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Desmarets L, Millot M, Chollet-Krugler M, Boustie J, Camuzet C, François N, Rouillé Y, Belouzard S, Tomasi S, Mambu L, Séron K. Lichen or Associated Micro-Organism Compounds Are Active against Human Coronaviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1859. [PMID: 37766264 PMCID: PMC10536056 DOI: 10.3390/v15091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts have been made to identify antiviral compounds against human coronaviruses. With the aim of increasing the diversity of molecule scaffolds, 42 natural compounds, of which 28 were isolated from lichens and 14 from their associated microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), were screened against human coronavirus HCoV-229E. (2) Methods: Antiviral assays were performed using HCoV-229E in Huh-7 and Huh-7/TMPRSS2 cells and SARS-CoV-2 in a Vero-81-derived clone with a GFP reporter probe. (3) Results: Four lichen compounds, including chloroatranol, emodin, perlatolic acid and vulpinic acid, displayed high activities against HCoV-229E (IC50 = 68.86, 59.25, 16.42 and 14.58 μM, respectively) and no toxicity at active concentrations. Kinetics studies were performed to determine their mode of action. The four compounds were active when added at the replication step. Due to their significant activity, they were further tested on SARS-CoV-2. Perlatolic acid was shown to be active against SARS-CoV-2. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results show that lichens are a source of interesting antiviral agents against human coronaviruses. Moreover, perlatolic acid might be further studied for its pan-coronavirus antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowiese Desmarets
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR9017—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France; (L.D.); (Y.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Marion Millot
- Univ. Limoges, Laboratoire LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Marylène Chollet-Krugler
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France; (M.C.-K.); (J.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Joël Boustie
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France; (M.C.-K.); (J.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Charline Camuzet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR9017—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France; (L.D.); (Y.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Nathan François
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR9017—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France; (L.D.); (Y.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR9017—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France; (L.D.); (Y.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Sandrine Belouzard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR9017—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France; (L.D.); (Y.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Sophie Tomasi
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France; (M.C.-K.); (J.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Lengo Mambu
- Univ. Limoges, Laboratoire LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Karin Séron
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR9017—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France; (L.D.); (Y.R.); (S.B.)
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Kumari M, Kamat S, Singh SK, Kumar A, Jayabaskaran C. Inhibition of Autophagy Increases Cell Death in HeLa Cells through Usnic Acid Isolated from Lichens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:519. [PMID: 36771602 PMCID: PMC9919968 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Western Ghats, India, is a hotspot for lichen diversity. However, the pharmacological importance of lichen-associated metabolites remains untapped. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of lichens of this region. For this, sixteen macrolichens were collected and identified from two locations in the Western Ghats. The acetone extract of Usnea cornuta (UC2A) showed significant cytotoxicity towards multiple human cancer cell lines. Interestingly, co-treatment with chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, increased the cytotoxic potential of the UC2A extract. A gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) study revealed usnic acid (UA), atraric acid and barbatic acid as the dominant cytotoxic compounds in the UC2A extract. Further, UA was purified and identified from the UC2A extract and evaluated for cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. The monodansyl cadaverine and mitotracker red double staining revealed the autophagy-inducing activities of UA, and the inhibition of autophagy was confirmed via CQ treatment. Autophagy inhibition increased the cytotoxicity of UA by 12-16% in a concentration-dependent manner. It also increased lipid peroxidation, ROS levels and mitochondrial depolarization and decreased glutathione availability. A decrease in zeta potential and a 40% increase in caspase 3/7 activity were also noted after CQ treatment of UA-treated cells. Thus, cytotoxicity of UA can be increased by inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Siya Kamat
