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Kamber A, Bulut Albayrak C, Harsa HS. Studies on the Probiotic, Adhesion, and Induction Properties of Artisanal Lactic Acid Bacteria: to Customize a Gastrointestinal Niche to Trigger Anti-obesity Functions. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10357-6. [PMID: 39382740 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The primary goals of this work are to explore the potential of probiotic lactic acid bacteria's (LAB) mucin/mucus layer thickening properties and to identify anti-obesity candidate strains that improve appropriate habitat for use with the Akkermansia group population in the future. The HT-29 cell binding, antimicrobial properties, adhesion to the mucin/mucus layer, growth in the presence of mucin, stability during in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) conditions, biofilm formation, and mucin/mucus thickness increment abilities were all assessed for artisanal LAB strains. Sixteen LAB strains out of 40 were chosen for further analysis based on their ability to withstand GI conditions. Thirteen strains remained viable in simulated intestinal fluid, while most showed high viability in gastric juice simulation. Furthermore, 35.9-65.4% of those 16 bacteria adhered to the mucin layer. Besides, different lactate levels were produced, and Streptococcus thermophilus UIN9 exhibited the highest biofilm development. In the HT-29 cell culture, the highest mucin levels were 333.87 µg/mL with O. AK8 at 50 mM lactate, 313.38 µg/mL with Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL-B 1910 with initial mucin, and 311.41 µg/mL with Lacticaseibacillus casei NRRL-B 441 with initial mucin and 50 mM lactate. Nine LAB strains have been proposed as anti-obesity candidates, with olive isolates of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum being particularly important due to their ability to avoid mucin sugar consumption. Probiotic LAB's attachment to the colonic mucosa and its ability to stimulate HT-29 cells to secrete mucus are critical mechanisms that may support the development of Akkermansia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kamber
- Food Engineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, Engineering Faculty, 35430, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - C Bulut Albayrak
- Food Engineering Department, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Engineering Faculty, 09100, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - H S Harsa
- Food Engineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, Engineering Faculty, 35430, Izmir, Türkiye.
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2
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Turocy T, Crawford JM. Bacterial small molecule metabolites implicated in gastrointestinal cancer development. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01103-4. [PMID: 39375475 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Numerous associations have been identified between cancer and the composition and function of the human microbiome. As cancer remains the second leading global cause of mortality, investigating the carcinogenic contributions of microbiome members could advance our understanding of cancer risk and support potential therapeutic interventions. Although fluctuations in bacterial species have been associated with cancer progression, studying their small molecule metabolites offers one avenue to establish support for causal relationships and the molecular mechanisms governing host-microorganism interactions. In this Review, we explore the expanding repertoire of small molecule metabolites and their mechanisms implicated in the risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayah Turocy
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Dang Z, Yang B, Xia P, Huang J, Liao J, Li Y, Tang S, Han Q, Luo S, Xia Y. Antimicrobial susceptibilities, resistance mechanisms and molecular characteristics of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile isolates in a large teaching hospital in Chongqing, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 38:198-204. [PMID: 39048055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clostridioides difficile ranks among the primary sources of healthcare-related infections and diarrhoea in numerous nations. We evaluated the drug susceptibility and resistance mechanisms of C. difficile isolates from a hospital in Chongqing, China, and identified resistance rates and resistance mechanisms that differed from previous findings. METHODS The toxin genes and drug resistance genes of clinical strains were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and these strains were subjected to Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). The agar dilution technique was employed for assessing susceptibility of antibiotics. Clinical data collection was completed through a review of electronic medical records. RESULTS A total of 67 strains of toxin-producing C. difficile were detected. All C. difficile isolates demonstrated susceptibility to both metronidazole and vancomycin. However, resistance was observed in 8.95%, 16.42%, 56.72%, 56.72%, 31.34% and 5.97% of the isolates for tigecycline, tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, moxifloxacin and rifampin, respectively. Among the strains with toxin genotypes A + B + CDT - and belonging to the ST3, six strains exhibited reduced susceptibility to tigecycline (MIC=0.5mg/L) and tetracycline (MIC=8mg/L). The tetA(P) and tetB(P) genes were present in these six strains, but were absent in tetracycline-resistant strains. Resistance genes (ermB, tetM, tetA(P) and tetB(P)) and mutations (in gyrA, gyrB, and rpoB) were identified in resistant strains. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to prior studies, we found higher proportions of ST3 isolates with decreased tigecycline sensitivity, sharing similar resistance patterns and resistance genes. In the resistance process of tigecycline and tetracycline, the tetA(P) and tetB(P) genes may play a weak role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Dang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingxue Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiwen Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinzhu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqiong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengli Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Li X, Xiao F, Wang X, Ye L, Xiao Y, Li D, Zhang T, Wang Y. Gut Microbial and Metabolic Features Associated With Clostridioides difficile Infection Recurrence in Children. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae506. [PMID: 39319090 PMCID: PMC11420671 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a critical clinical issue due to the increase in incidence and difficulty in treatment. We aimed to identify gut microbial and metabolic features associated with disease recurrence in a group of pediatric CDI patients. Methods A total of 84 children with primary CDI were prospectively enrolled in the study. Fecal samples collected at the initial diagnosis were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics analysis to profile the bacterial composition and metabolome. Results Twenty-six of 84 (31.0%) pediatric CDI patients experienced recurrence. The alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota was significantly lower in the recurrent group than in the nonrecurrent group, and the beta diversity was different from that of the nonrecurrent group. Taxonomic profiles revealed that the relative abundances of multiple bacterial taxa significantly differed between the recurrent and nonrecurrent groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis identified several bacterial genera that discriminated between recurrent and nonrecurrent groups, including Parabacteroides, Coprococcus, Dialister, and Clostridium. Recurrent bacteria presented lower abundances of several short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, Clostridium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus), which were correlated with reduced fecal SCFA levels. In addition, several bile acids, including lithocholic acid (LCA), 12-ketoLCA, trihydroxycholestanoic acid, and deoxycholic acid, were decreased in recurrent patients. Conclusions Our study suggests that the differing gut microbiota profiles in pediatric CDI patients may contribute to disease recurrence by modulating SCFA concentrations and bile acid profiles. The gut microbiota and metabolite signatures may be used to predict disease recurrence in children with CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Gurung B, Stricklin M, Wang S. Gut Microbiota-Gut Metabolites and Clostridioides difficile Infection: Approaching Sustainable Solutions for Therapy. Metabolites 2024; 14:74. [PMID: 38276309 PMCID: PMC10819375 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. With the combination of a high rate of antibiotic resistance and recurrence, it has proven to be a debilitating public health threat. Current treatments for CDI include antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, which contribute to recurrent CDIs and potential risks. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to develop new preventative treatment strategies for CDI. Notably, gut microbiota dysbiosis is the primary risk factor for CDI and provides a promising target for developing novel CDI therapy approaches. Along with gut microbiota dysbiosis, a reduction in important gut metabolites like secondary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also seen in patients suffering from CDI. In this review study, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota and gut microbiota-derived gut metabolites, especially secondary bile acids and SCFAs in CDI pathogenesis. Moreover, specific signatures of gut microbiota and gut metabolites, as well as different factors that can modulate the gut microbiota, were also discussed, indicating that gut microbiota modulators like probiotics and prebiotics can be a potential therapeutic strategy for CDI as they can help restore gut microbiota and produce gut metabolites necessary for a healthy gut. The understanding of the associations between gut microbiota-gut metabolites and CDI will allow for developing precise and sustainable approaches, distinct from antibiotics and fecal transplant, for mitigating CDI and other gut microbiota dysbiosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Gurung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (B.G.); (M.S.)
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Interdisciplinary Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Maranda Stricklin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (B.G.); (M.S.)
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (B.G.); (M.S.)
