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Okolo CA, Kilcawley KN, O'Connor C. Recent advances in whiskey analysis for authentication, discrimination, and quality control. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4957-4992. [PMID: 37823807 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to safeguard authentic whiskey products from fraudulent or counterfeit practices, high throughput solutions that provide robust, rapid, and reliable solutions are required. The implementation of some analytical strategies is quite challenging or costly in routine analysis. Qualitative screening of whiskey products has been explored, but due to the nonspecificity of the chemical compounds, a more quantitative confirmatory technique is required to validate the result of the whiskey analysis. Hence, combining analytical and chemometric methods has been fundamental in whiskey sample differentiation and classification. A comprehensive update on the most relevant and current analytical techniques, including spectroscopic, chromatographic, and novel technologies employed within the last 5 years in whiskey analysis for authentication, discrimination, and quality control, are presented. Furthermore, the technical challenges in employing these analytical techniques, future trends, and perspectives are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioke A Okolo
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran N Kilcawley
- Food Quality & Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Co Cork, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine O'Connor
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Pypin AA, Shik AV, Stepanova IA, Doroshenko IA, Podrugina TA, Beklemishev MK. A Reaction-Based Optical Fingerprinting Strategy for the Recognition of Fat-Soluble Samples: Discrimination of Motor Oils. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7682. [PMID: 37765739 PMCID: PMC10535383 DOI: 10.3390/s23187682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Optical "fingerprints" are widely used for chemometrics-assisted recognition of samples of different types. An emerging trend in this area is the transition from obtaining "static" spectral data to reactions analyzed over time. Indicator reactions are usually carried out in aqueous solutions; in this study, we developed reactions that proceed in an organic solvent, thereby making it possible to recognize fat-soluble samples. In this capacity, we used 5W40, 10W40, and 5W30 motor oils from four manufacturers, with six samples in total. The procedure involved mixing a dye, sample, and reagents (HNO3, HCl, or tert-butyl hydroperoxide) in an ethanolic solution in a 96-well plate and measuring absorbance or near-infrared fluorescence intensity every several minutes for 20-55 min. The obtained photographic images were processed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (kNN). Discrimination accuracy was evaluated by a validation procedure. A reaction of oxidation of a dye by nitric acid allowed us to recognize all six samples with 100% accuracy for LDA. Merging of data from the four reactions that did not provide complete discrimination ensured an accuracy of 93% for kNN. The newly developed indicator systems have good prospects for the discrimination of other fat-soluble samples. Overall, the results confirm the viability of the kinetics-based discrimination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail K. Beklemishev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (I.A.S.); (I.A.D.); (T.A.P.)
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Shik AV, Skorobogatov EV, Bliznyuk UA, Chernyaev AP, Avdyukhina VM, Yu Borschegovskaya P, Zolotov SA, Baytler MO, Doroshenko IA, Podrugina TA, Beklemishev MK. Estimation of doses absorbed by potato tubers under electron beam or X-ray irradiation using an optical fingerprinting strategy. Food Chem 2023; 414:135668. [PMID: 36841105 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
High-energy electron beam and X-ray processing of foods can be used for extending their storage life and for combating pests and pathogens. Several instrumental techniques are used to estimate irradiation doses in foods, but these methods are complex and laborious, require expensive equipment, and do not always allow to determine low doses. This study was aimed at developing simple methods for detecting irradiation in potato tubers and for dose estimation. We used a "fingerprinting" strategy that does not involve quantitation of any compound; instead, the rate of indicator reactions involving carbocyanine dyes is measured. The dye content was monitored by its near-infrared fluorescence intensity and visible-light absorption. Potatoes not subjected to treatment and those irradiated with different doses (10, 100, 1000, 5000, or 10,000 Gray) could be distinguished by linear discriminant analysis. Thus, the order of magnitude of the absorbed dose can be estimated with 89% ± 3% accuracy for a mixture of tubers of two potato varieties irradiated with an electron beam or with 95% ± 8% accuracy for one variety irradiated with an X-ray source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Shik
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia.
| | - Evgenii V Skorobogatov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia
| | - Ulyana A Bliznyuk
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia; Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia.
| | - Alexander P Chernyaev
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia; Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia.
| | | | - Polina Yu Borschegovskaya
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia; Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Zolotov
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia; Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia
| | - Maksim O Baytler
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia
| | - Irina A Doroshenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Podrugina
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia.
| | - Mikhail K Beklemishev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russia.
