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Zhou X, Tian T, Li X, Liu S, Zhang Q. A high-accuracy measurement procedure for salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol in pork by isotope dilution-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 459:140357. [PMID: 39003851 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In-depth research into the precise evaluation of enzymatic digestion efficiency and the selection of a suitable deuterium-labelled internal standard remains a gap in the accurate determination of β2-agonists in animal-derived food by isotope dilution-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS). In this study, the enzymatic digestion conditions were optimized by monitoring the presence of β2-agonist conjugates in positive samples, which proved to be reliable for ensuring complete enzymatic digestion. Comparative analysis of deuterium-labelled internal standards for salbutamol (SAL), ractopamine (RAC), and clenbuterol (CLB) revealed that CLB-D6 and SAL-D9 were less effective in compensating for matrix effects due to hydrogen‑deuterium exchange during MS fragment formation. Consequently, SAL-D3, RAC-D3 and CLB-D9 were chosen for the implementation of ID-LC-MS/MS. The developed method demonstrates high accuracy and precision, with the average recoveries ranging from 93.8% to 107.3% with RSD <6.1%, which can provide higher-order measurement results for β2-agonists in pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiuqin Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Liu R, Tang X, Xiong R, Li L, Du X, He L. Simultaneous determination of fourteen β 2-agonist enantiomers in food animal muscles by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1193:123169. [PMID: 35180545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Illegal drug residues in animal derived foods are closely related to human's life and health. Studies on illegal drug residues and the metabolism, such as β2-agonists in animals have attracted more and more attention. In most cases, β2-agonists are suppliedand used astheracemate. The metabolic process and distribution of the two enantiomers in animal tissues are different. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a simple and fast method for chiral resolution of these drugs in animal tissues. In this paper, a reliable resolution and determination method was presented using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for fourteen enantiomers of seven β2-agonist racemates, clenbuterol (CLE), salbutamol (SAL), cimaterol (CIM), terbutaline (TER), clorprenaline (CLO), tulobuterol (TUL), penbuterol (PEN) in pork, beef, and lamb muscle samples. The samples were added the internal standard solution (IS) and extracted in the alkaline medium with acetonitrile. The further sample purification was accomplished through MCX solid phase extraction cartridge. Chromatographic chiral separation was carried out on a VancoShell chiral column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol and 10 mmol mL-1 ammonium formate aqueous solution (85:15, v/v). Under the optimized conditions, the resolution (R) of CIM was 2.0, CLE and PEN were 1.5, the others were all greater than 1.0. Enantiomeric determination was performed in the positive electrospray ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The correlation coefficient (r) in the range of 0.2-25.0 μg L-1 was above 0.993. The average recoveries at the three spiking levels ranged from 95.3% to 117.7% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 15%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of β2-agonist enantiomers was 0.2 μg kg-1 and 0.5 μg kg-1 respectively. The method was successfully applied in the analysis and evaluation of β2-agonist enantiomers in positive food animal muscle samples, CLE, SAL, TEB and CIM enantiomers were detected. The concentrations of the corresponding enantiomers were in the range of 1.06-17.3 μg kg-1, the lowest enantiomer fraction (EF) value was 0.42, and the highest value was 0.69. The work is expected to provide a method for chiral separation and enantiomeric determination of the further study of pharmacology, toxicity and residue elimination of β2-agonist enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoling Tang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Renping Xiong
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxi Du
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Limin He
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Moeller BC, Clifford A, Emery RT, Alarcio G, Favro G, Arthur RM. Detection and Confirmation of Zilpaterol in Equine Hair Using Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:31-38. [PMID: 34355536 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zilpaterol is a β2 -adrenergic agonist and a repartitioning agent that has a high potential for abuse in equine performance athletes. Analysis of zilpaterol in hair is an alternative sampling matrix that extends detection time periods beyond those found in urine or blood samples. Our laboratory has been screening for zilpaterol in hair for many years and recently detected and confirmed its presence in official samples. Accordingly, a liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to detect and confirm zilpaterol in equine hair. Briefly, equine hair was decontaminated, cut, and pulverized prior to disruption and liquid-liquid extraction in basic conditions. Following extraction, the sample was introduced to an Agilent 1260 HPLC and zilpaterol was separated using a reverse phase gradient with a total run time of 12.5 minutes. Following chromatographic separation, zilpaterol and its corresponding stable isotope labeled internal standard were introduced via positive mode electrospray ionization to a Thermo Q-Exactive Plus mass spectrometer and spectra collected using parallel reaction monitoring. The methodology was validated using in-house criteria including characterization of accuracy, precision, recovery, linear range, matrix effects, limit of detection and limit of quantitation and the method was found to be fit-for-purpose to confirm the presence of zilpaterol in equine hair. This methodology has been used to detect and confirm the presence of zilpaterol from out-of-competition hair samples submitted by regional racing authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Moeller
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Amel Clifford
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Richard T Emery
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Gwen Alarcio
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Gianna Favro
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Rick M Arthur
