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Chakraborty A, Jayaseelan K. Eco-Friendly Simultaneous Estimation of Ponceau 4R and Carmoisine Employing an Analytical Quality by Design-Aided RP-HPLC Method in Commercial Food Samples Utilizing a Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:430-442. [PMID: 38457604 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ponceau 4R (E124) and carmoisine (CMS; E122) are frequently utilized azo synthetic dyes in the food industry owing to their aesthetically pleasing coloration and broad consumer acceptability. It is imperative to prioritize environmentally favorable technologies for quantifying these dyes, as excessive consumption of these poses significant health risks. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this research was to establish a reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC method that could simultaneously detect Ponceau 4R and CMS, implementing green analytical chemistry (GAC) and analytical quality by design (AQbD), using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique in commercial food samples. METHODS An Agilent Eclipse Plus column (C18, 250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 µm) was utilized for effective separation with a mobile phase of ethanol-acetate buffer pH 5 (60:40, v/v), flow rate of 1 mL/min, and detection wavelength of 515 nm. Critical variables selected for method optimization were ethanol percentage and flow rate, determined using central composite design (CCD). In order to adhere to the 12 principles of green chemistry, hazardous solvents were substituted with ethanol, which is distinguished by its ease of use, effectiveness, and ecological sustainability. The greenness assessment was conducted utilizing the green analytical procedure index (GAPI), analytical eco-scale (AES), and analytical greenness metrics (AGREE). RESULTS The respective retention times for Ponceau 4R and CMS were 2.276 and 3.450 min. The recovery rate of Ponceau 4R and CMS fluctuated between 70% and 102% and 80% and 102%, respectively, across various marketed food samples. The procedure passed validation in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization Q14 guidelines. CONCLUSION The devised method demonstrates that the validation parameters like linearity, precision, sensitivity, and reproducibility are within the specified limits of ICH guidelines. The greenness assesment tools GAPI, AES, and AGREE produced the most favorable results. HIGHLIGHTS In future, environmentally sustainable, solvent-based, robust AQbD methodologies for assessing varieties of food colorants may be adopted and improved commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atyurmila Chakraborty
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Kavitha Jayaseelan
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Chocholouš P, Matoušová K, Šatínský D, Krčmová LK, Sklenářová H. Longevity and other practical benefits of monolithic silica columns in the analysis of samples with complex matrices. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300448. [PMID: 37582639 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
At the turn of the millennium, the monolithic columns invoked new chances in HPLC. Even more than their organic polymer-based siblings, the inorganic silica-based monoliths targeted the territory of classical fully porous particle-packed columns, promising many benefits. Based on the number of published articles, the monoliths attracted academics just in the first few years after their introduction to the market. Lately, as superficially porous particles and sub-2-micron fully porous particles dominated the market, they stayed in the focus of routine laboratories and those who really appreciated the high porosity of the monolithic bed. The monoliths' practical benefits cannot be easily traced in the literature when they gradually lose academics' interest. Nevertheless, after more than 20 years of our experience, we still favor silica monoliths for their low back pressure and longevity when analyzing samples of clinical, pharmaceutical, and environmental origin. At the same time, the high permeability of monoliths enabled the birth of sequential injection chromatography, the medium-pressure separation technique based on the flexible flow manifold. This minireview aims to check, discuss, and summarize the practical aspects of monolithic silica columns in HPLC and medium-pressure sequential injection chromatography (SIC) that may not be visible at first sight but are evident retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Chocholouš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Šatínský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sklenářová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Li X, Xu X, Guo L, Song S, Liu L, Zhu Y, Kuang H, Xu C, Xu L. Development of ic-ELISA and colloidal cold-based immunochromatographic assay for red 2G detection in fruit drinks, red wine, and yoghurts. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Si H, Wang Q, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Li S, Wang S, Zhu B. Functionalized monolithic columns: Recent advancements and their applications for high-efficiency separation and enrichment in food and medicine. Front Chem 2022; 10:951649. [PMID: 35991596 PMCID: PMC9388943 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.951649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatographic column is the core of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, and must have excellent separation efficiency and selectivity. Therefore, functional modification materials for monolithic columns have been rapidly developed. This study is a systematic review of the recently reported functionalized monolithic columns. In particular, the study reviews the types of functional monomers under different modification conditions, as well as the separation and detection techniques combined with chromatography, and their development prospects. In addition, the applications of functionalized monolithic columns in food analysis, biomedicine, and the analysis of active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicines in recent years are also discussed. Also reviewed are the functionalized monolithic columns for qualitative and quantitative analysis. It provided a reference for further development and application of organic polymer monolithic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Si
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Wang,
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongya Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuna Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Baocheng Zhu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Gama MR, Rocha FR. Solventless separation of underivatized biogenic amines by sequential injection chromatography. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Xiang P, Yang Y, Zhao Z, Wang J, Chen M, Chen A, Liu S. Performing flow injection chromatography using a narrow open tubular column. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1109:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kiayi Z, Lotfabad TB, Heidarinasab A, Shahcheraghi F. Microbial degradation of azo dye carmoisine in aqueous medium using Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:608-619. [PMID: 30953978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carmoisine is an azo dye widely used in many industries, and therefore frequently occurs in the effluent of many factories. To our knowledge, biological degradation of carmoisine has received little attention. The present study investigates the capability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 for degradation of carmoisine. Spectrophotometry data indicates that carmoisine (50 mg/l) was eliminated from the aqueous medium after approximately 7 h of incubation with Saccharomyces under anaerobic shaking conditions. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the removal of carmoisine as well as the appearance of aromatic amines in samples collected from the decolourized medium by S. cerevisiae and this was subsequently confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was carried out on fractions from consecutive column chromatography and two-dimensional (2D) chromatography. LC/MS indicated degradation of carmoisine into its constituent aromatic amines. In addition, investigating the effect of environmental conditions on the decolourization process indicated that yeast extract could positively affect decolourization rates; shaking significantly accelerated decolourization and shortened the time required for complete biodecolourization from ≃ 8 days to ≃ 7 h; and Saccharomyces was able to consume sucrose as a carbon source and remove the carmoisine despite the presence of sunset yellow, which remained unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kiayi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tayebe Bagheri Lotfabad
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15, Tehran-Karaj Highway, P.O. Box: 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Heidarinasab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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GAMA MARIANAR, MELCHERT WANESSAR, PAIXÃO THIAGOR, ROCHA FÁBIOR. An overview of the Brazilian contributions to Green Analytical Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 91:e20180294. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Davletbaeva P, Chocholouš P, Bulatov A, Šatínský D, Solich P. Sub–1 min separation in sequential injection chromatography for determination of synthetic water-soluble dyes in pharmaceutical formulation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 143:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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