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Zhang Y, Wang Y. Machine learning applications for multi-source data of edible crops: A review of current trends and future prospects. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100860. [PMID: 37780348 PMCID: PMC10534232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and safety of edible crops are key links inseparable from human health and nutrition. In the era of rapid development of artificial intelligence, using it to mine multi-source information on edible crops provides new opportunities for industrial development and market supervision of edible crops. This review comprehensively summarized the applications of multi-source data combined with machine learning in the quality evaluation of edible crops. Multi-source data can provide more comprehensive and rich information from a single data source, as it can integrate different data information. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning is applied to data analysis to achieve different requirements for the quality evaluation of edible crops. Emphasized the advantages and disadvantages of techniques and analysis methods, the problems that need to be overcome, and promising development directions were proposed. To monitor the market in real-time, the quality evaluation methods of edible crops must be innovated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
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2
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Mateus Pereira de Souza N, Hunter Machado B, Koche A, Beatriz Fernandes da Silva Furtado L, Becker D, Antonio Corbellini V, Rieger A. Detection of metabolic syndrome with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics in blood plasma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122135. [PMID: 36442341 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of 3 or more risk factor (abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL-c, high blood pressure, and elevated blood glucose) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Considering these systemic metabolic changes in the biochemical pathways of all biomolecules, Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, low-cost, and reagent-free alternative technique capable of identifying spectral biomarkers that differentiate subjects with MetS from control. In this study, plasma samples from 74 subjects (14 MetS, 60 control) were analyzed on the ATR-FTIR spectrophotometer. The objective was to differentiate subjects with MetS from control with supervised chemometrics modeling (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis, OPLS-DA). Additionally, the inflammatory status of subjects with MetS and control (supervised by C-reactive protein - CRP, leptin, and cell-free DNA - cfDNA) was verified. The OPLS-DA model achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity in cross-validation. For 1 latent variable (93.4% of variance), RMSECV < 0.002, PRESS CV < 0.0001, and R2 > 0.9999 was obtained. Significant spectrochemical differences (p < 0.05) were found between MetS and control subjects in the following biomolecular regions (cm-1): 1717-1703 [ν(CO) and δ(NH)], 1166-1137 [ν(C-OH) + ν(CO) and ν(CC) + δ(OH) + ν(CO)], 1113-1040 [ν(PO2-) and ν(C-OH)], and 1027-1008 [ν(CO) and v(CH2OH)]. In the OPLS-DA model loadings, amide I [1720-1600 cm-1, ν(CO)] and amide II [1570-1480 cm-1, δ(NH) + ν(CH)] had significantly greater weight than all other regions. There was a significant difference in inflammatory status between MetS patient and control (p < 0.05 for CRP and leptin, and p < 0.01 for cfDNA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda Hunter Machado
- International Affairs, International University Centre, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Koche
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Débora Becker
- Bachelor of Biological Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
- Department of Sciences, Humanities and, Education, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Rieger
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Pielesz A, Biniaś D, Waksmańska W, Bobiński R. Lipid bands of approx. 1740 cm -1 as spectral biomarkers and image of tissue oxidative stress. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121926. [PMID: 36257216 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies with the use of FTIR and FTR methods to find spectroscopic biomarkers within the 1740 cm-1 band of pathological tissues found that oxidative stress, including damage to epidermis and structural changes in pathological amnion and placenta tissue, are associated with the occurrence of products of lipid peroxidation and have impact on fluidity and transport function of membranes. In particular, the findings show that the absence of a marker lipid band of approx. 1743 cm-1 and the occurrence of a minimum of 1764 cm-1 (FTIR) and 1734 cm-1 (FTR) testify to the integrity and absence of damage in the allogeneic dermis, while the presence the 1743 or 1747 cm-1 bands indicates denaturation of the thermally or electrically burned epidermis. The absence of a marker lipid band of approx. 1736-1740 cm-1 for a healthy placental and amniotic tissue and the presence of a band of 1740 cm-1 indicate placental gestosis, while the presence of a band of 1742 cm-1 indicates hypotrophy. The 1738 cm-1 bands indicate amniotic macrosomia. Structural changes caused by tissue modification with antioxidants, which were observed on individual samples: the L-ascorbic acid (presence of a lipid band marker at a frequency of 1755 cm-1), sodium ascorbate (disappearance of the marker band), orthosilicic acid (disappearance or decrease in the intensity of the marker band with a decrease in the concentration of the modifier), as well as graphene oxide (separation of the marker lipid band of 1755 cm-1), inform us about the effect of modifiers on the tissue repair process. The studies also tracked spectral changes identified in serum. Withing the range of the lipid band and the amide I and II bands (α → β conversion), there are clear differences between normal and pathological serum lyophilisates and a sample analyzed from the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pielesz
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Dorota Biniaś
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Wioletta Waksmańska
