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Bossema FG, Domínguez-Delmás M, Palenstijn WJ, Kostenko A, Dorscheid J, Coban SB, Hermens E, Batenburg KJ. A novel method for dendrochronology of large historical wooden objects using line trajectory X-ray tomography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11024. [PMID: 34040035 PMCID: PMC8154960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrochronology is an essential tool to determine the date and provenance of wood from historical art objects. As standard methods to access the tree rings are invasive, X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been proposed for non-invasive dendrochronological investigation. While traditional CT can provide clear images of the inner structure of wooden objects, it requires their full rotation, imposing strong limitations on the size of the object. These limitations have previously encouraged investigations into alternative acquisition trajectories, including trajectories with only linear movement. In this paper, we use such a line-trajectory (LT) X-ray tomography technique to retrieve tree-ring patterns from large wooden objects. We demonstrate that by moving a wooden artifact sideways between the static X-ray source and the detector during acquisition, sharp reconstruction images of the tree rings can be produced. We validate this technique using computer simulations and two wooden test planks, and demonstrate it on a large iconic chest from the Rijksmuseum collection (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The LT scanning method can be easily implemented in standard X-ray imaging units available at museum research facilities. Therefore, this scanning technique represents a major step towards the standard implementation of non-invasive dendrochronology on large wooden cultural heritage objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francien G Bossema
- Computational Imaging, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Science Park 123, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Conservation and Science Department, Rijksmuseum, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Domínguez-Delmás
- Conservation and Science Department, Rijksmuseum, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of History of Art, University of Amsterdam, BG2 Turfdraagsterpad 15-17, 1012 XT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Jan Palenstijn
- Computational Imaging, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Science Park 123, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kostenko
- Computational Imaging, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Science Park 123, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dorscheid
- Conservation and Science Department, Rijksmuseum, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Bethany Coban
- Computational Imaging, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Science Park 123, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erma Hermens
- Conservation and Science Department, Rijksmuseum, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of History of Art, University of Amsterdam, BG2 Turfdraagsterpad 15-17, 1012 XT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Joost Batenburg
- Computational Imaging, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Science Park 123, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Di Fazio M, Felici AC, Catalli F, Doménech-Carbó MT, De Vito C, Doménech-Carbó A. Solid-state electrochemical characterization of emissions and authorities producing Roman brass coins. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fabrizi L, Di Turo F, Medeghini L, Di Fazio M, Catalli F, De Vito C. The application of non-destructive techniques for the study of corrosion patinas of ten Roman silver coins: The case of the medieval Grosso Romanino. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Doménech-Carbó MT, Di Turo F, Montoya N, Catalli F, Doménech-Carbó A, De Vito C. FIB-FESEM and EMPA results on Antoninianus silver coins for manufacturing and corrosion processes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10676. [PMID: 30013104 PMCID: PMC6048157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of ancient Antoninianus silver coins, dating back between 249 and 274 A.D. and minted in Rome, Galliae, Orient and Ticinum, have been characterized. We use, for the first time, a combination of nano-invasive (focused ion beam-field emission scanning electron microscopy-X-ray microanalysis (FIB-FESEM-EDX), voltammetry of microparticles (VIMP)) and destructive techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA)) along with non-invasive, i.e., micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that, contrary to the extended belief, a complex Ag-Cu-Pb-Sn alloy was used. The use of alloys was common in the flourishing years of the Roman Empire. In the prosperous periods, Romans produced Ag-Cu alloys with relatively high silver content for the manufacture of both the external layers and inner nucleus of coins. This study also revealed that, although surface silvering processes were applied in different periods of crisis under the reign of Antoninii, even during crisis, Romans produced Antoninianus of high quality. Moreover, a first attempt to improve the silvering procedure using Hg-Ag amalgam has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
- Institut de Restauraciò del Patrimoni, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camì de Vera 14, 46022, Valéncia, Spain
| | - Francesca Di Turo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemí Montoya
- Departament de Quìmica Analìtica, Universitat de Valéncia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot (Valéncia), Spain
| | | | - Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Departament de Quìmica Analìtica, Universitat de Valéncia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot (Valéncia), Spain
| | - Caterina De Vito
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
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Metallurgical investigation on fourth century BCE silver jewellery of two hoards from Samaria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40659. [PMID: 28098171 PMCID: PMC5241658 DOI: 10.1038/srep40659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A fourth century BCE silver jewellery collection, which is part of two hoards of Samarian coins (the Samaria and Nablus Hoards), was studied by non-destructive analyses. The collection, which consists of pendants, rings, beads and earrings, had been examined by visual testing, multi-focal microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis. In order to enhance our knowledge of past technologies of silver jewellery production, we developed a metallurgical methodology based on the chemical composition of the joints and bulk. The results show that all artefacts are made of silver containing a small percentage of copper. Higher copper concentrations were measured in the joining regions. Our research indicates that the manufacturing of the jewellery from both hoards involved similar techniques, including casting, cutting, hammering, bending, granulating and joining methods, indicating that the artefacts were made by trained silversmiths. Although the burial date of the Samaria Hoard – 352 BCE – is some 21 years earlier than that of the Nablus Hoard – circa 331 BCE, a noted continuity in the local production technology is apparent in the analysed items. This information provides better understanding of the technological abilities in the late Persian-period province of Samaria and bears implications on the local silver coins produced in the region.
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