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NMR Tracing of Food Geographical Origin: The Impact of Seasonality, Cultivar and Production Year on Data Analysis. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The traceability of typical foodstuffs is necessary to protect high quality of traditional products. It is well-known that several factors could influence metabolites content in certified foods, but soil composition, altitude, latitude and coded production protocols constitute the territorial conditions responsible for the peculiar organoleptic and nutritional properties of labelled foods. Instead, regardless of origin, seasonality, cultivar, collection year can affect all agricultural products, so it is appropriate to include them in data analysis in order to obtain a correct interpretation of the differences linked to growing areas alone. Therefore, it is useful to use a flexible all-round technique, and NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis is considered a powerful means of assessing food authenticity. The purpose of this review is to investigate the relevance of year, cultivar, and seasonal period in the determination of food geographical origin using NMR spectroscopy. The strategy for testing these three factors may differ from author to author, but a preliminary study of cultivar or collection year effects on NMR spectra is the most popular method before starting the geographical characterization of samples. In summary, based on the available literature, the most significant influence is due to cultivar, followed by harvesting year, however seasonality is not considered a source of variability in data analysis.
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Fanelli V, Mascio I, Miazzi MM, Savoia MA, De Giovanni C, Montemurro C. Molecular Approaches to Agri-Food Traceability and Authentication: An Updated Review. Foods 2021; 10:1644. [PMID: 34359514 PMCID: PMC8306823 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the demand for molecular tools for authenticating and tracing agri-food products has significantly increased. Food safety and quality have gained an increased interest for consumers, producers, and retailers, therefore, the availability of analytical methods for the determination of food authenticity and the detection of major adulterations takes on a fundamental role. Among the different molecular approaches, some techniques such as the molecular markers-based methods are well established, while some innovative approaches such as isothermal amplification-based methods and DNA metabarcoding have only recently found application in the agri-food sector. In this review, we provide an overview of the most widely used molecular techniques for fresh and processed agri-food authentication and traceability, showing their recent advances and applications and discussing their main advantages and limitations. The application of these techniques to agri-food traceability and authentication can contribute a great deal to the reassurance of consumers in terms of transparency and food safety and may allow producers and retailers to adequately promote their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fanelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.M.); (M.M.M.); (M.A.S.); (C.D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Isabella Mascio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.M.); (M.M.M.); (M.A.S.); (C.D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Monica Marilena Miazzi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.M.); (M.M.M.); (M.A.S.); (C.D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Michele Antonio Savoia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.M.); (M.M.M.); (M.A.S.); (C.D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio De Giovanni
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.M.); (M.M.M.); (M.A.S.); (C.D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.M.); (M.M.M.); (M.A.S.); (C.D.G.); (C.M.)
- Spin off Sinagri s.r.l., University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection–Support Unit Bari, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Mottese AF, Sabatino G, Di Bella M, Fede MR, Parisi F, Marcianò G, Tripodo A, Italiano F, Dugo G, Caridi F. Contribution of soil compositions, harvested times and varieties on chemical fingerprint of Italian and Turkish citrus cultivars. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francesco Mottese
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT) University of Messina Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata Messina98166Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sabatino
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT) University of Messina Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata Messina98166Italy
| | - Marcella Di Bella
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Palermo Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo and Milazzo Office, Via dei Mille 4698057 Milazzo Messina Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN) Villa Comunale Napoli80121Italy
| | - Maria Rita Fede
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging SASTAS Section University of Messina Viale Annunziata Messina98168Italy
| | - Francesco Parisi
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT) University of Messina Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata Messina98166Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marcianò
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT) University of Messina Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata Messina98166Italy
| | - Alessandro Tripodo
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT) University of Messina Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata Messina98166Italy
| | - Francesco Italiano
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Palermo Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo and Milazzo Office, Via dei Mille 4698057 Milazzo Messina Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging SASTAS Section University of Messina Viale Annunziata Messina98168Italy
| | - Francesco Caridi
- Department of Reggio Calabria, Environmental Protection Agency of Calabria Italy (ARPACAL) Via Troncovito SNC Reggio Calabria89135Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences (UniCamillus) Via di Sant’Alessandro, 8 Rome00131Italy
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Hegazi NM, El-Shamy S, Fahmy H, Farag MA. Pomegranate juice as a super-food: A comprehensive review of its extraction, analysis, and quality assessment approaches. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Salvino RA, Colella MF, De Luca G. NMR-based metabolomics analysis of Calabrian citrus fruit juices and its application to industrial process quality control. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li W, Zhao F, Pan J, Qu H. Influence of ethanol concentration of extraction solvent on metabolite profiling for Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma extract by 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Recent development in the application of analytical techniques for the traceability and authenticity of food of plant origin. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Amino Acid Profile of Fruits as Potential Fingerprints of Varietal Origin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244500. [PMID: 31818015 PMCID: PMC6943721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the capability of the 1H-NMR profiling of fruits from different genera in combination with multivariate data analysis to provide feasible information for fruit juices’ authenticity in terms of botanical origin. Nine fruit varieties from four genera were selected for the experimental plan. The juice obtained from the fruits was characterized using the 1H-NMR technique, selecting the obtained amino acid profile of fruits as a potential specific fingerprint. Due to the complex information provided by the NMR spectra, a chemometric approach of the data was further applied to enable the differentiation of the fruit samples, highlighting thus its suitability as a discrimination tool for the varietal origin. The advantage of this analytical approach is given by the relatively simple working procedure, which consists of an easy, fast, and accessible preparation stage while providing complex information on fruit composition.
