. The lower limit of detection obtained by PCR method was 1 pg/μL. Moreover, results demonstrated a great specificity of the designed primers and probes for colorimetric detection assay and PCR. Colorimetric detection using gold nanoparticle probe with advantages such as the lower time required for detection and no need for expensive detection instrumentation compared to the biochemical and molecular methods could be introduced for rapid, accurate detection of the bacteria.
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RAPD PCR Profile, Antibiotic Resistance, Prevalence of armA Gene, and Detection of KPC Enzyme in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 2018:6183162. [PMID: 29623139 PMCID: PMC5829425 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6183162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitals shows the limitation of recent antibiotics used for bacterial eradication. In this study, 81 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from three hospitals in Tehran. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed the highest rates of resistance to cefotaxim (85.5%) and ceftazidime (78.3%), and the lowest rates of resistance were detected for colistin (16.9%), streptomycin (16.8%), and chloroamphenicol (21.7%). Eleven different resistance patterns were observed. Sixty-six out of 81 isolates (81.5%) were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR), and 35.8% of them belonged to A3 resistance pattern. 7.4% and 66.7% were KPC enzyme and armA gene positive, respectively. RAPD PCR assay of these bacteria showed 5 clusters, 16 single types, and 14 common types, and there was not any correlation between genetic patterns of the isolates and presence of resistance agents. Simultaneous detection of resistance-creating agents could be an important challenge for combination therapy of MDR K. pneumoniae-caused infections.
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Akya A, Elahi A, Chegenelorestani R, Rezaee M. Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant, Class I and II Integrons and Molecular Typing of CTX-M-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2018; 8:100-105. [PMID: 29744322 PMCID: PMC5932916 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_333_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an important opportunistic pathogen causes serious community and hospital-acquired infections, which is highly resistant to antibiotics. We aimed to determine the frequency of multidrug resistant (MDR) and molecular typing of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. Methodology One hundred isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from clinical samples in three general hospitals in Kermanshah. The antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production of isolates were determined using disk diffusion and combined disk methods, respectively. The blaCTX-M gene, class I and II integrons were detected using polymerase chain reaction. The blaCTX-M positive isolates were selected for genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results MDR phenotype was observed in 56% of isolates. The 40% of isolates were ESBL positive and 35 isolates contained blaCTX-M. Class I and II of integrons were detected in 50 (89.2%) and 39 (69.6%) of MDR isolates, respectively. PFGE patterns of K. pneumoniaeblaCTX-M positive isolates indicated 19 clusters (X1-19) with different genotype patterns. Conclusions The study findings highlight the concern of circulating MDR strains of K. pneumoniae with blaCTX-M and class I and II integrons in Kermanshah hospitals. The presence of integrons among isolates may facilitate the spread of new resistance genes in this bacterium. Therefore, surveillance for the spread of MDR strains of this bacterium is recommended in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Akya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nosocomial Infection Research Centre, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azam Elahi
- Nosocomial Infection Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roya Chegenelorestani
- Nosocomial Infection Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahya Rezaee
- Nosocomial Infection Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Purighalla S, Esakimuthu S, Reddy M, Varghese GK, Richard VS, Sambandamurthy VK. Discriminatory Power of Three Typing Techniques in Determining Relatedness of Nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital in India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2017; 35:361-368. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_16_308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wasfi R, Elkhatib WF, Ashour HM. Molecular typing and virulence analysis of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from Egyptian hospitals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38929. [PMID: 28004732 PMCID: PMC5177892 DOI: 10.1038/srep38929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumonia infection rates have increased dramatically. Molecular typing and virulence analysis are powerful tools that can shed light on Klebsiella pneumonia infections. Whereas 77.7% (28/36) of clinical isolates indicated multidrug resistant (MDR) patterns, 50% (18/36) indicated carpabenem resistance. Gene prevalence for the AcrAB efflux pump (82.14%) was more than that of the mdtK efflux pump (32.14%) in the MDR isolates. FimH-1 and mrkD genes were prevalent in wound and blood isolates. FimH-1 gene was prevalent in sputum while mrkD gene was prevalent in urine. Serum resistance associated with outer membrane protein coding gene (traT) was found in all blood isolates. IucC, entB, and Irp-1 were detected in 32.14%, 78.5% and 10.7% of MDR isolates, respectively. We used two Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analyses: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). ERIC-PCR revealed 21 and RAPD-PCR revealed 18 distinct patterns of isolates with similarity ≥80%. ERIC genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns and virulence determinants. RAPD genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns but not with virulence determinants. Both RAPD and ERIC genotyping methods had no correlation with the capsule types. These findings can help up better predict MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreaks associated with specific genotyping patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walid F. Elkhatib
