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Drudi L, Giardino M, Tedone M, Tiano A, Janner D, Pognant F, Matera F, Sacco M, Bardi L, Bellopede R. An analysis of the PM 10 chemical composition and its spatial and seasonal variation in Piedmont (Italy) using Raman spectroscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175427. [PMID: 39128512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM) dramatically affects the well-being of a growing global population, particularly in urban areas. While air quality control is an important and pressing issue, particulate matter analysis typically focuses on size distribution and concentration, offering limited insights into chemical composition and pollutant sources. This study analyzes PM10 samples collected from five air quality monitoring stations across the Piedmont region. Specifically, the two of the stations are located in the urban environment of Turin, a city known as one of Europe's most polluted cities. The analysis has been carried out using primarily Raman Spectroscopy (RS) to identify the main PM components, investigate the different PM compositions, and evaluate the chemical and seasonal variations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersion X-ray spectrophotometer (EDX) has also been used to obtain further information about the elemental composition and the size distribution. Amorphous carbon, nitrate salt, sulfate salt, iron oxides, and quartz are the main compounds found. The results of our study highlight significant differences in the chemical composition of PM10, indicating variations in the sources and characteristics of PM. Notably, higher levels of nitrate and sulfate particles are linked respectively to cold and warm seasons. Whereas, amorphous carbon and iron oxides are associated with distinct geographic features at the sampling sites, such as traffic conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the different sources and characteristics of PM10 to develop effective air pollution mitigation strategies in the Piedmont region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Drudi
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Matteo Giardino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Marilena Tedone
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Tiano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Janner
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; INSTM, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Pognant
- Evironment Direction, Regione Piemonte, Via Principe Amedeo, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Matera
- Evironment Direction, Regione Piemonte, Via Principe Amedeo, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Rossana Bellopede
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Wabwile JM, Angeyo HK, Massop AD. Exploring band-free Raman microspectrometry combined with PCA and MCR-ALS for size-resolved forensic analysis of uranium in aerosols in a model nuclear atmosphere. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 270:107295. [PMID: 37741154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Achieving non-destructive micrometer-scale molecular and structural analysis of uranic materials in atmospheric aerosols with traditional methodologies is a challenge. Spatially resolved analysis of uranium in actinide-bearing aerosols is critical for nuclear forensics. Although laser Raman microspectrometry enables this, for the normally low uranium concentrations in the aerosols the spectra are indiscernible (band-free) against pronounced background: trace analysis requires a push in analytical strategy. We combined laser Raman microspectrometry (utilizing two lasers (λ = 532 nm, λ = 785 nm)) with principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution-alternate least squares (MCR-ALS) to perform size-resolved analysis of uranium in aerosols. Uranium-specific Raman scatter bands corresponding to uranyl nitrate (860 cm-1), uranium sulphate (868 cm-1), uranyl chloride (816 cm-1) and uranium trioxide (839 cm-1) were detected. The 816 cm-1, 854 cm-1, 868 cm-1 bands were resolved by MCR-ALS and used to identify and map uranium in PM4.5 size aerosols. Based on spectral feature selection of the signature bands, PCA identified two sources of aerosol particles in model nuclear atmosphere - Sea spray for PM4.5 and re-suspension of 'nuclear' dust from a rare earth element (REE) mine for PM2.5. The MCR-ALS-resolved uranium bands showed the potential for attributive nuclear forensic analysis.