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Health Sciences, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Health Sciences, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Kochan K, Bedolla DE, Perez-Guaita D, Adegoke JA, Chakkumpulakkal Puthan Veettil T, Martin M, Roy S, Pebotuwa S, Heraud P, Wood BR. Infrared Spectroscopy of Blood. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:611-646. [PMID: 33331179 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820985856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of infectious diseases in the twenty-first century created an urgent need for point-of-care diagnostics. Critical shortages in reagents and testing kits have had a large impact on the ability to test patients with a suspected parasitic, bacteria, fungal, and viral infections. New point-of-care tests need to be highly sensitive, specific, and easy to use and provide results in rapid time. Infrared spectroscopy, coupled to multivariate and machine learning algorithms, has the potential to meet this unmet demand requiring minimal sample preparation to detect both pathogenic infectious agents and chronic disease markers in blood. This focal point article will highlight the application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to detect disease markers in blood focusing principally on parasites, bacteria, viruses, cancer markers, and important analytes indicative of disease. Methodologies and state-of-the-art approaches will be reported and potential confounding variables in blood analysis identified. The article provides an up to date review of the literature on blood diagnosis using infrared spectroscopy highlighting the recent advances in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kochan
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana E Bedolla
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Perez-Guaita
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Adegoke
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Miguela Martin
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Supti Roy
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Savithri Pebotuwa
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Heraud
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bayden R Wood
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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De Bruyne S, Speeckaert MM, Delanghe JR. Applications of mid-infrared spectroscopy in the clinical laboratory setting. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 55:1-20. [PMID: 29239240 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1414142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive, label-free, highly sensitive and specific technique that provides complete information on the chemical composition of biological samples. The technique both can offer fundamental structural information and serve as a quantitative analysis tool. Therefore, it has many potential applications in different fields of clinical laboratory science. Although considerable technological progress has been made to promote biomedical applications of this powerful analytical technique, most clinical laboratory analyses are based on spectroscopic measurements in the visible or ultraviolet (UV) spectrum and the potential role of FTIR spectroscopy still remains unexplored. In this review, we present some general principles of FTIR spectroscopy as a useful method to study molecules in specimens by MIR radiation together with a short overview of methods to interpret spectral data. We aim at illustrating the wide range of potential applications of the proposed technique in the clinical laboratory setting with a focus on its advantages and limitations and discussing the future directions. The reviewed applications of MIR spectroscopy include (1) quantification of clinical parameters in body fluids, (2) diagnosis and monitoring of cancer and other diseases by analysis of body fluids, cells, and tissues, (3) classification of clinically relevant microorganisms, and (4) analysis of kidney stones, nails, and faecal fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Bruyne
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | | | - Joris R Delanghe
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
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6
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Sales KC, Rosa F, Cunha BR, Sampaio PN, Lopes MB, Calado CRC. Metabolic profiling of recombinant Escherichia coli cultivations based on high-throughput FT-MIR spectroscopic analysis. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:285-298. [PMID: 27696721 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most used host microorganism for the production of recombinant products, such as heterologous proteins and plasmids. However, genetic, physiological and environmental factors influence the plasmid replication and cloned gene expression in a highly complex way. To control and optimize the recombinant expression system performance, it is very important to understand this complexity. Therefore, the development of rapid, highly sensitive and economic analytical methodologies, which enable the simultaneous characterization of the heterologous product synthesis and physiologic cell behavior under a variety of culture conditions, is highly desirable. For that, the metabolic profile of recombinant E. coli cultures producing the pVAX-lacZ plasmid model was analyzed by rapid, economic and high-throughput Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy. The main goal of the present work is to show as the simultaneous multivariate data analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) and direct spectral analysis could represent a very interesting tool to monitor E. coli culture processes and acquire relevant information according to current quality regulatory guidelines. While PCA allowed capturing the energetic metabolic state of the cell, e.g. by identifying different C-sources consumption phases, direct FT-MIR spectral analysis allowed obtaining valuable biochemical and metabolic information along the cell culture, e.g. lipids, RNA, protein synthesis and turnover metabolism. The information achieved by spectral multivariate data and direct spectral analyses complement each other and may contribute to understand the complex interrelationships between the recombinant cell metabolism and the bioprocess environment towards more economic and robust processes design according to Quality by Design framework. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:285-298, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Sales
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Filipa Rosa
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Bernardo R Cunha
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Pedro N Sampaio
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal.,Faculty of Engineering, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technology, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon, 1749-019, Portugal
| | - Marta B Lopes
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal.,Institute of Telecommunications, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal.,ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, Lisboa, 1959-007, Portugal
| | - Cecília R C Calado
- ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, Lisboa, 1959-007, Portugal
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7
