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Mao J, Atwa Y, Wu Z, McNeill D, Shakeel H. Identification of Different Classes of VOCs Based on Optical Emission Spectra Using a Dielectric Barrier Helium Plasma Coupled with a Mini Spectrometer. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:201-212. [PMID: 38645576 PMCID: PMC11027204 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a micro helium dielectric barrier discharge (μHDBD) plasma device fabricated using 3D printing and molding techniques was coupled with a mini spectrometer to detect and identify different classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using optical emission spectrometry (OES). We tested 11 VOCs belonging to three different classes (straight-chain alkanes, aromatics, and polar organic compounds). Our results clearly demonstrate that the optical emission spectra of different classes of VOCs show clear differences, and therefore, can be used for identification. Additionally, the emission spectra of VOCs with a similar structure (such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, and n-nonane) have similar optical emission spectrum shape. Acetone and ethanol also have similar emission wavelengths, but they show different line intensities for the same concentrations. We also found that the side-chain group of aromatics will also affect the emission spectra even though they have a similar structure (all have a benzene ring). Moreover, our μHDBD-OES system can also identify multiple compounds in VOC mixtures. Our work also demonstrates the possibility of identifying different classes of VOCs by the OES shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqin Mao
- School
of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yahya Atwa
- School
of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenxun Wu
- Queen’s
Business School, Queen’s University
Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - David McNeill
- School
of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Hamza Shakeel
- School
of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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Yue W, Lei W, Dong Y, Shi C, Lu Q, Cui X, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang J. Toluene degradation in air/H 2O DBD plasma: A reaction mechanism investigation based on detailed kinetic modeling and emission spectrum analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130894. [PMID: 36739844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is emerging as an attractive method for decomposing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this paper, to study toluene degradation mechanism in air/H2O dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, optical emission spectrometry (OES) was employed to in-situ monitor active species in plasma, with the permanent degradation products being detected by on-line mass spectrometry under various operations. A detailed kinetic model of NTP with incorporation of non-constant electron filed and thermal effects has also been established. A toluene degradation efficiency > 82% could be achieved at P = 115 W, Cin, toluene = 1000 ppm. The relative spectrum intensity of excited OH, O, H and N2 (A3Σ+u) increased with increase of discharge power and was decreased at higher gas flowrates. Toluene degradation was mainly induced by oxidation of OH and O at afterglow stage, while part of toluene was decomposed by attack of electrons and reactive particles N2 (A3Σ+u) in discharge stage. A toluene degradation pathway has been proposed as: toluene→benzyl→benzaldehyde→benzene→phenoxy→cyclopentadiene→polycarbenes/alkynol→CO2/H2O. Benzoquinone, benzaldehyde, cyclopentadiene and cyclopentadienyl are supposed to be important intermediates for the ring-opening of toluene. Clarification of toluene degradation behaviors at discharge and afterglowing stage could provide new insights for plasma-catalytic process in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yue
- School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Jiangsu Smart Energy Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Wentao Lei
- School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Jiangsu Smart Energy Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Yongheng Dong
- School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Jiangsu Smart Energy Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Chengjing Shi
- School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Jiangsu Smart Energy Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Qiancheng Lu
- School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Jiangsu Smart Energy Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Xin Cui
- School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Jiangsu Smart Energy Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Jiangsu Smart Energy Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Yumin Chen
- School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China; Jiangsu Smart Energy Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, Xuzhou 221116, PR China.