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Marina-Montes C, Abás E, Buil-García J, Anzano J. From multi to single-particle analysis: A seasonal spectroscopic study of airborne particulate matter in Zaragoza, Spain. Talanta 2023; 259:124550. [PMID: 37062086 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
It is distinguished that deficient outdoor air quality is responsible for substantial health and climate issues. The aim of our study was to investigate the air quality in the city of Zaragoza (Spain) by characterizing atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) during two seasons (winter and spring). PM10 samples were collected in 2022 in quartz filters through a low-volume sampler and chemically analysed by complementary analytical techniques: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman Spectroscopy (RS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS). Results have revealed, together with a temperature inversion phenomenon in winter, the presence of both natural (Al, Ca, Mg, Ti, Sr, Fe, etc.) and anthropogenic particles. The latter mainly formed by black carbon with an origin on fossil fuel combustion emissions. Additionally, chemical analyses of PM10 filters showed the presence of three types of microplastics suspended in the air of the city: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) and polystyrene (PS). The results obtained from this research are of special interest to take into account for future air quality policies, particularly those with the aim of reducing air pollution in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Marina-Montes
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elisa Abás
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Buil-García
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Anzano
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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4
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Estefany C, Sun Z, Hong Z, Du J. Raman spectroscopy for profiling physical and chemical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114405. [PMID: 36508807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmosphere aerosols have significant impact on human health and the environment. Aerosol particles have a number of characteristics that influence their health and environmental effects, including their size, shape, and chemical composition. A great deal of difficulty is associated with quantifying and identifying atmospheric aerosols because these parameters are highly variable on a spatial and temporal scale. An important component of understanding aerosol fate is Raman Spectroscopy (RS), which is capable of resolving chemical compositions of individual particles. This review presented strategic techniques, especially RS methods for characterizing atmospheric aerosols. The nature and properties of atmospheric aerosols and their influence on environment and human health were briefly described. Analytical methodologies that offer insight into the chemistry and multidimensional properties of aerosols were discussed. In addition, perspectives for practical applications of atmospheric aerosols using RS are featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedeño Estefany
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zijin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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5
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Marina-Montes C, Pérez-Arribas LV, Anzano J, de Vallejuelo SFO, Aramendia J, Gómez-Nubla L, de Diego A, Manuel Madariaga J, Cáceres JO. Characterization of atmospheric aerosols in the Antarctic region using Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120452. [PMID: 34624816 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The non-destructive spectroscopic characterization of airborne particulate matter (PM) was performed to gain better knowledge of the internal structures of atmospheric aerosols at the particle level in the Antarctic region, along with their potential sources. PM and soil samples were collected during the 2016-2017 austral summer season at the surroundings of the Spanish Antarctic Research Station "Gabriel de Castilla" (Deception Island, South Shetland Islands). PM was deposited in a low-volume sampler air filter. Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to determine the elemental and molecular composition of the individual aerosol and soil particles. Filter spectra measured by these techniques revealed long-range atmospheric transport of organic compounds (polystyrene and bacteria), local single and cluster particles made of different kinds of black carbon (BC), exotic minerals (polyhalite, arcanite, niter, ammonium nitrate, syngenite and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer), and natural PM (sea salts, silicates, iron oxides, etc.). In addition to the filter samples, forsterite and plagioclase were discovered in the soil samples together with magnetite. This is the first report of the presence of a microplastic fiber in the Antarctic air. This fact, together with the presence of other pollutants, reflects that even pristine and remote regions are influenced by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Marina-Montes
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis V Pérez-Arribas
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Anzano
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Julene Aramendia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Leticia Gómez-Nubla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alberto de Diego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge O Cáceres