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Souza Lopes AC, Rodrigues JF, Cabral AB, da Silva ME, Leal NC, da Silveira VM, de Morais Júnior MA. Occurrence and analysis of irp2 virulence gene in isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. from microbiota and hospital and community-acquired infections. Microb Pathog 2016; 96:15-9. [PMID: 27133266 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-five isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp., originating from hospital- and community-acquired infections and from oropharyngeal and faecal microbiota from patients in Recife-PE, Brazil, were analyzed regarding the presence of irp2 gene. This is a Yersinia typical gene involved in the synthesis of siderophore yersiniabactin. DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of irp2 gene in five K. pneumoniae, five Enterobacter aerogenes and one Enterobacter amnigenus isolates. To our knowledge in the current literature, this is the first report of the irp2 gene in E. amnigenus, a species considered an unusual human pathogen, and in K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes isolates from the normal microbiota and from community infections, respectively. Additionally, the analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequences suggest the irp2 genes derived from isolates used in this study are more closely related to that of Yersinia pestis P.CE882 than to that of Yersinia enterocolitica 8081. These data demonstrated that K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. from normal microbiota and from community- and hospital-acquired infections possess virulence factors important for the establishment of extra-intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Souza Lopes
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50.732-970, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Falcão Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Borges Cabral
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50.732-970, Brazil
| | - Maíra Espíndola da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50.732-970, Brazil
| | - Nilma Cintra Leal
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ/MS, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Venieri D, Fraggedaki A, Binas V, Zachopoulos A, Kiriakidis G, Mantzavinos D. Study of the generated genetic polymorphisms during the photocatalytic elimination of Klebsiella pneumoniae in water. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:506-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered to be an emerging pathogen persisting under extreme environmentally stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Venieri
- School of Environmental Engineering
- Technical University of Crete
- GR-73100 Chania
- Greece
| | - Antonia Fraggedaki
- School of Environmental Engineering
- Technical University of Crete
- GR-73100 Chania
- Greece
| | - Vassilios Binas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)
- FORTH
- GR-70013 Heraklion
- Greece
- Quantum Complexity & Nanotechnology Center (QCN)
| | | | - George Kiriakidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)
- FORTH
- GR-70013 Heraklion
- Greece
- Quantum Complexity & Nanotechnology Center (QCN)
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Patras
- Caratheodory 1
- University Campus
- GR-26504 Patras
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Avcıoğlu NH, Bilkay IS. Comparative assessment of five clinical Klebsiella isolates in terms of antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles / Beş farklı klinik Klebsiella türünün antibiyotik dirençliliği ile plazmid profillerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2015-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective: This study is firstly aimed to biotype and to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of Klebsiella strains which were isolated from clinical materials. Also plasmid profile types of Klebsiella species were investigated and the results were compared with each other.Methods: Klebsiella strains were biotyped by BBL Enterotube II and the antibiotic resistance was tested by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. In order to analyse Klebsiella strains genotypically, plasmid DNA’s of them were isolated and generated plasmid profile types determined by Dice coefficients of similarity.Results: According to biotyping, Klebsiella strains were distributed to five different species (K. pneumoniae, K. ornithinolytica, K. oxytoca, K. terrigena, K. rhinoscleromatis). As well as K. pneumoniae (37.33%) was the most isolated strain, K. terrigena (8.95%) which is not found to be investigated as much as other strains in the literature, was also observed. Additionally, it is determined that Klebsiella strains were resistant to at least one and at most seven antibiotics. With a similarity coefficient of 84%, it was observed that five different Klebsiella species displayed 17 different plasmid profile types. Among these profiles, P1 (52.23%) was the most observed type which exhibits >10 kbp plasmid DNA band and this profile was isolated from all strains.Conclusion: Finally, it is observed that antibiotic resistance can be due to the plasmid or chromosomal sources and different strains of the same genus may exhibit the same plasmid profile because of the plasmid transformation from one strain to another.