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, PR China
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Li K, Chen H, Chen Z, He L, Hou X, Jiang X. Miniaturized TOC analyzer using dielectric barrier discharge for catalytic oxidation vapor generation and point discharge optical emission spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1172:338683. [PMID: 34119015 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Total organic carbon (TOC) is an important parameter describing organic pollution degree of waters. Due to the increasing need of field analysis and drawbacks of conventional TOC analytical instruments, miniaturized TOC analyzers are still demanding. In this work, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) microplasma was utilized for catalytic oxidation vapor generation (COVG) of organic compounds into CO2, and a point discharge (PD) microplasma was employed to excite the carbon atomic emission spectra for quantification. Sample solution with phosphoric acid and persulfate solution was injected into the DBD-COVG reactor by a syringe to convert organic compounds into CO2 efficiently and quickly, which was subsequently transported into the point discharge optical emission spectrometer (PD-OES) for detecting carbon at 193.09 nm. Under optimal experimental conditions, high oxidation efficiencies for several organic compounds were achieved, i.e., 96.4%, 95.1% and 94.3% for 50 mg L-1 potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), sodium laurylsulfonate and phenol, respectively. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 mg L-1 (as C) was obtained, with a precision of 3.9% (relative standard deviation, RSD) at 15 mg L-1 TOC standard (as C). The possible catalytic oxidation mechanism was proposed with the characteristic results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Its potential environmental application was demonstrated by successfully analyzing TOC in underground water, surface river water and surface sedimentary water samples from oil fields, with analytical results agreed well with those obtained by the commercial high-temperature combustion coupled nondispersive infrared absorption (HTC-NDIR) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Hanjiao Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Changqing Oilfield Branch Company Oil Production Plant NO.11, PetroChina Company Limited, Qingyang, Gansu, 745000, China
| | - Lin He
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
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Brecht D, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Development of an inverse low-temperature plasma ionization source for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9071. [PMID: 33625792 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE An argon inverse low-temperature plasma (iLTP) ionization source for liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The iLTP is constructed from simple chromatographic supply materials and is implemented into an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source replacing the APCI discharge needle electrode. The newly developed ion source was coupled to an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system. METHODS The argon iLTP was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy. The soft ionization of selected standards was also demonstrated by direct infusion experiments. In addition to the use of argon as the discharge gas, helium, synthetic air, and oxygen were used, which were tested for their performance using testosterone and vitamin D3 . RESULTS Spectroscopic measurements of the argon plasma were conducted, demonstrating the main emission band of argon metastables with corresponding energies of 11.53 eV and 11.72 eV. Infusion experiments indicate a gentle ionization by iLTP, e.g. caffeine, testosterone, reserpine, vitamin D3 , and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 , which resulted in the corresponding protonated molecules. The splitless coupling with UHPLC (possible flow rates >1000 μL min-1 ) shows promising results in interday repeatability (n = 10) for the substances with a relative standard deviation of less than 5% and limits of detection for caffeine, testosterone, reserpine, vitamin D3 , and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 of 10 ng L-1 , 50 ng L-1 , 500 ng L-1 , 5 μg L-1 , and 5 μg L-1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS The argon iLTP ion source presented in this work shows promising approaches in the field of ionization of small organic molecules. The mechanism related to the discharge gas argon has not been elucidated so far and further investigations are needed. The iLTP ion source shows a very good performance with UHPLC coupling, even at increased flow rates. It could be shown that an argon iLTP can compete with the helium dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) preferred in the literature, making it a more economical choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brecht
- Department of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Florian Uteschil
- Department of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Department of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen, 45141, Germany
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Spectroscopic Measurements of Dissolved O3, H2O2 and OH Radicals in Double Cylindrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge Technology: Treatment of Methylene Blue Dye Simulated Wastewater. PLASMA 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/plasma3020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) focusing on nonthermal plasma induced by dielectric barrier discharge are adequate sources of diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS) beneficial for water and wastewater treatment. In this study, indigo, peroxytitanyl sulphate and terephthalic acid methods were used to approximate the concentrations of O3, H2O2 and OH produced in a double cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (DCDBD) plasma configuration. The effect of pH and scavengers as well as the amount of chemical probes on the generation of oxidants was investigated. The efficiency of the DCDBD reactor was further evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as model pollutant. The results demonstrated that the formation of oxidants O3, H2O2 and OH in the DCDBD reactor was pH-dependent. Furthermore, the presence of scavengers such as phosphates, bicarbonates and carbonates in the solution diminished the amount of OH in the system and hence could impact upon the degree of detoxification of targeted pollutants during water and wastewater treatment. The MB simulated dye was totally decomposed into H2O, dissolved CO2 and simpler aqueous entities. Herein the DCDBD design is an adequate AOT that can be used worldwide for effective decontamination of water and wastewater.