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Marina-Montes C, Motto-Ros V, Pérez-Arribas LV, Anzano J, Millán-Martínez M, Cáceres JO. Aerosol analysis by micro laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: A new protocol for particulate matter characterization in filters. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1181:338947. [PMID: 34556213 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols (particulate matter - PM) affect the air quality and climate, even in remote areas, such as the Antarctic Region. Current techniques for continuous PM monitoring are usually complex, costly, time consuming and do not provide real-time measurements. In this work, based on micro laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), an innovative method with an optical design and multi-elemental scanning imaging, is presented to characterize PM collected in filters from Antarctica. After following a simple protocol and under atmospheric pressure, the new approach allows to obtain a global visualization of the elemental PM composition of the filters with a minimum sample destruction and preparation. For the first time, we were able to map the localization of pollutants in filters at high spatial resolution and speed. This recent method offers a new insight on the characterization of PM, particularly in isolated areas, where no complex equipment and real time measurements are demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Marina-Montes
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincent Motto-Ros
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université de Lyon 1 - CNRS, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, cedex, 69622, France
| | - Luis Vicente Pérez-Arribas
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Anzano
- Laser Lab, Chemistry & Environment Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza. Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Millán-Martínez
- Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry-CIQSO, Campus El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jorge O Cáceres
- Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Olson NE, Xiao Y, Lei Z, Ault AP. Simultaneous Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy of Submicrometer Atmospheric Particles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9932-9939. [PMID: 32519841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric aerosols at the most abundant sizes in the atmosphere (<1 μm) is analytically challenging, as hundreds to thousands of species are often present in femtoliter volumes. Vibrational spectroscopies, such as infrared (IR) and Raman, have great potential for probing functional groups in single particles at ambient pressure and temperature. However, the diffraction limit of IR radiation limits traditional IR microscopy to particles > ∼10 μm, which have less relevance to aerosol health and climate impacts. Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy is a contactless method that circumvents diffraction limitations by using changes in the scattering intensity of a continuous wave visible laser (532 nm) to detect the photothermal expansion when a vibrational mode is excited by a tunable IR laser (QCL: 800-1800 cm-1 or OPO: 2600-3600 cm-1). Herein, we simultaneously collect O-PTIR spectra with Raman spectra at a single point for individual particles with aerodynamic diameters <400 nm (prior to impaction and spreading) at ambient temperature and pressure, by also collecting the inelastically scattered visible photons for Raman spectra. O-PTIR and Raman spectra were collected for submicrometer particles with different substrates, particle chemical compositions, and morphologies (i.e., core-shell), as well as IR mapping with submicron spatial resolution. Initial O-PTIR analysis of ambient atmospheric particles identified both inorganic and organic modes in individual sub- and supermicrometer particles. The simultaneous IR and Raman microscopy with submicrometer spatial resolution described herein has considerable potential both in atmospheric chemistry and numerous others fields (e.g., materials and biological research).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Lei Z, Bliesner SE, Mattson CN, Cooke ME, Olson NE, Chibwe K, Albert JNL, Ault AP. Aerosol Acidity Sensing via Polymer Degradation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6502-6511. [PMID: 32227877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The acidity of atmospheric aerosols is a critical property that affects the chemistry and composition of the atmosphere. Many key multiphase chemical reactions are pH-dependent, impacting processes like secondary organic aerosol formation, and need to be understood at a single particle level due to differences in particle-to-particle composition that impact both climate and health. However, the analytical challenge of measuring aerosol acidity in individual particles has limited pH measurements for fine (<2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5-10 μm) particles. This has led to a reliance on indirect methods or thermodynamic modeling, which focus on average, not individual, particle pH. Thus, new approaches are needed to probe single particle pH. In this study, a novel method for pH measurement was explored using degradation of a pH-sensitive polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone), to determine the acidity of individual submicron particles. Submicron particles of known pH (0 or 6) were deposited on a polymer film (21-25 nm thick) and allowed to react. Particles were then rinsed off, and the degradation of the polymer was characterized using atomic force microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. After degradation, holes in the PCL films exposed to pH 0 were observed, and the loss of the carbonyl stretch was monitored at 1723 cm-1. As particle size decreased, polymer degradation increased, indicating an increase in aerosol acidity at smaller particle diameters. This study describes a new approach to determine individual particle acidity and is a step toward addressing a key measurement gap related to our understanding of atmospheric aerosol impacts on climate and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Samuel E Bliesner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Claire N Mattson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Madeline E Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kaseba Chibwe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Julie N L Albert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Unger I, Saak CM, Salter M, Zieger P, Patanen M, Björneholm O. Influence of Organic Acids on the Surface Composition of Sea Spray Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:422-429. [PMID: 31833771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on sea spray aerosol indicate an enrichment of Ca2+ in small particles, which are often thought to originate from the very surface of a water body when bubbles burst. One model to explain this observation is the formation of ion pairs between Ca2+(aq) and surface-active organic species. In this study, we have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe aqueous salt solutions and artificial sea spray aerosol to study whether ion pairing in the liquid environment also affects the surface composition of dry aerosol. Carboxylic acids were added to the sample solutions to mimic some of the organic compounds present in natural seawater. Our results show that the formation of a core-shell structure governs the surface composition of the aerosol. The core-shell structure contrasts previous observations of the dry sea spray aerosol on substrates. As such, this may indicate that substrates can impact the morphology of the dried aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaak Unger