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de Cássia Andrade Melo R, de Barros EMR, Loureiro NG, de Melo HRL, Maciel MAV, Souza Lopes AC. Presence of fimH, mrkD, and irp2 virulence genes in KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Recife-PE, Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:824-31. [PMID: 25085544 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains can produce different virulence factors, such as fimbrial adhesins and siderophores, which are important in the colonization and development of the infection. The aims of this study were to determine the occurrence of fimH, mrkD, and irp2 virulence genes in 22 KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolates as well as 22 not producing-KPC isolates, from patients from different hospitals in Recife-PE, Brazil, and also to analyze the clonal relationship of the isolates by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). The genes were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. The bla KPC-2 gene was identified in 22 KPC-positive isolates. On analyzing the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates, it was detected that polymyxin and amikacin were the antimicrobials of best activity against K. pneumoniae. On the other hand, five isolates exhibited resistance to polymyxin. In the KPC-positive group, was observed a high rate of resistance to cephalosporins, followed by carbapenems. Molecular typing by ERIC-PCR detected 38 genetic profiles, demonstrating a multiclonal spread of the isolates analyzed. It was observed that the virulence genes irp2, mrkD, and fimH were seen to have together a higher frequency in the KPC-positive group. The accumulation of virulence genes of KPC-positive K. pneumoniae isolates, observed in this study, along with the multi-resistance impose significant therapeutic limitations on the treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Andrade Melo
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Morais Rego, s/n., Recife, PE, 50.732-970, Brazil,
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Al-Moghazy M, Boveri S, Pulvirenti A. Microbiological safety in pistachios and pistachio containing products. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cabral AB, Melo RDCDA, Maciel MAV, Lopes ACS. Multidrug resistance genes, including bla(KPC) and bla(CTX)-M-2, among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Recife, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 45:572-8. [PMID: 23152339 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of cephalosporins and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains is rising in Brazil, with potential serious consequences in terms of patients' outcomes and general care. METHODS This study characterized 24 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from two hospitals in Recife, Brazil, through the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, analyses of β-lactamase genes (bla(TEM), bla(SHV),bla(CTX-M), bla(KPC), bla(VIM), bla(IMP), and bla(SPM), plasmidial profile and ERIC-PCR (Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction). RESULTS ERIC-PCR and plasmidial analysis grouped the isolates in 17 and 19 patterns, respectively. Six isolates from one hospital presented the same pattern by ERIC-PCR, indicating clonal dissemination. All isolates presented bla(SHV), 62.5% presented bla(CTX)-M-2, 29% bla(TEM), and 41.7% bla(KPC). Metallo-β-lactamase genes bla(VIM), bla(IMP), and bla(SPM) not detected. Eleven isolates were identified carrying at least 3 β-lactamase studied genes, and 2 isolates carried bla(SHV), bla(TEM), bla (CTX-M-2) and bla(KPC) simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of resistance genes in some strains, observed in this study, imposes limitations in the therapeutic options available for the treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae in Recife, Brazil. These results should alert the Brazilian medical authorities to establish rigorous methods for more efficiently control the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in the hospital environment.
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Prevalence of the bla (SHV) gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates obtained from hospital and community infections and from the microbiota of healthy individuals in Recife, Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2011; 62:1610-6. [PMID: 21359845 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the bla (SHV) gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from hospital and community infections and from the normal microbiota of healthy individuals in Recife, PE, Brazil. Fifty-two K. pneumoniae isolates were analyzed regarding the presence of the bla (SHV) gene, using PCR, and eight isolates were analyzed by DNA sequencing. This gene was detected in 16 isolates from hospital infections, four from community infections, and nine from the normal microbiota. This was the first study to find the bla (SHV) gene in K. pneumoniae isolates from the normal microbiota. Through DNA sequencing of eight K. pneumoniae isolates from hospital and community infections, with a resistance phenotype indicative of extended-spectrum β-lactamase production, a new SHV variant named SHV-122 was found. We also detected the presence of bla (SHV-1), bla (SHV-11), bla (SHV-28), and bla (SHV-108). The results show that in Recife, Brazil, K. pneumoniae isolates that presented resistance to oxyimino-β-lactams had high prevalence and diversity of the bla (SHV) gene. We also conclude that there was a high presence of the bla (SHV) gene among isolates from the normal microbiota of healthy individuals.
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Phylogenetic groups among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Brazil: relationship with antimicrobial resistance and origin. Curr Microbiol 2011; 62:1596-601. [PMID: 21350801 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of phylogenetic groups among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Recife, Brazil and to assess the relationship between the groups and the isolation sites and resistance profile. Ninety four isolates of K. pneumoniae from hospital or community infections and from normal microbiota were analyzed by gyrA PCR-RFLP, antibiotic susceptibility, and adonitol fermentation. The results revealed the distinction of three phylogenetic groups, as it has also been reported in Europe, showing that these clusters are highly conserved within K. pneumoniae. Group KpI was dominantly represented by hospital and community isolates while groups KpII and KpIII displayed mainly normal microbiota isolates. The resistance to third generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and streptomycin was only observed in KpI. The percentage of resistance was higher in KpI, followed by KpII and KpIII. The differences in the distribution of K. pneumoniae phylogenetic groups observed in this study suggest distinctive clinical and epidemiological characteristics among the three groups, which is important to understand the epidemiology of infections caused by this organism. This is the first study in Brazil on K. pneumoniae isolates from normal microbiota and community infections regarding the distribution of phylogenetic groups based on the gyrA gene.