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - C. Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Bacha SAS, Li Y, Nie J, Xu G, Han L, Farooq S. Comprehensive review on patulin and Alternaria toxins in fruit and derived products. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139757. [PMID: 37077634 PMCID: PMC10108681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain fungi, which can contaminate various food commodities, including fruits and their derived products. Patulin and Alternaria toxins are among the most commonly encountered mycotoxins in fruit and their derived products. In this review, the sources, toxicity, and regulations related to these mycotoxins, as well as their detection and mitigation strategies are widely discussed. Patulin is a mycotoxin produced mainly by the fungal genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys. Alternaria toxins, produced by fungi in the Alternaria genus, are another common group of mycotoxins found in fruits and fruit products. The most prevalent Alternaria toxins are alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME). These mycotoxins are of concern due to their potential negative effects on human health. Ingesting fruits contaminated with these mycotoxins can cause acute and chronic health problems. Detection of patulin and Alternaria toxins in fruit and their derived products can be challenging due to their low concentrations and the complexity of the food matrices. Common analytical methods, good agricultural practices, and contamination monitoring of these mycotoxins are important for safe consumption of fruits and derived products. And Future research will continue to explore new methods for detecting and managing these mycotoxins, with the ultimate goal of ensuring the safety and quality of fruits and derived product supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Asim Shah Bacha
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinping Li
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Jiyun Nie, ; Yinping Li,
| | - Jiyun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jiyun Nie, ; Yinping Li,
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingxi Han
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, China
| | - Saqib Farooq
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
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Miral A, Jargeat P, Mambu L, Rouaud I, Tranchimand S, Tomasi S. Microbial community associated with the crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum L. (DC.) living on oceanic seashore: A large source of diversity revealed by using multiple isolation methods. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:856-872. [PMID: 35860838 PMCID: PMC9796121 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the study of the interactions within a microcosm between hosts and their associated microbial communities drew an unprecedented interest arising from the holobiont concept. Lichens, a symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga, are redefined as complex ecosystems considering the tremendous array of associated microorganisms that satisfy this concept. The present study focuses on the diversity of the microbiota associated with the seashore located lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum, recovered by different culture-dependent methods. Samples harvested from two sites allowed the isolation and the molecular identification of 68 fungal isolates distributed in 43 phylogenetic groups, 15 bacterial isolates distributed in five taxonomic groups and three microalgae belonging to two species. Moreover, for 12 fungal isolates belonging to 10 different taxa, the genus was not described in GenBank. These fungal species have never been sequenced or described and therefore non-studied. All these findings highlight the novel and high diversity of the microflora associated with R. geographicum. While many species disappear every day, this work suggests that coastal and wild environments still contain an unrevealed variety to offer and that lichens constitute a great reservoir of new microbial taxa which can be recovered by multiplying the culture-dependent techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Miral
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)‐UMR 6226RennesFrance
| | - Patricia Jargeat
- UMR 5174 UPS‐CNRS‐IRD Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, EDBUniversité Toulouse‐3, Bât 4R1ToulouseFrance
| | - Lengo Mambu
- EA 7500 Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de PharmacieUniversité de LimogesLimoges CedexFrance
| | - Isabelle Rouaud
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)‐UMR 6226RennesFrance
| | - Sylvain Tranchimand
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)‐UMR 6226Université de RennesRennesFrance
| | - Sophie Tomasi
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)‐UMR 6226RennesFrance
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Toure S, Millot M, Ory L, Roullier C, Khaldi Z, Pichon V, Girardot M, Imbert C, Mambu L. Access to Anti-Biofilm Compounds from Endolichenic Fungi Using a Bioguided Networking Screening. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101012. [PMID: 36294577 PMCID: PMC9604612 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endolichenic microorganisms represent a new source of bioactive natural compounds. Lichens, resulting from a symbiotic association between algae or cyanobacteria and fungi, constitute an original ecological niche for these microorganisms. Endolichenic fungi inhabiting inside the lichen thallus have been isolated and characterized. By cultivation on three different culture media, endolichenic fungi gave rise to a wide diversity of bioactive metabolites. A total of 38 extracts were screened for their anti-maturation effect on Candida albicans biofilms. The 10 most active ones, inducing at least 50% inhibition, were tested against 24 h preformed biofilms of C. albicans, using a reference strain and clinical isolates. The global molecular network was associated to bioactivity data in order to identify and priorize active natural product families. The MS-targeted isolation led to the identification of new oxygenated fatty acid in Preussia persica endowed with an interesting anti-biofilm activity against C. albicans yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seinde Toure