- Uppsala University , Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | - Matthew Salter
- Uppsala University , Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala , Sweden.,Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Paul Zieger
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Minna Patanen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science , University of Oulu , P.O. Box 8000 FI-90570 Oulu , Finland
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Sorrentino A, Cataldo A, Curatolo R, Tagliatesta P, Mosca L, Bellucci S. Novel optimized biopolymer-based nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery in the treatment of depressive diseases. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28941-28949. [PMID: 35520064 PMCID: PMC9055835 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A valid option to bypass the obstacle represented by the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in brain delivery is the use of the unconventional intranasal route of administration. The treatment of depressive diseases, resulting from the depletion of a neurotransmitter in the inter-synaptic space, such as serotonin, is indirectly treated using molecules that can permeate the BBB unlike the latter. In the present article, a set of nanovectors were produced using a mucoadhesive biopolymer, i.e. alginate (Alg). Optimizing the reaction, polymeric nanoparticles having diameter of 30–70 nm were produced, and water stable multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized (MWCNT-COOH)/Alg complexes were obtained. These nanovectors were loaded with serotonin, evaluating drug loading/release. By means of Raman microscopy, the cellular internalization of the (MWCNT-COOH)/Alg complex was demonstrated. A complete biocompatibility on neuronal cells was proved for the whole set of nanovectors. Finally, a method of self-administration was tested, which involves the use of a household apparatus, such as an aerosol machine, observing a fine particulate, able to deliver the nanovectors through the nose. A valid option to bypass the obstacle represented by the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in brain delivery is the use of the unconventional intranasal route of administration.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonino Cataldo
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
- Frascati
- Italy
- Department of Engineering
- Polytechnic of Marche University of Ancona
| | - Riccardo Curatolo
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
- Frascati
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Rome
- Italy
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11
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Abstract
Airborne particles are very dynamic and highly reactive components of the Earth's atmosphere. Their high surface area and water content provide a unique reaction environment for multiphase chemistry that continually modifies particle composition and properties that consequently impact air quality as well as concentrations of gas-phase species. By absorbing and scattering solar and terrestrial radiation, particles directly influence the planet's radiative balance. Their indirect effects include modifying the nucleation, lifetime, and physical properties of clouds. Due to the sensitivity of the atmospheric environment to all these variables, fundamental studies of chemical transformations of atmospheric particles, their sources, continuously evolving composition, and physical properties are of highest research priority. Accurate descriptions of particles and their effects in the atmosphere require comprehensive information not only on the particle-type populations and their size distributions and concentrations, but also on the diversity and the spatial heterogeneity of chemical components within individual particles. Developments and applications of modern chemical imaging approaches for off-line characterization of atmospheric particles have been at the forefront of modern experimental studies and have resulted in a transformative impact in atmospheric chemistry and physics. This Account presents a synopsis of recent advances in chemical imaging of atmospheric particles collected on substrates during field and laboratory experiments. The unique advantage of chemical imaging methods is that they simultaneously provide two analytical measurements: imaging of particles to assess variability in their individual sizes and morphology, as well as particle-specific speciation of their composition and spatial heterogeneity of different chemical components within individual particles. We also highlight analytical chemistry approaches that enable chemical imaging of particles with different levels of elemental and molecular specificity, including applications of multimodal methodologies where the same or similar groups of particles are probed by two or more complementary techniques. These approaches provide unique experimental insights on the nature and sources of particles, understanding their physical properties, atmospheric reactivity, and transformations. Chemical imaging data provide unique experimental input for atmospheric models that simulate aging and changes in particle-type populations, internal composition, and their associated optical and cloud forming properties. We highlight applications of chemical imaging in selected recent studies, discuss their existing limitations, and forecast future research directions for this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ryan C. Moffet
- Meteorology and Air Quality Measurements, Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California 94954, United States
| | - Mary K. Gilles