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Basalekou M, Kyraleou M, Kallithraka S. Authentication of wine and other alcohol-based beverages—Future global scenario. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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5
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Stepanova IA, Lebedeva AN, Shik AV, Skorobogatov EV, Beklemishev MK. Recognition and Determination of Sulfonamides by Near-IR Fluorimetry Using Their Effect on the Rate of the Catalytic Oxidation of a Carbocyanine Dye by Hydrogen Peroxide. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821120121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rukosueva EA, Belikova VA, Krylov IN, Orekhov VS, Skorobogatov EV, Garmash AV, Beklemishev MK. Evaluation of Discrimination Performance in Case for Multiple Non-Discriminated Samples: Classification of Honeys by Fluorescent Fingerprinting. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20185351. [PMID: 32961995 PMCID: PMC7570986 DOI: 10.3390/s20185351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study we develop a variant of fluorescent sensor array technique based on addition of fluorophores to samples. A correct choice of fluorophores is critical for the successful application of the technique, which calls for the necessity of comparing different discrimination protocols. We used 36 honey samples from different sources to which various fluorophores were added (tris-(2,2'-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+), zinc(II) 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate (8-Ox-Zn), and thiazole orange in the presence of two types of deoxyribonucleic acid). The fluorescence spectra were obtained within 400-600 nm and treated by principal component analysis (PCA). No fluorophore allowed for the discrimination of all samples. To evaluate the discrimination performance of fluorophores, we introduced crossing number (CrN) calculated as the number of mutual intersections of confidence ellipses in the PCA scores plots, and relative position (RP) characterized by the pairwise mutual location of group centers and their most distant points. CrN and RP parameters correlated with each other, with total sensitivity (TS) calculated by Mahalanobis distances, and with the overall rating based on all metrics, with coefficients of correlation over 0.7. Most of the considered parameters gave the first place in the discrimination performance to Ru(bpy)32+ fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Rukosueva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.R.); (I.N.K.); (V.S.O.); (E.V.S.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Valeria A. Belikova
- Laboratory of Multivariate Analysis and Global Modeling, Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya str., 443100 Samara, Russia;
| | - Ivan N. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.R.); (I.N.K.); (V.S.O.); (E.V.S.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Vladislav S. Orekhov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.R.); (I.N.K.); (V.S.O.); (E.V.S.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Evgenii V. Skorobogatov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.R.); (I.N.K.); (V.S.O.); (E.V.S.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Andrei V. Garmash
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.R.); (I.N.K.); (V.S.O.); (E.V.S.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Mikhail K. Beklemishev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.R.); (I.N.K.); (V.S.O.); (E.V.S.); (A.V.G.)
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Surkova A, Bogomolov A, Legin A, Kirsanov D. Calibration Transfer for LED-Based Optical Multisensor Systems. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2587-2595. [PMID: 32691588 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multivariate calibration transfer is widely used to expand the applicability of the existing regression model to new analytical devices of the same or similar type. The present research proves the feasibility of calibration model transfer between a full-scale laboratory spectrometer and an optical multisensor system based on only four light-emitting diodes with different wavelengths. The model transfer between two multisensor systems of this kind has also been studied. Both possibilities were successfully performed without any significant loss of precision using a designed set of training and transfer samples. Direct standardization and slope and bias correction protocols for model transfer were tested and compared. The best model transfer between two optical multisensor systems was obtained using direct standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Surkova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, Mendeleev Center, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Samara State Technical University, Molodogvardeyskaya Street 244, 443100 Samara, Russia
| | - Andrey Bogomolov
- Samara State Technical University, Molodogvardeyskaya Street 244, 443100 Samara, Russia
- Endress+Hauser Liquid Analysis GmbH+Co. KG, Anthon-Huber-Strasse 20, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Andrey Legin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, Mendeleev Center, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kirsanov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, Mendeleev Center, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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