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Clinical risk assessment of patients with chronic kidney disease by using clinical data and multivariate models. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:2069-2075. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Medeghini L, Mignardi S, De Vito C, Conte AM. Evaluation of a FTIR data pretreatment method for Principal Component Analysis applied to archaeological ceramics. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Ghasemi K, Khanmohammadi M, Saligheh Rad H. Accurate grading of brain gliomas by soft independent modeling of class analogy based on non-negative matrix factorization of proton magnetic resonance spectra. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:119-125. [PMID: 26332515 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) is a non-invasive technique which provides a 'frequency-signal intensity' spectrum of biochemical compounds of tissues in the body. Although this method is currently used in human brain studies, accurate classification of in-vivo (1) H-MRS is a challenging task in the diagnosis of brain tumors. Problems such as overlapping metabolite peaks, incomplete information on background component and low signal-to-noise ratio disturb classification results of this spectroscopic method. This study presents an alternative approach to the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) technique, using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for dimensionality reduction. In the adopted strategy, the performance of SIMCA was improved by application of a robust algorithm for classification in the presence of noisy measurements. Total of 219 spectra from two databases were taken by water-suppressed short echo-time (1) H-MRS, acquired from different subjects with different stages of glial brain tumors (Grade II (26 cases), grade III (24 cases), grade IV (41 cases), as well as 25 healthy cases). The SIMCA was performed using two approaches: (i) principal component analysis (PCA) and (ii) non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), as a modified approach. Square prediction error was considered to assess the class membership of the external validation set. Finally, several figures of merit such as the correct classification rate (CCR), sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results of SIMCA based on NMF showed significant improvement in percentage of correctly classified samples, 91.4% versus 83.5% for PCA-based model in an independent test set.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ghasemi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - M Khanmohammadi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - H Saligheh Rad
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Rosa F, Sales KC, Cunha BR, Couto A, Lopes MB, Calado CRC. A comprehensive high-throughput FTIR spectroscopy-based method for evaluating the transfection event: estimating the transfection efficiency and extracting associated metabolic responses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8097-108. [PMID: 26329279 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reporter genes are routinely used in every laboratory for molecular and cellular biology for studying heterologous gene expression and general cellular biological mechanisms, such as transfection processes. Although well characterized and broadly implemented, reporter genes present serious limitations, either by involving time-consuming procedures or by presenting possible side effects on the expression of the heterologous gene or even in the general cellular metabolism. Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy was evaluated to simultaneously analyze in a rapid (minutes) and high-throughput mode (using 96-wells microplates), the transfection efficiency, and the effect of the transfection process on the host cell biochemical composition and metabolism. Semi-adherent HEK and adherent AGS cell lines, transfected with the plasmid pVAX-GFP using Lipofectamine, were used as model systems. Good partial least squares (PLS) models were built to estimate the transfection efficiency, either considering each cell line independently (R (2) ≥ 0.92; RMSECV ≤ 2 %) or simultaneously considering both cell lines (R (2) = 0.90; RMSECV = 2 %). Additionally, the effect of the transfection process on the HEK cell biochemical and metabolic features could be evaluated directly from the FT-IR spectra. Due to the high sensitivity of the technique, it was also possible to discriminate the effect of the transfection process from the transfection reagent on KEK cells, e.g., by the analysis of spectral biomarkers and biochemical and metabolic features. The present results are far beyond what any reporter gene assay or other specific probe can offer for these purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Rosa
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Otávio Pato, 2635-631, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Kevin C Sales
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Otávio Pato, 2635-631, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Bernardo R Cunha
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Otávio Pato, 2635-631, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Andreia Couto
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Otávio Pato, 2635-631, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Marta B Lopes
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Otávio Pato, 2635-631, Rio de Mouro, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília R C Calado
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Shen Y, Du C, Zhou J, Ma F. Characterization of the Release of Urea from Coated Fertilizer by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflectance. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Li X, Jiang C, Pan L, Zhang H, Hu L, Li T, Yang X. Effects of preparing techniques and aging on dissolution behavior of the solid dispersions of NF/Soluplus/Kollidon SR: identification and classification by a combined analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy and computational approaches. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:2-14. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.938080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Hughes C, Brown M, Clemens G, Henderson A, Monjardez G, Clarke NW, Gardner P. Assessing the challenges of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of blood serum. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:180-188. [PMID: 24488587 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There are many approaches to measuring the infrared spectrum of a blood serum sample. Naturally, each approach will have both advantages and disadvantages. We report on the progress of the application of infrared spectroscopy in the field of blood serum analysis towards clinical application, with a focus on prostate cancer. In order to perform a high-powered study with clinical relevance, choosing the most suitable approach must undergo careful consideration. We review the possibilities of using different sample preparation methods and speculate upon the potential pitfalls of both transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Hughes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Paterson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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14
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Highlighting attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for rapid serum analysis. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:327-8. [PMID: 23602151 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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