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Sun Z, Duan F, He K, Du J, Yang L, Li H, Ma T, Yang S. Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric fine particles based on effective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:388-395. [PMID: 30473304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles associated with haze pollution threaten the health of more than 400 million people in China. It is therefore of great importance to thoroughly investigate and understand their composition. To determine the physicochemical properties in atmospheric fine particles at the micrometer level, we described a sensitive and feasible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method using Ag foil as a substrate. This novel method enhanced the Raman signal intensities up to 10,000 a.u. for ν(NO3-) in fine particles. The SERS effect of Ag foil was further studied experimentally and theoretically and found to have an enhancement factor of the order of ~104. Size-fractionated real particle samples with aerodynamic diameters of 0.4-2.5 μm were successfully collected on a heavy haze day, allowing ready observation of morphology and identification of chemical components, such as soot, nitrates, and sulfates. These results suggest that the Ag-foil-based SERS technique can be effectively used to determine the microscopic characteristics of individual fine particles, which will help to understand haze formation mechanisms and formulate governance policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Tirella PN, Craig RL, Tubbs DB, Olson NE, Lei Z, Ault AP. Extending surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of atmospheric aerosol particles to the accumulation mode (150-800 nm). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1570-1580. [PMID: 30124713 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00276b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to their small size, measurements of the complex composition of atmospheric aerosol particles and their surfaces are analytically challenging. This is particularly true for microspectroscopic methods, where it can be difficult to optically identify individual particles smaller than the diffraction limit of visible light (∼350 nm) and measure their vibrational modes. Recently, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been applied to the study of aerosol particles, allowing for detection and characterization of previously undistinguishable vibrational modes. However, atmospheric particles analyzed via SERS have primarily been >1 μm to date, much larger than the diameter of the most abundant atmospheric aerosols (∼100 nm). To push SERS towards more relevant particle sizes, a simplified approach involving Ag foil substrates was developed. Both ambient particles and several laboratory-generated model aerosol systems (polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs), ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate) were investigated to determine SERS enhancements. SERS spectra of monodisperse, model aerosols between 400-800 nm were compared with non-SERS enhanced spectra, yielding average enhancement factors of 102 for both inorganic and organic vibrational modes. Additionally, SERS-enabled detection of 150 nm size-selected ambient particles represent the smallest individual aerosol particles analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy to date, and the first time atmospheric particles have been measured at sizes approaching the atmospheric number size distribution mode. SERS-enabled detection and identification of vibrational modes in smaller, more atmospherically-relevant particles has the potential to improve understanding of aerosol composition and surface properties, as well as their impact on heterogeneous and multiphase reactions involving aerosol surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Tirella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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14
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Craig RL, Peterson PK, Nandy L, Lei Z, Hossain MA, Camarena S, Dodson RA, Cook RD, Dutcher CS, Ault AP. Direct Determination of Aerosol pH: Size-Resolved Measurements of Submicrometer and Supermicrometer Aqueous Particles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11232-11239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucy Nandy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cari S. Dutcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Falgayrac G, Siepka D, Stefaniak EA, Penel G, Sobanska S. Influence of collecting substrate on the Raman imaging of micron-sized particles. Anal Chim Acta 2018. [PMID: 29523250 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The influence of six common substrates on the Raman imaging of micron-sized inorganic aerosol particles was examined. Laboratory-generated single-component particles of calcite (CaCO3) and mixed particles of calcite (CaCO3), nitratine (NaNO3), hematite (Fe2O3) and anglesite (PbSO4) were deposited by cascade impaction on Ag, In, Si, SiO2, microscope slide and TEM-grid substrates. The spectral contribution of substrates to Raman images of the deposited particles was evaluated by Multivariate Curve Resolution. The shape and intensity of the substrate spectra affect the effectiveness capability of the spectral deconvolution. The substrates were characterized and compared with respect to their effect on the reconstruction of Raman images of aerosol particles. The TEM-grid substrate yielded spatially stable sample measurements with a homogeneous spectral contribution, satisfactory Raman map reconstruction and the potential for application in other techniques (e.g., SEM-EDX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Falgayrac
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4490 - PMOI - Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Damian Siepka
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Lille 1 University - Science and Technology, Bat. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France; Laboratory of Composite and Biomimetic Materials, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta A Stefaniak
- Laboratory of Composite and Biomimetic Materials, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4490 - PMOI - Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Lille 1 University - Science and Technology, Bat. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France.