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Miniaturized heating/ultrasound assisted direct injection - dielectric barrier discharge molecular emission spectrometry for determination of dissolved sulfide in environmental water. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Antoniadou M, Zachariadis GA, Rosenberg E. Investigating the performance characteristics of the barrier discharge ionization detector and comparison to the flame ionization detector for the gas chromatographic analysis of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1628247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antoniadou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - George A. Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Li M, Huang S, Xu K, Jiang X, Hou X. Miniaturized point discharge-radical optical emission spectrometer: A multichannel optical detector for discriminant analysis of volatile organic sulfur compounds. Talanta 2018; 188:378-384. [PMID: 30029391 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a miniaturized point discharge-radical optical emission spectrometer (PD-RES) as a multichannel optical detector for discriminant analysis of various volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Under appropriate experimental conditions, the unique molecular emission of CS radical in the vicinity of 257.6 nm was recorded, as well as the atomic emission lines of C at 193.1 nm and 247.8 nm, the molecular emission of C2 radical around 231.5 nm and CN radical nearby 384.8 nm. They were utilized as five optical channels for precise qualification and discrimination. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) further demonstrated the robustness of this detector for discriminant analysis: 95 unknown samples from ten typical VOSCs were classified with accuracy of 98.9%. This proposed detector was further successfully applied to the discrimination of different concentrations of CS2 in air samples and two types of isomers (functional group isomer and carbon-chain isomer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Shixu Huang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Kailai Xu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China; Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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9
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Dielectric barrier discharge induced atomization of gaseous methylethylmercury after NaBEt4 derivatization with purge and trap preconcentration for methylmercury determination in seawater by GC-AFS. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Han B, Li Y, He Y, Lv D, Peng L, Yu H. Miniaturized dielectric barrier discharge–atomic emission spectrometer for pesticide: Sensitive determination of thiram after derivatization with mercurial ion. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Han B, Li Y, Qian B, He Y, Peng L, Yu H. A novel liquid chromatography detector based on a dielectric barrier discharge molecular emission spectrometer with online microwave-assisted hydrolysis for determination of dithiocarbamates. Analyst 2018; 143:2790-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel detector for liquid chromatography (LC) for the determination of dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicides is presented with a miniaturized dielectric barrier discharge–microplasma molecular emission spectrometer and an online microwave-assisted hydrolysis reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Han
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Ya Li
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Bing Qian
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Yan He
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Lixu Peng
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Huamei Yu
- College of Environment and Plant Protection
- Hainan University
- Haikou
- China
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Haferl PJ, Zheng K, Wang H, Jorabchi K. Elemental quantitation of carbon via production of polyatomic anions in gas chromatography-plasma assisted reaction chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3843-3851. [PMID: 28374132 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elemental mass spectrometry offers quantitation and isotopic analysis without the need for compound-specific standards. We have recently introduced plasma assisted reaction chemical ionization (PARCI) as an efficient elemental ionization method for halogens. Here, we report a new ionization chemistry in PARCI for facile quantitation of elemental carbon in gas chromatography eluates. We demonstrate that in-plasma reactions of organic compounds followed by afterglow ionization lead to formation of polyatomic anions (CN-, OCN-, and CO3-), among which CN- offers the best analytical sensitivity with a detection limit of ~25 pg (21 pg/s) carbon on column. Using a mixture of pesticides with wide variations in structures and heteroatom content, we demonstrate that CN- ion response is quantitatively correlated with the carbon concentration over two orders of magnitude (r 2 = 0.985). We show that the novel GC-PARCI-MS method provides recoveries within 80-120% using a single standard for all analytes, highlighting the strength of elemental quantitation. Further, the ability of GC-PARCI-MS to identify 13C-tagged molecules without a priori knowledge of chemical formulas of analytes is demonstrated. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Haferl
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kunyu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Haopeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, 95051, CA, USA
| | - Kaveh Jorabchi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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A two-dimensional sensor based on dielectric barrier discharge molecular optical emission and chemiluminescence for discrimination analysis of volatile halohydrocarbons. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Zhu H, Zhou M, Lee J, Nidetz R, Kurabayashi K, Fan X. Low-Power Miniaturized Helium Dielectric Barrier Discharge Photoionization Detectors for Highly Sensitive Vapor Detection. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8780-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Menglian Zhou
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert Nidetz
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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16
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Dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma emission spectrometry for the detection of acetone in exhaled breath. Talanta 2016; 146:603-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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