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Xue Y, Qing LS, Yong L, Xu XS, Hu B, Tang MQ, Xie J. Determination of Flavonoid Glycosides by UPLC-MS to Authenticate Commercial Lemonade. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163016. [PMID: 31434256 PMCID: PMC6719059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, there is no report on the quality evaluation of lemonade available in the market. In this study, a sample preparation method was developed for the determination of flavonoid glycosides by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) based on vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. First, potential flavonoids in lemonade were scanned and identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS). Five flavonoid glycosides were identified as eriocitrin, narirutin, hesperidin, rutin, and diosmin according to the molecular formula provided by TOF/MS and subsequent confirmation of the authentic standard. Then, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ/MS) method was developed to determine these five flavonoid glycosides in lemonade. The results showed that the content of rutin in some lemonade was unreasonably high. We suspected that many illegal manufacturers achieved the goal of low-cost counterfeiting lemonade by adding rutin. This suggested that it was necessary for relevant departments of the state to make stricter regulations on the quality standards of lemonade beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Yong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian-Shun Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming-Qing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
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Marchetti L, Pellati F, Benvenuti S, Bertelli D. Use of 1H NMR to Detect the Percentage of Pure Fruit Juices in Blends. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142592. [PMID: 31319471 PMCID: PMC6680500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of high-nutritional-value juice blends is increasing worldwide and, considering the large market volume, fraud and adulteration represent an ongoing problem. Therefore, advanced anti-fraud tools are needed. This study aims to verify the potential of 1H NMR combined with partial least squares regression (PLS) to determine the relative percentage of pure fruit juices in commercial blends. Apple, orange, pineapple, and pomegranate juices were selected to set up an experimental plan and then mixed in different proportions according to a central composite design (CCD). NOESY (nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy) experiments that suppress the water signal were used. Considering the high complexity of the spectra, it was necessary to pretreat and then analyze by chemometric tools the large amount of information contained in the raw data. PLS analysis was performed using venetian-blind internal cross-validation, and the model was established using different chemometric indicators (RMSEC, RMSECV, RMSEP, R2CAL, R2CV, R2PRED). PLS produced the best model, using five factors explaining 94.51 and 88.62% of the total variance in X and Y, respectively. The present work shows the feasibility and advantages of using 1H NMR spectral data in combination with multivariate analysis to develop and optimize calibration models potentially useful for detecting fruit juice adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Bertelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Esteki M, Regueiro J, Simal-Gándara J. Tackling Fraudsters with Global Strategies to Expose Fraud in the Food Chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:425-440. [PMID: 33336950 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deliberate adulteration of food products is as old as food processing and production systems. Food adulteration is occurring increasingly often today. With globalization and complex distribution systems, adulteration may have a far-reaching impact and even adverse consequences on well-being. The means of the international community to confront and solve food fraud today are scattered and largely ineffective. A collective approach is needed to identify all stakeholders in the food supply chain, certify and qualify them, exclude those failing to meet applicable standards, and track food in a real time. This review provides some background into the drivers of fraudulent practices (economically motivated adulteration, food-industry perspectives, and consumers' perceptions of fraud) and discusses a wide range of the currently available technologies for detecting food adulteration followed by multivariate pattern recognition tools. Food chain integrity policies are discussed. Future directions in research, concerned not only with food adulterers but also with food safety and climate change, may be useful for researchers in developing interdisciplinary approaches to contemporary problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esteki
- Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45195-313, Iran
| | - J Regueiro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Faculty, Univ. of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - J Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Faculty, Univ. of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004, Ourense, Spain
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