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16
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Li W, Li H, Li J, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Chai F, Zhang H, Yang T, Duan P, Lu D, Chen Y. TOF-SIMS surface analysis of chemical components of size-fractioned urban aerosols in a typical heavy air pollution event in Beijing. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 69:61-76. [PMID: 29941270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Size-fractioned atmospheric aerosol particles were collected during a typical heavy air pollution event in Beijing. The organic and inorganic components on the surfaces of the samples were analyzed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The variation characteristics of the surface chemical composition and influencing factors were studied, and the possible sources of these chemical compositions were identified through principal component analysis. The results showed that inorganic components such as crustal elements and sulfate, and organic components such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic groups were present. Some surface components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and fluorides may exert adverse effects on human health. The species and relative percentages of the chemical components varied with particle size, diurnal and pollution progress. During a heavy pollution event, the species and relative percentages of secondary components such as oxygen-containing organic groups and sulfurous compounds increased, indicating that particles aged during this event. The surface chemical composition of the aerosol particles was affected mainly by emissions from coal combustion and motor vehicles. In addition, air pollution, meteorological factors, and air mass transport also exerted a significant effect on the surface chemical composition of aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jinjuan Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xueli Cheng
- SAE Technology Development (Dongguan) Co. Ltd., Guangdong 523087, China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fahe Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Pengli Duan
- Institute of Environment Science, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Defeng Lu
- Core Tech Integrated (Beijing) Pty. Ltd., Beijing 100086, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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17
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Cross-sectional analysis of impregnated excipient particles by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Siepka D, Uzu G, Stefaniak EA, Sobanska S. Combining Raman microspectrometry and chemometrics for determining quantitative molecular composition and mixing state of atmospheric aerosol particles. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Abstract
The role of marine bioaerosols in cloud formation and climate is currently so uncertain that even the sign of the climate forcing is unclear. Marine aerosols form through direct emissions and through the conversion of gas-phase emissions to aerosols in the atmosphere. The composition and size of aerosols determine how effective they are in catalyzing the formation of water droplets and ice crystals in clouds by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles, respectively. Marine organic aerosols may be sourced both from recent regional phytoplankton blooms that add labile organic matter to the surface ocean and from long-term global processes, such as the upwelling of old refractory dissolved organic matter from the deep ocean. Understanding the formation of marine aerosols and their propensity to catalyze cloud formation processes are challenges that must be addressed given the major uncertainties associated with aerosols in climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Brooks
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
| | - Daniel C O Thornton
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
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20
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Elmes M, Gasparon M. Sampling and single particle analysis for the chemical characterisation of fine atmospheric particulates: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 202:137-150. [PMID: 28732276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the potential environmental and human health impacts of fine airborne particulate matter (APM), detailed physical and chemical characterisation is required. The only means to accurately distinguish between the multiple compositions in APM is by single particle analysis. A variety of methods and instruments are available, which range from filter-based sample collection for off-line laboratory analysis to on-line instruments that detect the airborne particles and generate size distribution and chemical data in real time. There are many reasons for sampling particulates in the ambient atmosphere and as a consequence, different measurement strategies and sampling devices are used depending on the scientific objectives and subsequent analytical techniques. This review is designed as a guide to some of the techniques available for the sampling and subsequent chemical analysis of individual inorganic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Elmes
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Massimo Gasparon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia; National Institute of Science and Technology on Mineral Resources, Water and Biodiversity (INCT-Acqua), Brazil.
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21
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Huang D, Hua X, Xiu GL, Zheng YJ, Yu XY, Long YT. Secondary ion mass spectrometry: The application in the analysis of atmospheric particulate matter. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 989:1-14. [PMID: 28915935 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, considerable attention has been paid to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) investigation due to its importance in human health and global climate change. Surface characterization, single particle analysis and depth profiling of PM is important for a better understanding of its formation processes and predicting its impact on the environment and human being. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a surface technique with high surface sensitivity, high spatial resolution chemical imaging and unique depth profiling capabilities. Recent research shows that SIMS has great potential in analyzing both surface and bulk chemical information of PM. In this review, we give a brief introduction of SIMS working principle and survey recent applications of SIMS in PM characterization. Particularly, analyses from different types of PM sources by various SIMS techniques were discussed concerning their advantages and limitations. The future development and needs of SIMS in atmospheric aerosol measurement are proposed with a perspective in broader environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Guang-Li Xiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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22