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Lopes ACS, Veras DL, Lima AMS, Melo RDCA, Ayala J. bla(CTX-M-2) and bla(CTX-M-28) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes and class 1 integrons in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:163-7. [PMID: 20428675 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-eight Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates that exhibited an extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance profile from a city in the Northeast of Brazil were analysed by PCR and DNA sequencing in order to determine the occurrence of blaCTX-M genes and class 1 integrons. We determined the occurrence of the blaCTX-M-2 gene in six K. pneumoniae isolates and describe the first detection of the blaCTX-M-28 gene in South America. Seven isolates carried class 1 integrons. Partial sequencing analysis of the 5'-3'CS variable region in the class 1 integrons of three isolates revealed the presence of aadA1, blaOXA-2 and dfr22 gene cassettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina S Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
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Ahmed SH, Daef EA, Badary MS, Mahmoud MA, Abd-Elsayed AA. Nosocomial blood stream infection in intensive care units at Assiut University Hospitals (Upper Egypt) with special reference to extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:76. [PMID: 19419535 PMCID: PMC2694819 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study investigated the nosocomial blood stream infection (BSI) in the adult ICUs in Assiut university hospitals to evaluate the rate of infection in different ICUs, causative microorganisms, antimicrobial resistance, outcome of infection, risk factors, prevalence of extended spectrum B-lactamase producing organisms and molecular typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains to highlight the role of environment as a potential source of nosocomial BSI. Methods This study was conducted over a period of 12 months from January 2006 to December 2006. All Patients admitted to the different adult ICUs were monitored daily by attending physicians for subsequent development of nosocomial BSI. Blood cultures were collected from suspected patients to detect the causative organisms. After antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of ESBLs was conducted among gram negative isolates. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were tested by PCR to determine the most common group of B-lactamase genes responsible for resistance. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from infected patients and those isolated from the environment were typed by RAPD technique to investigate the role of environment in transmission of infection. Results The study included 2095 patients who were admitted to different ICUs at Assiut University Hospitals from January 2006 to December 2006. Blood samples were collected from infected patients for blood cultures. The colonies were identified and antibiotic sensitivities were performed. This study showed that the rate of nosocomial BSI was 75 per 1000 ICU admissions with the highest percentages in Trauma ICU (17%). Out of 159 patients with primary bloodstream infection, 61 patients died representing a crude mortality rate of 38%. Analysis of the organisms causing BSI showed that Gram positive organisms were reported in 69.1% (n = 121); MRSA was the most prevalent (18.9%), followed by methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (16%). Gram negative bacilli were reported in 29.1% (n = 51). In this case, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common (10.3%) followed E coli (8.6%). Candida spp. was reported only in (1.7%) of isolates. Antibiotics sensitivities of Gram positive organisms showed that these organisms were mostly sensitive to vancomycin (90.1%), while Gram negative organisms were mostly sensitive to imipenem (90.2%). In this study we tested Gram negative isolates for the production of the ESBL enzyme and concluded that 64.7% (33/51) of patients' isolates and 20/135 (14.8%) environmental isolates were confirmed to be ESBL producers. The type of β-lactamase gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction which showed that SHV was the main type. Molecular typing was done for 18 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that caused nosocomial BSI and for the 36 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains which were isolated from the environmental samples by the RAPD method. The two environmental strains were identical, with one isolated from a patient, which confirms the serious role of the hospital environment in the spread of infections. Conclusion Nosocomial BSI represents a current problem in Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. Problems associated with BSI include infection with multidrug resistant pathogens (especially ESBLs) which are difficult to treat and are associated with increased mortality. Of all available anti-microbial agents, carbapenems are the most active and reliable treatment options for infections caused by ESBL isolates. However, overuse of carbapenems may lead to resistance of other Gram-negative organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban H Ahmed
