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Costante MR, García Einschlag FS. Assessment of key processes that govern the degradation of mixtures in photo-Fenton systems. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Recent Progress, Challenges, and Trends in Polymer-Based Sensors: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112164. [PMID: 35683835 PMCID: PMC9182651 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers are long-chain, highly molecular weight molecules containing large numbers of repeating units within their backbone derived from the product of polymerization of monomeric units. The materials exhibit unique properties based on the types of bonds that exist within their structures. Among these, some behave as rubbers because of their excellent bending ability, lightweight nature, and shape memory. Moreover, their tunable chemical, structural, and electrical properties make them promising candidates for their use as sensing materials. Polymer-based sensors are highly utilized in the current scenario in the public health sector and environment control due to their rapid detection, small size, high sensitivity, and suitability in atmospheric conditions. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to highlight the current progress in polymer-based sensors. More importantly, this review provides general trends and challenges in sensor technology based on polymer materials.
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Magnaghi LR, Zanoni C, Alberti G, Quadrelli P, Biesuz R. Towards intelligent packaging: BCP-EVOH@ optode for milk freshness measurement. Talanta 2022; 241:123230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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R.F. Lima A, Pereira RC, Azevedo J, Mendes A, Sérgio Seixas de Melo J. On the path to aqueous organic redox flow batteries: Alizarin red S alkaline negolyte. Performance evaluation and photochemical studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Magnaghi LR, Alberti G, Quadrelli P, Biesuz R. Development of a Dye-Based Device to Assess Poultry Meat Spoilage. Part I: Building and Testing the Sensitive Array. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12702-12709. [PMID: 33125233 PMCID: PMC8015209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The rationale behind the material and dye selection and the investigation of the properties of a solid-phase sensor array designed for following chicken meat spoilage is presented, having in mind that the final target must be the naked eye identification of the degradation steps. The device is obtained by fixing five acid-base indicators, m-cresol purple (1), o-cresol red (2), bromothymol blue (3), thymol blue (4), and chlorophenol red (5), and a sensing molecule specific for thiols, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrodibenzoic acid), called Ellman's reagent, (6) on a commercial cellulose-based support. The dimensions of the sensor and the amount of dye sorbed on the solid are carefully studied. The preparation protocol to get reproducible sensing materials is established, based on the kinetic study and the color change investigation. The material stability and the capacity of changing color, according to the acid-base properties of the dyes, are tested. The sources of uncertainty, coming from the technique employed for signal data acquisition and treatment and from the intrinsic variability of the spots based on the commercial support, are established. The highest variability does not come from photo acquisition by a mobile phone, the effect of the illumination equipment, the partial least-squares (PLS) model employed to assess the amount of dye sorbed into the solid but from the variability of different spots and was found equal to 10%. The uncertainty is adequate for final employment since it is referred to as replicates under different conditions that are definitively judged almost always identical by naked eye evaluation, which is our last target for assessing a change of the colors associated with spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rita Magnaghi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unità
di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giancarla Alberti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Quadrelli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unità
di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Raffaela Biesuz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unità
di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Magnaghi LR, Alberti G, Capone F, Zanoni C, Mannucci B, Quadrelli P, Biesuz R. Development of a Dye-Based Device to Assess the Poultry Meat Spoilage. Part II: Array on Act. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12710-12718. [PMID: 33118801 PMCID: PMC8015225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a colorimetric dye-based array for naked-eye detection of chicken meat spoilage. The array is obtained by fixing five acid-base indicators, m-cresol purple (1), o-cresol red (2), bromothymol blue (3), thymol blue (4), and chlorophenol red (5), and a sensing molecule specific for thiols, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrodibenzoic acid), called Ellman's reagent (6), on a cellulose-based support. The dyes, being permanently charged, are fixed on the support via ion-exchange. The entire degradation process of beast poultry meat, at ambient temperature and in a domestic fridge, is followed by the change of the color of the array, placed in the headspace over the meat samples. The device is set after selection of the most suitable starting form, which could be the acidic or the basic color of indicators, being the proper dye concentration and the dimension of the spots already established. Basing on sensors colors, we identified three levels of the degradation process of chicken meat, named SAFE, WARNING, and HAZARD. By instrumental analysis, we demonstrated that sensors response was correlated to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition in the headspace and, thus, to meat spoilage progress. We demonstrated that biogenic amines (BAs), commonly considered a critical spoilage marker, are indeed produced into the samples but never present in the headspace, even in traces, during the investigated time-lapse. The VOC evolution nevertheless allows one to assign the sample as WARNING and further HAZARD. Some indicators turned out to be more informative than others, and the best candidates for a future industrial application resulted in a bromothymol blue (3)-, chlorophenol red (5)-, and Ellman's reagent (6)-based array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rita Magnaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unità
di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giancarla Alberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Capone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilla Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Mannucci
- Centro
Grandi Strumenti, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Quadrelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unità
di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Raffaela Biesuz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unità
di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Disposable and Low-Cost Colorimetric Sensors for Environmental Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228331. [PMID: 33187161 PMCID: PMC7697538 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environmental contamination affects human health and reduces the quality of life. Therefore, the monitoring of water and air quality is important, ensuring that all areas are acquiescent with the current legislation. Colorimetric sensors deliver quick, naked-eye detection, low-cost, and adequate determination of environmental analytes. In particular, disposable sensors are cheap and easy-to-use devices for single-shot measurements. Due to increasing requests for in situ analysis or resource-limited zones, disposable sensors’ development has increased. This review provides a brief insight into low-cost and disposable colorimetric sensors currently used for environmental analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of different colorimetric devices for environmental analysis are discussed.
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Magnaghi LR, Capone F, Zanoni C, Alberti G, Quadrelli P, Biesuz R. Colorimetric Sensor Array for Monitoring, Modelling and Comparing Spoilage Processes of Different Meat and Fish Foods. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050684. [PMID: 32466268 PMCID: PMC7278839 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat spoilage is a very complex combination of processes related to bacterial activities. Numerous efforts are underway to develop automated techniques for monitoring this process. We selected a panel of pH indicators and a colourimetric dye, selective for thiols. Embedding these dyes into an anion exchange cellulose sheets, i.e., the commercial paper sheet known as “Colour Catcher®” commonly used in the washing machine to prevent colour run problems, we obtained an array made of six coloured spots (here named Dye name-CC@). The array, placed over the tray containing a sample of meat or fish (not enriched at any extend with spoilage products), progressively shows a colour change in the six spots. Photos of the array were acquired as a function of time, RGB indices were used to follow the spoilage, Principal Component Analysis to model the data set. We demonstrate that the array allows for the monitoring the overall spoilage process of chicken, beef, pork and fish, obtaining different models that mimic the degradation pathway. The spoilage processes for each kind of food, followed by the array colour evolution, were eventually compared using three-way PCA, which clearly shows same degradation pattern of protein foods, altered only according to the different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rita Magnaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.R.M.); (F.C.); (C.Z.); (G.A.); (P.Q.)
- Unità di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Capone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.R.M.); (F.C.); (C.Z.); (G.A.); (P.Q.)
| | - Camilla Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.R.M.); (F.C.); (C.Z.); (G.A.); (P.Q.)
| | - Giancarla Alberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.R.M.); (F.C.); (C.Z.); (G.A.); (P.Q.)
| | - Paolo Quadrelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.R.M.); (F.C.); (C.Z.); (G.A.); (P.Q.)
- Unità di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Raffaela Biesuz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.R.M.); (F.C.); (C.Z.); (G.A.); (P.Q.)
- Unità di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence:
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