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Amin U, Jiang R, Raza SM, Fan M, Liang L, Feng N, Li X, Yang Y, Guo F. Gut-joint axis: Oral Probiotic ameliorates Osteoarthritis. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:26-39. [PMID: 38223812 PMCID: PMC10785157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) etiology is multifactorial, and its prevalence is growing globally. The Gut microbiota shapes our immune system and impacts all aspects of health and disease. The idea of utilizing probiotics to treat different conditions prevails. Concerning musculoskeletal illness and health, current data lack the link to understand the interactions between the host and microbiome. We report that S. thermophilus, L. pentosus (as probiotics), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) harbour against osteoarthritis in vivo and alleviate IL-1β induced changes in chondrocytes in vitro. We examined the increased GABA concentration in mice's serum and small intestine content followed by bacterial treatment. The treatment inhibited the catabolism of cartilage and rescued mice joints from degradation. Furthermore, the anabolic markers upregulated and decreased inflammatory markers in mice knee joints and chondrocytes. This study is the first to represent GABA's chondrogenic and chondroprotective effects on joints and human chondrocytes. This data provides a foundation for future studies to elucidate the role of GABA in regulating chondrocyte cell proliferation. These findings opened future horizons to understanding the gut-joint axis and OA treatment. Thus, probiotic/GABA therapy shields OA joints in mice and could at least serve as adjuvant therapy to treat osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Amin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shahid Masood Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mengtian Fan
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Naibo Feng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyou Yang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Muthubharathi BC, Ravichandiran V, Balamurugan K. Distinct global metabolomic profiles of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans during interactions with Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Mol Omics 2023; 19:574-584. [PMID: 37272185 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interactive network of hosts with pathogenic microbes is still questionable. It has been hypothesized and reported that the host shows altered regulatory mechanisms for different pathogens. Several studies using transcriptomics and proteomics revealed the altered pathways and sequential regulations displayed by the host during bacterial interactions. Still, there is a gap in understanding the triggering molecule at transcriptomic and proteomic levels due to the lack of the knowledge of the interactive metabolites produced during their interactions. In this study, the global metabolomic approach was performed in the nematode model organism Caenorhabditis elegans upon exposure to a Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, and a Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and the whole metabolome was categorized as endo-metabolome (internally produced) and exo-metabolome (externally releasing). The extracted metabolites were subjected to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ESI-LC/qToF-MS/MS). In total 5578, 4554 and 4046 endo-metabolites and 4451, 3625 and 1281 exo-metabolites were identified in C. elegans when exposed to E. coli OP50, S. Typhi and S. aureus, respectively. Both the multivariate and univariate analyses were performed. The variation in endo- and exo-metabolome during candidate bacterial interactions was observed. The results indicated that, during S. aureus interaction, the exclusively enriched metabolites were significantly involved in alpha-linoleic acid metabolism. Similarly, the exclusively enriched metabolites during the interaction of S. Typhi were significantly involved in the phosphatidylinositol signalling system. The whole metabolomic profile presented here will build the scope to understand the role of metabolites and the respective pathways in host response during the early period of bacterial infections.
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Horvat S, Mahnic A, Makuc D, Pečnik K, Plavec J, Rupnik M. Children gut microbiota exhibits a different composition and metabolic profile after in vitro exposure to Clostridioides difficile and increases its sporulation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042526. [PMID: 36569098 PMCID: PMC9780542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile) infection (CDI) is one of the main public health concerns in adults, while children under 2 years of age are often colonized asymptomatically. In both adults and children, CDI is strongly associated with disturbances in gut microbiota. In this study, an in-vitro model of children gut microbiota was challenged with vegetative cells or a conditioned media of six different toxigenic C. difficile strains belonging to the ribotypes 027, 078, and 176. In the presence of C. difficile or conditioned medium the children gut microbiota diversity decreased and all main phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) were affected. The NMR metabolic spectra divided C. difficile exposed children gut microbiota into three clusters. The grouping correlated with nine metabolites (short chain fatty acids, ethanol, phenolic acids and tyramine). All strains were able to grow in the presence of children gut microbiota and showed a high sporulation rate of up to 57%. This high sporulation rate in combination with high asymptomatic carriage in children could contribute to the understanding of the reported role of children in C. difficile transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Horvat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aleksander Mahnic
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia,Centre for Medical Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Pečnik
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Rupnik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia,Centre for Medical Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Maja Rupnik,
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Xu Q, Zhang S, Quan J, Wu Z, Gu S, Chen Y, Zheng B, Lv L, Li L. The evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation vs vancomycin in a Clostridioides difficile infection model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6689-6700. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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