- Department of Public Health and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Lopes ACS, Rodrigues JF, Clementino MBM, Miranda CAC, Nascimento APA, de Morais Júnior MA. Application of PCR ribotyping and tDNA-PCR for Klebsiella pneumoniae identification. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102:827-32. [PMID: 17992365 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR analysis of 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (PCR ribotyping) and tRNA intergenic spacer (tDNA-PCR) were evaluated for their effectiveness in identification of clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and differentiation with related species. For this purpose both methods were applied to forty-three clinical isolates biochemically identified as K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolated from patients clinical specimens attended at five hospitals in three Brazilian cities. References strains of K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae, K. oxytoca, K. planticola and Enterobacter aerogenes were also analyzed. Both PCR methods showed specific patterns for each species. A conserved PCR ribotype pattern was observed for all clinical K. pneumoniae isolates, while differing from other related analyzed species. tDNA-PCR revealed five distinct patterns among the K. pneumoniae clinical isolates studied, demonstrating a predominant group with 90.6% of isolates presenting the same pattern of K. pneumoniae type strain. Both PCR-based methods were not able to differentiate K. pneumoniae subspecies. On the basis of the results obtained, both methods were efficient to differentiate the Klebsiella species analyzed, as well as E. aerogenes. Meanwhile tDNA-PCR revealed different tRNA arrangements in K. pneumoniae, suggesting intra-species heterogeneity of their genome organization, the polymorphism of the intergenic spacers between 16S and 23S rRNA genes appears to be highly conserved whithin K. pneumoniae clinical isolates, showing that PCR ribotyping can be an useful tool for identification of K. pneumoniae isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina S Lopes
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50732-970, Brazil.
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Prado T, Pereira WC, Silva DM, Seki LM, Carvalho APD, Asensi MD. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in effluents and sludge of a hospital sewage treatment plant. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 46:136-41. [PMID: 17983431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To detect ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae present in the effluents and sludge of a hospital sewage treatment plant, evaluating the treatment plant's potential to remove these micro-organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty samples (crude sewage, UASB reactor effluent, filtered effluent and sludge) were collected in the period from May to December 2006, in order to analyse antimicrobial susceptibility and to check ESBL production, the disc-diffusion and the combined disc methods were used. Total and faecal coliform concentrations were also determined. ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were detected in all samples analysed, representing 46 x 5% of the total strains isolated. Among the non-ESBL-producing strains, 26% were multiresistant and one strain resistant to eight of the nine antimicrobials tested was detected in the treated effluent. CONCLUSIONS The hospital wastewater treatment plant did not show a satisfactory efficacy in removing pathogenic micro-organisms, allowing for the dissemination of multiresistant bacteria into the environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The inefficacy of hospital wastewater treatment plants can result in routes of dissemination of multiresistant bacteria and their genes of resistance into the environment, thus contaminating water resources, and having serious negative impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prado
- Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health - Public Health National School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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Haryani Y, Noorzaleha A, Fatimah A, Noorjahan B, Patrick G, Shamsinar A, Laila R, Son R. Incidence of Klebsiella pneumonia in street foods sold in Malaysia and their characterization by antibiotic resistance, plasmid profiling, and RAPD–PCR analysis. Food Control 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alves MS, Dias RCDS, de Castro ACD, Riley LW, Moreira BM. Identification of clinical isolates of indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella spp. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3640-6. [PMID: 16928968 PMCID: PMC1594763 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00940-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical methods employed to classify bacterial species have limitations and may have contributed to the taxonomic complexity recently reported for the genus Klebsiella. The objective of the present study was to apply a simple biochemical test panel to classify a collection of human Klebsiella isolates. We found that with only three additional tests, it is possible to place most isolates in a defined species. Analysis of a 512-bp sequence of the rpoB gene was used as the reference. A total of 16 conventional and 4 supplementary tests were used to evaluate 122 recent isolates identified as Klebsiella from 120 patients, isolated at the clinical laboratory of a university hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Of these, 102 (84%) isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae or Klebsiella variicola, 19 (15%) as Klebsiella oxytoca, and 1 (1%) as Raoultella planticola. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR typing revealed a diversity of genotypes. rpoB gene sequencing confirmed the phenotypic identification and detected five K. variicola isolates among the K. pneumoniae/K. variicola group. Three additional tests that include growth at 10 degrees C and histamine and d-melezitose assimilation should be considered essential tests for the typing of Klebsiella isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Silvana Alves
- Faculdade de Farmácia e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Spacov ICG, Silva SAMD, Morais Júnior MAD, Morais MMCD. Polymorphism of the rDNA and tDNA loci in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a perspective for molecular epidemiology surveillance. Genet Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572006000400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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