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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da Silva MC, Borgati TF, Rocha DG, Lana MAG, Faria AF. A Quantitative and Confirmatory Method Employing Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Hybrid High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and QuEChERS for the Determination of Thirty-Seven Growth Promoter Residues in Bovine Urine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7990-7996. [PMID: 34227807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 37 growth promoters were quantitatively determined in bovine urine using a QuEChERS approach with acetonitrile, NaCl, and MgSO4:PSA for sample extraction. The analytes were separated and detected by liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method was validated in accordance with the Decision 657/2002/EC guidelines, in which recoveries fell within the range 84-113%, relative standard varied between 2 and 32%, and detection limit between 0.1 and 2.5 μg L-1. An adequate performance was evidenced during a proficiency test evaluation, and the developed method has been applied to routine analysis of growth promoters in Brazil. A highlight is the easiness of sample extraction combined with a quantitative determination of forbidden drugs using high-resolution mass spectrometry, which enables retrospective analysis in a surveillance perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C da Silva
- Department of Chemistry - Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago F Borgati
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants in Food of the Agricultural Defense Federal Laboratory of Minas Gerais. Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Diego G Rocha
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants in Food of the Agricultural Defense Federal Laboratory of Minas Gerais. Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Mary Ane G Lana
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants in Food of the Agricultural Defense Federal Laboratory of Minas Gerais. Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Faria
- Department of Chemistry - Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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Bibani M, Ktari N, Fourati N, Zerrouki C, Kalfat R. A Better Understanding of Diethylstilbestrol Electro‐oxidation: Towards the Design of an Electrochemical Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malek Bibani
- Laboratoire Matériaux Traitement et Analyse, INRAP, BiotechPole Sidi-Thabet 2020- Ariana Tunisia
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached 1068- Tunis Tunisia
| | - Nadia Ktari
- Laboratoire Matériaux Traitement et Analyse, INRAP, BiotechPole Sidi-Thabet 2020- Ariana Tunisia
| | - Najla Fourati
- SATIE UMR 8029, CNRS, ENS-Cachan, Cnam, 292 rue Saint Martin 75003- Paris France
| | - Chouki Zerrouki
- SATIE UMR 8029, CNRS, ENS-Cachan, Cnam, 292 rue Saint Martin 75003- Paris France
| | - Rafik Kalfat
- Laboratoire Matériaux Traitement et Analyse, INRAP, BiotechPole Sidi-Thabet 2020- Ariana Tunisia
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The Twice-Oxidized Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Composite SERS Substrate for Sensitive Detection of Clenbuterol Residues in Animal-Origin Food Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Advancing the analysis of terbutaline in urine samples using novel enzyme hydrolysis. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1853-1860. [PMID: 30371108 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the efficiency of two new fast-acting enzymes, recombinant arylsulfatase (IMCS-PSF) and mutant β-glucuronidase from Escherichia coli (IMCSzyme), in hydrolyzing specific terbutaline metabolites. Materials & methods: Two purified novel enzymes are used to precisely determine the amount of each metabolite in urine at different time points after oral administration. After systematically evaluating the hydrolysis efficiency of the novel enzymes compared with commercially available enzymes, these recently developed enzymes were applied to establish the separate urine concentration profiles of terbutaline and each metabolite. Results & discussion: The results highlight the highly efficient arylsulfatase enzyme expressed from E. coli for urine analysis of terbutaline while suggesting sulfoconjugates as the main terbutaline metabolites. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the high efficiency of the IMCS-PSF enzyme in hydrolyzing terbutaline conjugates in comparison with other enzyme reagents typically used for the analysis of terbutaline and sulfoconjugates are the main terbutaline metabolites in urine.
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Silveira AL, G de Oliveira ML, Rocha DG, Dracz S, Borgati TF, Lana MAG, Augusti R, Faria AF. Multiresidue Determination of the Anabolic-Agent Residues Steroids, Stilbenes, and Resorcylic Acid Lactones in Bovine Urine by GC-MS/MS with Microwave-Assisted Derivatization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8630-8638. [PMID: 30020779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a GC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of anabolic-agent residues in bovine urine. The optimized sample preparation was as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase-sulfatase enzyme from Helix pomatia for 16 h at 37.5 °C, liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether, solid-phase extraction with HLB and aminopropylsilane cartridges, and microwave-assisted derivatization using 25 μL of MSTFA/NH4I/ethanethiol and full microwave power for 2 min. The method was validated according to Decision 657/2002/EC, Codex Alimentarius, and Manual da Garantia da Qualidade Analítica guidelines. The acceptability criteria for quantitative analysis were met for α-ethinylestradiol, α-nandrolone, β-estradiol, β-zearalanol, β-zearalenol, drostanolone, ethisterone, dienestrol, diethylstilbestrol, hexestrol, megestrol, methyltestosterone, and zearalenone. The analytes α-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, and norethandrolone were validated for qualitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Silveira
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais 31270-901 , Brazil
| | - Mauro Lúcio G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pesticides , National Agricultural Laboratory of Minas Gerais , Pedro Leopoldo , Minas Gerais 33600-000 , Brazil
| | - Diego G Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais 31270-901 , Brazil
- Laboratory of Residues of Veterinary Drugs , National Agricultural Laboratory of Minas Gerais , Pedro Leopoldo , Minas Gerais 33600-000 , Brazil
| | - Sérgio Dracz
- Laboratory of Residues of Veterinary Drugs , National Agricultural Laboratory of Minas Gerais , Pedro Leopoldo , Minas Gerais 33600-000 , Brazil
| | - Thiago F Borgati
- Laboratory of Residues of Veterinary Drugs , National Agricultural Laboratory of Minas Gerais , Pedro Leopoldo , Minas Gerais 33600-000 , Brazil
| | - Mary Ane G Lana
- Laboratory of Residues of Veterinary Drugs , National Agricultural Laboratory of Minas Gerais , Pedro Leopoldo , Minas Gerais 33600-000 , Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais 31270-901 , Brazil
| | - Adriana F Faria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais 31270-901 , Brazil
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Karamolegou F, Dasenaki M, Belessi V, Georgakilas V, Thomaidis N. Multi-Residue Determination of 7 β-Agonists in Liver and Meat Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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