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Ofner J, Kirschner J, Eitenberger E, Friedbacher G, Kasper-Giebl A, Lohninger H, Eisenmenger-Sittner C, Lendl B. A novel substrate for multisensor hyperspectral imaging. J Microsc 2016; 265:341-348. [PMID: 27892598 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The quality of chemical imaging, especially multisensor hyperspectral imaging, strongly depends on sample preparation techniques and instrumental infrastructure but also on the choice of an appropriate imaging substrate. To optimize the combined imaging of Raman microspectroscopy, scanning-electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, a novel substrate was developed based on sputtering of highly purified aluminium onto classical microscope slides. The novel aluminium substrate overcomes several disadvantages of classical substrates like impurities of the substrate material and contamination of the surface as well as surface roughness and homogeneity. Therefore, it provides excellent conditions for various hyperspectral imaging techniques and enables high-quality multisensor hyperspectral chemical imaging at submicron lateral resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ofner
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Kirschner
- TU Wien, Institute of Solide State Physics, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Eitenberger
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Friedbacher
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kasper-Giebl
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Lohninger
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - B Lendl
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Ault AP, Axson JL. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Advances. Anal Chem 2016; 89:430-452. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica L. Axson
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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24
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Axson JL, May NW, Colón-Bernal ID, Pratt KA, Ault AP. Lake Spray Aerosol: A Chemical Signature from Individual Ambient Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9835-9845. [PMID: 27548099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol production from wave breaking on freshwater lakes, including the Laurentian Great Lakes, is poorly understood in comparison to sea spray aerosol (SSA). Aerosols from freshwater have the potential to impact regional climate and public health. Herein, lake spray aerosol (LSA) is defined as aerosol generated from freshwater through bubble bursting, analogous to SSA from seawater. A chemical signature for LSA was determined from measurements of ambient particles collected on the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan during an event (July 6-8, 2015) with wave heights up to 3.1 m. For comparison, surface freshwater was collected, and LSA were generated in the laboratory. Single particle microscopy and mass spectrometry analysis of field and laboratory-generated samples show that LSA particles are primarily calcium (carbonate) with lower concentrations of other inorganic ions and organic material. Laboratory number size distributions show ultrafine and accumulation modes at 53 (±1) and 276 (±8) nm, respectively. This study provides the first chemical signature for LSA. LSA composition is shown to be coupled to Great Lakes water chemistry (Ca(2+) > Mg(2+) > Na(+) > K(+)) and distinct from SSA. Understanding LSA physicochemical properties will improve assessment of LSA impacts on regional air quality, climate, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Axson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nathaniel W May
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Isabel D Colón-Bernal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kerri A Pratt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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25
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Zhang Z, Li H, Liu H, Ni R, Li J, Deng L, Lu D, Cheng X, Duan P, Li W. A preliminary analysis of the surface chemistry of atmospheric aerosol particles in a typical urban area of Beijing. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 47:71-81. [PMID: 27593274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol particle samples were collected using an Ambient Eight Stage (Non-Viable) Cascade Impactor Sampler in a typical urban area of Beijing from 27th Sep. to 5th Oct., 2009. The surface chemistry of these aerosol particles was analyzed using Static Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (Static TOF-SIMS). The factors influencing surface compositions were evaluated in conjunction with the air pollution levels, meteorological factors, and air mass transport for the sampling period. The results show that a variety of organic ion groups and inorganic ions/ion groups were accumulated on the surfaces of aerosol particles in urban areas of Beijing; and hydrophobic organic compounds with short- or middle-chain alkyl as well as hydrophilic secondary inorganic compounds were observed. All these compounds have the potential to affect the atmospheric behavior of urban aerosol particles. PM1.1-2.1 and PM3.3-4.7 had similar elements on their surfaces, but some molecules and ionic groups demonstrated differences in Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry spectra. This suggests that the quantities of elements varied between PM1.1-2.1 and PM3.3-4.7. In particular, more intense research efforts into fluoride pollution are required, because the fluorides on aerosol surfaces have the potential to harm human health. The levels of air pollution had the most significant influence on the surface compositions of aerosol particles in our study. Hence, heavier air pollution was associated with more complex surface compositions on aerosol particles. In addition, wind, rainfall, and air masses from the south also greatly influenced the surface compositions of these urban aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 110012, China.