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, University Limoges, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Marion Millot
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, University Limoges, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Lucie Ory
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer (ISOMer), Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Roullier
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer (ISOMer), Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Zineb Khaldi
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, University Limoges, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Valentin Pichon
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, University Limoges, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Marion Girardot
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), University Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Christine Imbert
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), University Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Lengo Mambu
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, University Limoges, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-55-43-58-34
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Healy RA, Arnold AE, Bonito G, Huang YL, Lemmond B, Pfister DH, Smith ME. Endophytism and endolichenism in Pezizomycetes: the exception or the rule? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1974-1983. [PMID: 34839525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne A Healy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin Lemmond
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138-2020, USA
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Early-diverging fungal phyla: taxonomy, species concept, ecology, distribution, anthropogenic impact, and novel phylogenetic proposals. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021; 109:59-98. [PMID: 34608378 PMCID: PMC8480134 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of new fungal species described from all over the world along with the use of genetics to define taxa, has dramatically changed the classification system of early-diverging fungi over the past several decades. The number of phyla established for non-Dikarya fungi has increased from 2 to 17. However, to date, both the classification and phylogeny of the basal fungi are still unresolved. In this article, we review the recent taxonomy of the basal fungi and re-evaluate the relationships among early-diverging lineages of fungal phyla. We also provide information on the ecology and distribution in Mucoromycota and highlight the impact of chytrids on amphibian populations. Species concepts in Chytridiomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Rozellomycota, Neocallimastigomycota are discussed in this paper. To preserve the current application of the genus Nephridiophaga (Chytridiomycota: Nephridiophagales), a new type species, Nephridiophaga blattellae, is proposed.
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Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Endolichenic Fungi in Jeju Island, South Korea. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms containing diverse microorganisms. Endolichenic fungi (ELF) are one of the inhabitants living in lichen thalli, and have potential ecological and industrial applications due to their various secondary metabolites. As the function of endophytic fungi on the plant ecology and ecosystem sustainability, ELF may have an influence on the lichen diversity and the ecosystem, functioning similarly to the influence of endophytic fungi on plant ecology and ecosystem sustainability, which suggests the importance of understanding the diversity and community pattern of ELF. In this study, we investigated the diversity and the factors influencing the community structure of ELF in Jeju Island, South Korea by analyzing 619 fungal isolates from 79 lichen samples in Jeju Island. A total of 112 ELF species was identified and the most common species belonged to Xylariales in Sordariomycetes. The richness and community structure of ELF were significantly influenced by the host taxonomy, together with the photobiont types and environmental factors. Our results suggest that various lichen species in more diverse environments need to be analyzed to expand our knowledge of the diversity and ecology of ELF.
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Lagarde A, Millot M, Pinon A, Liagre B, Girardot M, Imbert C, Ouk T, Jargeat P, Mambu L. Antiproliferative and antibiofilm potentials of endolichenic fungi associated with the lichen
Nephroma laevigatum. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1044-1058. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lagarde
- Département de Pharmacognosie Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - M. Millot
- Département de Pharmacognosie Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - A. Pinon
- Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - B. Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - M. Girardot
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Écologie et biologie des interactions Université de Poitiers Poitiers France
| | - C. Imbert
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Écologie et biologie des interactions Université de Poitiers Poitiers France
| | - T.S. Ouk
- Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - P. Jargeat
- UMR 5174 UPS‐CNRS‐IRD, Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique Université de Toulouse 3 Toulouse France
| | - L. Mambu
- Département de Pharmacognosie Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
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