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 110012, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Runxiang Ni
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinjuan Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liqun Deng
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Defeng Lu
- Core Tech Integrated (Beijing) Pty. Ltd., Beijing 100086, China
| | - Xueli Cheng
- SAE Technology Development (Dongguan) Co. Ltd., Guangdong 523087, China
| | - Pengli Duan
- Institute of Environment Science, Shaanxi University, Shaanxi 030006, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 110012, China
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26
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Laskina O, Morris HS, Grandquist JR, Estillore AD, Stone EA, Grassian VH, Tivanski AV. Substrate-Deposited Sea Spray Aerosol Particles: Influence of Analytical Method, Substrate, and Storage Conditions on Particle Size, Phase, and Morphology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13447-53. [PMID: 26477686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols are often collected on substrates and analyzed weeks or months after the initial collection. We investigated how the selection of substrate and microscopy method influence the measured size, phase, and morphology of sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles and how sample storage conditions affect individual particles using three common microscopy techniques: optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to determine changes in the water content of stored particles. The results show that microscopy techniques operating under ambient conditions provide the most relevant and robust measurement of particle size. Samples stored in a desiccator and at ambient conditions leads to similar sizes and morphologies, while storage that involves freezing and thawing leads to irreversible changes due to phase changes and water condensation. Typically, SSA particles are deposited wet and, if possible, samples used for single-particle analysis should be stored at or near conditions at which they were collected in order to avoid dehydration. However, if samples need to be dry, as is often the case, then this study found that storing SSA particles at ambient laboratory conditions (17-23% RH and 19-21 °C) was effective at preserving them and reducing changes that would alter samples and subsequent data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Laskina
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Holly S Morris
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Joshua R Grandquist
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Armando D Estillore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Alexei V Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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27
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Liu Z, Pan S, Sun Z, Ma R, Chen L, Wang Y, Wang S. Heavy metal spatial variability and historical changes in the Yangtze River estuary and North Jiangsu tidal flat. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 98:115-129. [PMID: 26159727 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on the spatial and temporal patterns of heavy metals from the Yangtze River estuary and the tidal flat of north Jiangsu. Most heavy metals in the surficial sediments after normalization to Ti decreased seaward at the Yangtze River estuary. The core records showed that the heavy metal variations in the last 50years were primarily linked to natural weathering input of trace elements. However, significant heavy metal pollution (mainly Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu and As) were in the two study areas, with anthropogenic inventories accounting for 23-40% percent of the total pollution. Sequential extraction showed that Pb, Cu and Ni were present largely in the non-residual fraction, which indicated the potential bioavailability in the study areas. The SEM/EDS together with sequential extraction facilitated the easy tracing of the origin/sources of heavy metals in a simple way in the estuary and the tidal flat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Shaoming Pan
- The Key Lab of Ministry of Education of Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhuyou Sun
- The Key Lab of Ministry of Education of Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Institute of Marine Geology, East China Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Renfeng Ma
- Coastal Resources and Environment Research Center Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lanhua Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu 215123, China
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28
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Ofner J, Kamilli KA, Eitenberger E, Friedbacher G, Lendl B, Held A, Lohninger H. Chemometric Analysis of Multisensor Hyperspectral Images of Precipitated Atmospheric Particulate Matter. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9413-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ofner
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina A. Kamilli
- Atmospheric
Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Dr. Hans-Frisch-Straße A1.2, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eitenberger
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Friedbacher
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Held
- Atmospheric
Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Dr. Hans-Frisch-Straße A1.2, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans Lohninger
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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29
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Offroy M, Moreau M, Sobanska S, Milanfar P, Duponchel L. Pushing back the limits of Raman imaging by coupling super-resolution and chemometrics for aerosols characterization. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26201867 PMCID: PMC4511868 DOI: 10.1038/srep12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest in nanoscience in many research fields like physics, chemistry, and biology, including the environmental fate of the produced nano-objects, requires instrumental improvements to address the sub-micrometric analysis challenges. The originality of our approach is to use both the super-resolution concept and multivariate curve resolution (MCR-ALS) algorithm in confocal Raman imaging to surmount its instrumental limits and to characterize chemical components of atmospheric aerosols at the level of the individual particles. We demonstrate the possibility to go beyond the diffraction limit with this algorithmic approach. Indeed, the spatial resolution is improved by 65% to achieve 200 nm for the considered far-field spectrophotometer. A multivariate curve resolution method is then coupled with super-resolution in order to explore the heterogeneous structure of submicron particles for describing physical and chemical processes that may occur in the atmosphere. The proposed methodology provides new tools for sub-micron characterization of heterogeneous samples using far-field (i.e. conventional) Raman imaging spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Offroy
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Moreau
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Peyman Milanfar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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30
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Craig RL, Bondy AL, Ault AP. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Enables Observations of Previously Undetectable Secondary Organic Aerosol Components at the Individual Particle Level. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7510-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Craig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Amy L. Bondy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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